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TWELVE MONTHS 



IN 




H 




H 



ON THE MARCH—IN THE BATTLE— IN 

THE REBEL PRISON PENS, AND 

AT LAST IN GOD'S 

COUNTRY. 



By LESSEL long 

Private Co. E, 13th Indiana Infantry. 







HUNTINGTON, IND. : 

THAD AND MARK BUTLER, PUBLISHERS. 
1886. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1886, 

BY 

LE8SEL LONG AND THAD BUTLER, 
In the Office of thie Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 







ISSUED FROM THE PRESS OF 

3JlotttgoTnerg & ^rootnatt, 

PRINTERS AND BINDERS, 
TOLEDO, O. 



PREFACE 



This volume is presented to the public by its author with 
a thorough appreciation of its imperfections as a literary pro- 
duction. There has been no attempt at ostentatious display of 
learning or boastful show of knowledge, but the volume is sim- 
ply the plain story of a private soldier who suffered a year in 
the rebel prison pens of the Southern Confederacy. Originally 
the sketches appeared in our village paper, the Andrews Ex- 
press, under the title of " Army Life." The partial judgment 
of friends and neighbors has encouraged us to revise and 
re-publish them in book form. 

In this, the story of his personal experience, the author 
has written only the truth. Horrible as was the condition of 
Union prisoners — terribly as they suffered — the dreadful reality 
can be but feebly portrayed on paper. The grizzled veteran 
who wakens from his sleep, twenty years after, with the moans 
of stai'ving and dying comrades ringing in his ears, whose eyes 
yet retain the mental picture of the utter wretchedness, hope- 
lessness and misery of Anderson ville — he alone can realize the 
horror upon horror of a year's confinement in the rebel military 
prisons of the South. God grant that such suffering as fell 
to the lot of my brave comrades who died, or living, suffered 
the tortures of death in rebel prison pens, may never again be 
known in our common country. 

The Author. 
Andrews, Ind., 1886. 



CHAPTEE I. 



Campaigning in Florida — The Countersign Lost — Camp 
EuMORs — Out at Sea — Killing an Alligator with a 
Paper Wad — Joining the Army in Virginia — A Dis- 
gusted Eebel Sympathizer^The March to the Front. 

(inURING- the winters of 1863-4 the regiment to which I be- 
jLy longed, the 13th Indiana Infantry, was stationed on Fol- 
lies Island, South Carolina. It was generally believed that there 
would be an early and active campaign. Both the North and 
the South were making great preparations for the final strug- 
gle. Late in February our command was ordered to Florida 
to reinforce General Seymour, who had met the Johnnies and 
got the worst of the fight. We arrived at Jacksonville about 
February 26th, and when we landed there was considerable 
excitement. General Seymour had been out near Ocean Pond 
and met G-eneral Finigan, who gave him battle at once. By 
some unknown means the rebels secured our countersign, and 
during the night passed a large body of their men through our 
lines, thus gaining the rear of the Union army. At daylight 
the fight began greatly at Seymour's disadvantage, and in a 
short time his men were on the retreat. It was a hard fought 
battle for the number engaged. There were several regiments 
of colored troops in the fight, and they were comparativel}^ new 
and suffered badly. So when we arrived at Jacksonville the 



8 Twelve MontJis in Ander'sonville. 

colored troops who were wounded were seen coming to camp. 
As Seymour lacked sufficient transportation they were com- 
pelled to make their way back to camp as best they could. In 
a short time after we landed we were marched to the eastern 
part of the town, where we got our supper and were ordered 
out on the picket line. It was reported that General Finigan 
was advancing and we might expect a fight at any time, and to 
make things worse we had no countersign. The location of 
our lines being new it was somewhat perplexing. At last our 
officers agreed ujjon a sign by which we might know our men 
from the enemy. The sign was the drawing of the saber about 
one-fourth out of the scabbard and forcing it back with such 
force as to be heard at least ten paces. This done three times 
in quick succession was to be our countersign for the night, 
and the regiment was deployed on the picket line, two men at 
a place, and each squad about ten to fifteen paces apart. Thus 
we spent our first night in Florida. Next day the front of our 
lines was properly exj)lored, and the country scouted over for 
several miles. Finding no enemy we established our camp and 
soon fell into the ordinary routine of camp life. 

At first our camp was on the edge of the city of Jackson- 
ville. We soon had the place so fortified that we did not fear 
any danger, as we had several gun boats lying in the river 
ever ready to throw a Camp Kettle over to the Johnnies, who 
were always as ready to keep out of range. So things Avent 
on very quietlj^, and we moved our camp outside the works 
about one-half mile, where we had a nice location and pretty 
good water, so much better than the water was in South Caro- 
lina that it seemed like a paradise to us who had been cooped 
up on those islands, so long. Now we could go to town, and 
everything was moving off nicely until one Sunday morning, 
about the first of April, we heard a pretty brisk fire at the 
north of our camp, and in a few minutes we could see the 



Twelve Months in Audersonville. 9 

orderlies flying in every direction. Soon we received orders 
to strike tents and get inside of our breastworks. It was 
said that Finigan was advancing with a large force. All was 
bustle and hurry until all our camp equipages were inside the 
works. We saw a large force going out towards where the 
firing was heard, and in the course of two or three hours we 
learned that it was only a scouting party which had come on 
one of our picket posts and had left as fast as their horses would 
carry them when their fire was returned. We were ordered 
back to our camp, the boys feeling disappointed that they had 
so much trouble for nothing, but as it was all for Uncle Sam 
and cheap glory we were soon fixed up as nice as ever, and all 
again Avas quiet. 

About this time those of our regiment who had veteran- 
ized returned, and all was excitement for a few days. The 
boys would relate what good times they had while at home, 
and the many letters that they brought back were read and 
re-read time and again, and the situation talked over. It was 
apparent from the activity going on that there was to 
be a general move all along the line. We heard all sorts of 
reports as to where we were to go. Some said we were going 
back to Follies Island, some that they knew we were to form a 
party to take Savannah, Ga., others thought we would 
be sent somewhere on the coast to do garrison duty, as 
the regiment was very much reduced, while others insisted 
that we would take the field, as we had always done. At last 
the order came to strike tents and report at the landing, where 
we would find transports to convey us away from Jacksonville. 
This was the last of April. At last we were all on board, and 
down the river we went, arriving at its mouth late in the 
evening. The weather was clear and warm, when night 
closed the day ; we lay down to sleep, but when we got up in 
the morning it was raining. We saw several transports 



10 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

anchored out in the bay, and learned that we were at 
Hilton Head, South Carolina, and that we were to go further 
north. We soon lay alongside a nice vessel and were ordered 
to go aboard. We remained at the wharf for two days and 
nights to receive the baggage of our own and other regiments. 
Here we learned that all the troops that could be spared from 
the coast were to go to Virginia, where they would be re-organ- 
ized into brigades and corps. All the stores, baggage and 
equipments having been loaded, we put out to sea. 

Just here, I will relate a little joke our Captain, H. A. 
Johnson, played on one of the 112th N. Y. regiment. That 
regiment belonged to our brigade, and one day while we were at 
Jacksonville, our Caj^tain was the officer of the day. The Cap- 
tain always enjoyed a good joke and could laugh as hearty at 
one as anybody. So while he was making the rounds of the 
picket line, he came to a post of the 112th. Their post was 
located at a bridge that had been built to afford a crossing 
place over one of many marshes or in-lets that put into the St. 
John's river. The boys who were stationed at this post had 
discovered a large alligator which had crawled upon a log just 
at the side of the bridge, and was lying there in the hot sun 
with the top of his head thrown back for the purj)Ose of catch- 
ing flies. The boys asked the Cajitain if they might shoot the 
monster. He said it would never do to fire off their guns 
along the line, as it would raise the alarm. At their invitation, 
however, the Captain went down on the bridge and saw the 
gent apparently asleep, when it occurred to him that it would 
be a good joke to have one of the boys draw the ball out of his 
gun and shoot the fellow with a paper wad. So the Captain 
gave permission to draw the ball and run down some paper 
loosely — just enough to hold the powder — and go out and poke 
the gun as close to his throat as possible and tire, and the effect 
would be to blow him up, and at the same time the gun loaded 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 11 

in this manner would make no report that could be heard at 
any distance. No sooner did the boys obtain permission than 
they proceeded to execute it. The fellow with the gun walked 
out on the bridge until he was over the alligator, then he 
poked his gun down as close as he could to its mouth, and fired. 
At the report of the gun, the alligator popjjed up like a blad- 
der, but the greatest surprise was when the sentinel looked at 
his gun. The nauzzle was as flat as if it had been placed on an 
anvil and struck with a sledge hammer. In the agonies of 
death the alligator clasj^ed his jaws together, flattening the gun 
barrel as described! The Captain had a hearty laugh at the 
result. It was just as he anticipated, and he said it was worth 
a month's wages to see that soldier when he looked at his gun. 
The jolly Captain is dead. May his ashes rest in peace until 
the great roll call on the other side. 

At the end of five days on the sea, we arrived at Chesa- 
peake Bay. We simply touched at Fort Monroe, where we re- 
ceived orders to go up the York Eiver. While attempting to 
make the mouth of the York Eiver, our j)ilot lost his way, and 
as the wind was blowing a gale, we came near being wrecked 
on old Point Comfort. After signaling for a long time we got 
a pilot, who took charge of our vessel and made the river all 
right, landing at Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown. Here 
we remained close to the river for the night, and the next day 
moved back from the landing about one-half mile, where we 
established our camp. The troops continued to arrive from 
day to day, until there was a large body of men, out of which 
the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps were organized. The Tenth 
was commanded by Smith, and the Eighteenth by General 
Gilmore. All was bustle and hurry. Organization of different 
branches of the service was made from day to day, there were 
reviews and general reviews without number. We encamped 
in the old works which McClellan built two years before, when 



12 Tzuelve Months in Andersonville. 

he made his advance " On to Eichmond," by the way of the 
PeninsuUi. Many were the brave boys who took part in that 
campaign, who went on the march never to return. Yes, they 
gave up their lives that the Eepublic might live and that the 
glorious old stars and sti'ipes might wave over a land of the 
brave and a home of the free. Did they give up their lives in 
vain? It looks that way sometimes when we see the same men 
that were then doing all they could to destroy our free institu- 
tions, now, after twenty years, elevated to the law-making 
power. 

After due time we were assigned a place in the Tenth 
Corps, and on May 1st, we broke camp and were ordered to 
go aboard of the transports. What does this mean? We 
thought we were going to advance on Eichmond by the way 
of the White House, and to confirm our opinion of this fact, 
several days previous to this there had been a small brigade of 
infantry and the 11th Penn. Cavalry sent up to White House, 
and it was reported that the Cavalry were scouting over the 
country while the infantry were fortifying the landing so as to 
protect our supplies when they should arrive. As the trans- 
ports took on their loads, each boat would steam up the river 
for two or three miles and anchor. This proceeding was going 
on all day, our regiment embarking late in the evening. When 
we started after the rest of the fleet darkness had set in. After 
discussing the probabilities of the campaign we rolled ourselves 
up in our blankets for the night and slept as only soldiers can 
sleep under such circumstances. 

Imagine our surprise the next morning to find our fleet 
out on the Chesapeake Bay. The question was now where can 
we be going? Speculation as to our destination was at last 
ended by the fleet passing into James Eiver. It was apparent 
that we were going to land somewhere ujd the James and 
opposite from the south side, while Grant was on the North. 



Twelve Mo7tths i7t A^idersoiiville. 13 

It was a grand sight to see all the transports loaded with 
troops, their bands playing, flags fljdng, and men cheering. 
I do not know the number of boats. There were a great many. 
Some steamers had in tow floating wharfs, while iron clad gun- 
boats were promiscuously scattered amongst the fleet. Near 
sunset we passed City Point. This had been the place for the 
exchange of prisoners ever since the war commenced. Here 
lay a huge iron clad at anchor, seeming anxious for something 
to do. We passed on up the river to a place called Bermuda 
Hundred. Here we landed and marched out in a field and 
encamped. All night we could hear the troops on the move. 
Next morning when we got up, and the mist cleared away, as 
far as we could see were trooj)s on the move or in camp. 
There were several hundred a<^res of wheat and corn all doing 
nicely until the troops went into it. After we got our break- 
fast an old gentlenian came over to us and commenced to talk 
about the war. He said: "This plantation belongs to me. 
I gave uncle Jeff S50,000 in gold to help carry on the war, and 
I sent fift}- of my best field hands up to Richmond to work on 
the fortifications. I sowed this wheat with the intention of 
giving it to him when it was threshed, but here you damned 
Yankee devils have come and destroyed it as you do every- 
thing else." While we were talking, some one said, see those 
fellows over there in the barn lot ! Looking over that %vay, we 
saw fort}^ or fiftj- soldiers after the pigs and chickens or any- 
thing else that could be of an}^ use to a soldier. The old man 
looked at them for a few seconds and exclaimed : "This beats 
hell," and started off' for the house. The boys gave three 
cheers as he went. We soon got the order to prepare to march 
with two days' rations in our harversacks. Soon the bugle 
sounded " fall in " and the regiment formed its ranks. Colonel 
Dobbs galloped ' to the head of column and gave the order 
" right face, forward march ! " We know not whether we 



14 Twelve Months in A?ide7^sonville. 

will ever return. Many never did return, but we hope they 
were permitted to extend their mai;ch to better fields beyond 
the river. 



CHAPTEE II. 



Scouting for the Enemy — A "Non-Combatant" Doctor — 
Capture of a Torpedo Battery — A Skirmish — Fright- 
ened Darkey — Battle of Chester Station — Charge 
Upon the Enemy — Taking a Johnnie Prisoner — The 
Tables Turned — "Throw Down that Gun, You Yank" 
— Taken Inside the Enemy's Works — Libby Prison. 

\\) FTER leaving the landing our course ran southwest. "We 
jL\, did not go more than one-half or three-quarters of a mile 
until the boys began to throw away their blankets and extra 
clothing, it being the 6th of May and the weather very hot. At 
a distance of about one mile we left the main road and began 
to scout through the woods and farms. "We were told by the 
officers that we were to thoroughly explore the country between 
the landing and the turnpike to see if there were any John- 
nies in the woods. This oj)eration caused the brigade to break 
into regiments, each regiment taking a different road, but to 
keep within supporting distances of each other. As we ad- 
vanced we observed at every cross-road officers with their maps 
trying to gain all the knowledge of the country they could. 
We came to many farms during the day where the men were 
plowing corn, having no idea of our presence until we were 
right on them. Some would start to run, others seemed 
perfectly amazed, having never seen a wild "Yank" before. 



16 Twelve MoiitJis in A^idei^soiiville. 

All of the white men were put under arrest. This precaution 
was taken to prevent them from giving any information to the 
enemy. We spent the entire day in this manner, without find- 
ing any armed enemy. Late in the afternoon we captured a 
young darkey, who said he belonged to a prominent doctor 
who lived in Richmond, and who owned the farm that we were 
then on. He said his master had gone to Petersburg and 
would be back soon. So part of the company went down the 
road, and taking a good position, soon had the satisfaction of 
capturing the doctor. He was very wrathy. He said we had 
no right to detain him, as he was a peaceable citizen. One of 
our officers stepping up to his horse and taking hold of his 
holsters, said : " Is it customary for peaceable citizens to carry 
such things as these?" The old doctor said: "That is my 
private property, and you have no right to interfere with pri- 
vate property." Nevertheless, the revolvers were confiscated 
and the horse also. Oh, how he did charge when the horse 
was taken from him! The boys took the doctor to General 
Foster's headquarters. From there he was sent to Butler's 
headquarters. I never heard of him after. About the same 
time Company D found a negro Avho said that right " over 
there is the river, and our folks have a signal station there." 
So off the boys go, across the fields and through a strijj of woods. 
We were so close to the station before we were discovered that 
the signal officer left for the fort, leaving his uniform, signal 
flags, books and everj^thing, which our boys captured and 
brought to camp. At this station we found a battery for the 
purpose of blowing up our boats should they attempt to go up 
the river. The river at this point was sunk full of torpedoes 
and wires running from them to this battery. By the use 
of this instrument the signal station officer could touch off 
any of the torpedoes he desired at any time, but our boys 
came upon him so suddenly that he left everything. It being 



Twelve Mo7iths in A^idersonville. 17 

now sunset we fell back with the rest of the command, and 
went into camp for the night. 

Early next morning we were ordered up and told to get 
ready for a march, and probably a fight. Soon we saw the ad- 
vance cavalry start out, and soon after we followed. The cav- 
alry did not go more than half a mile until we heard a brisk fire, 
which lasted a minute or two, when all was still. In a short 
time we saw some cavalrymen coming back guarding a lot of 
prisoners whom they had taken. We were ordered forward at 
once, and knew now that we had work before us. As we 
passed out to the main road we saw the doctors fixing up their 
tables, getting ready to attend the wounded. We learned that 
the prisoners just taken were some of General Beauregard's 
men, and that his army was concentrating at Petersburg. We 
soon came to the woods and formed in line of battle and ad- 
vanced in this manner. We were under a pretty brisk fire, but 
as yet the enemy were not strong enough, and every time we 
moved up they would fall back and take a new position. In 
this manner we followed them all day, until late in the evening, 
when our bugles sounded the order to fall back. So back we 
went to camp. In this day's fight we had a good many men 
wounded and some killed. As yet we had not put up any tents 
but lay down on the ground with our blankets for cover. 
About midnight we were ordered uj) and told to commence the 
erection of breastworks. We were supplied with axes, shovels 
and picks, and soon had a pretty good line of works. By the 
time our works were finished it was daylight. This being- 
Sunday, May 8th, no move was made to-day. We arranged our 
camp, put up our shelter tents, and fixed up for house-keeping. 
In the evening the right wing of my regiment was ordered out 
on the picket line. Also the right wing of every regiment 
in the brigade. We did not go far, and were stationed along a 
fence, two men at a place, and not more than ten paces between 



18 Twelve Months in Andei^sonville. 

each squad. Thus wc passed Sunday night, Monday, and Mon- 
day night. Sometime on Monday morning the Eighteenth 
Corps marched out on the same road (towards Petersburg) 
that Ave had fought over on Saturday. They came on the 
rebels about a quarter of a mile from our pickets, and from 
thereon, as far as they Avere able to drive them, they had heavy 
fighting, continuing all Monday night, and it was the heaviest 
musket firing I ever heard. Sometime Monday night the left 
wing of all the other regiments of the brigade was ordered out 
to guard the rear of the Eighteenth Corps, Avhile they Avere 
fighting at Petersburg. Having learned from scouts that there 
was a considerable force collecting at Fort Darling, Avho AA^ere 
advancing out on the pike leading from Eichmond to Peters- 
burg, Tuesday, May 10th, about 10 o'clock, we were relieved off 
of the picket line and ordered to join the left wing, which we 
proceeded to do as quick as possible. After going about three 
miles we came to the turnpike, followed it for a short distance, 
the woods being very thick with underbrush on both sides of 
the road. Here we learned that the left wang of our regiment 
was on the west side of the pike, so Ave tried to find them. 
After going through the woods for some time, we got orders to 
go back to the pike, where Ave were ordered to support Battery 
D, Fifth XJ. S. Artilleiy, which had taken position on top of a 
rise in the pike, with orders to hold. We filed across the pike 
on the east side and lay doAvn. The fight had opened on the 
west side of the pike. The musket fire was pretty heaA^y, and 
several rebel batteries were firing constantly. As yet our bat- 
teries had not opened. As we lay here I heard the orders 
given to hurry up the rest of the Corps. All the Avhile Ave lay 
hero the rebels were throAving solid shot and shell in all direc- 
tions. This was done to get our batteries to rej^ly, so they 
would know where to concentrate their fire. While laying 
here we learned that the Major of the 62d Ohio Avas in com- 



Twelve Months in A^idersonville. ^^ 

mand of our brigade, and bo, witb otber officers, was continu- 
ally riding up tbe pike to see if tbey could see anytbing of 
tbe rebels. All at once tbey came dasbing back like a flock of 
scared sbeep. Tben some of tbe officers said to tbe Major: 
" Did you see tbe game, Major? " " You bet I did, and we will 
smell bell bere in a few minutes." Just tben tbe Jobnnies 
fired a volley over us. Our Major's darke}^, wbo bad been 
bolding bis borse, came leading bim up to tbe Major, and said, 
"Take the boss, Majab, I'se gwine back ! " Tbe Major looked 

at tbe darkey and yelled out : " You d d black rascal, are 

you any better to be sbot at tban I ? Hold tbe borse until I 
call for bim." "All rigbt," said tbe darkey. Just tben tbere 
was another heavy volley fired, which cut the twigs over our 
beads. The darkey again bustled up to the Major and said: 
" Majab, take tbe boss now, I'se gwine back sure." Tbe Major 
said, as be took the reins, "go, you black devil," and away be 
went down tbe pike as fast as be could run, witb all the rest of 
tbe dai'keys belonging to tbe regiment. 

The rebels bad by this time crept up through tbe thick 
brush so close that tbey were shooting tbe artillery horses, 
when we were ordered to charge, which we did, and a bad old 
charge it was for many of us. Wo soon had the Johnnies on 
the run, and forced them out of tbe thick brush. We killed, 
wounded, or took prisoners, all we could see. Many of our men 
in the front, were killed or wounded in the thick brush, and 
tbe noise of the artillery and muskets, the cheering of tbe men, 
was terrific as we advanced. After firing had ceased some- 
what, we could not see any more Johnnies in our front, but I 
discovered, about 100 yards in advance of me, a Johnny laying 
behind a log. Having just fired off my gun, I rammed down a 
cartindge as quick as I could and started for him. He threw 
up his hat and cried out " don't shoot me, I am a conscript 
and don't want to fight." I said, "throw down that gun and 



20 Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 

accouterments and come up to me." He did so. Just then 
the firing had ceased on our side of the pike. I thought we 
had made a clean victory of it. I talked with the fellow for a 
few seconds and learned that he belonged to the 4th Alabama 
regiment. So I went back and picked up his gun and 
accouterments and then we started back. I could not see any 
of the boys but thought they had got back in the the thick 
brush. As I went along I picked up one of the nicest little 
rifles I ever saw. So I was going along leisurely, thinking I 
could make a good report when I got to my regiment with one 
prisoner and two extra guns. Just then I saw Quarter Master 
Gordon. He was coming towards me. I soon discovered that 
he was bearing off too far to the left to come to me, when I 
yelled out to him, "what shall I do with this fellow?" The 
Quarter Master turned in his saddle and seeing who it was, 
said, " throw down all of those accouterments but yours and 
hurry back. They are flanking us," at the same time motioning 
to me to bear off to the left and still yelling at me to hurry. 
Then all the artillery opened up, and such a yelling and firing 
I never heard. I bore away from the pike as directed hy the 
Quarter Master. The woods had taken fire and it was a fear- 
ful hot day. I ran as fast as I could until I came to the edge 
of a field when I had to stop and rest. While we stood on the 
edge of the field I said to my prisoner, " if we can gain the 
woods, the other side of this field, I think we are all right." 
"We had to run about thirty or forty rods in the open field to 
gain the woods. The bullets were falling as thick as hail. We 
could see the dust rise where they struck the ground, creating 
about as much dust as a drove of sheep would make running 
over the ground. But take our chance we must, and dashing 
across the field we were successful in gaining the woods. On 
the opposite of the field from where we entered the brush, the 
balls were cominc; through the brush, which sounded to me like 



Twelve Months in A7tdersonville. 21 

heavy rain droiDS falling on cli-y leaves. We had not gone 
more than three or four rods in the brush until I heard a noise 
on mj right. Looking in that direction I saw two of my com- 
panj^. One was dead and the other badly wounded. The 
wounded comrade was making a noise, and I was just in the 
act of stej^ping to him when I heard some one on my left hello, 
and looking in that direction, I saw a rebel sergeant and two 
privates, with their guns at a ready. The sergeant yelled out, 
"throw down that gun, you Yankee s — ofab — , or I will 
blow you through ! " Now, you see there was no time for par- 
ley. I threw my gun in the brush, when they came up to me 
and the sergeant said, " I never will shoot a man until I give 
him fair warning. I could have shot you, but I knew you did 
not see us, and I would not do that." Imagine my thoughts. 
Here I am, a prisoner, and not one of my comrades in sight. 
My prisoner had been ordered back to take a gun. How quick 
I had changed places with him! We did not stand here long 
until several of our boys were brought up — eight of my com- 
pany and fifty-two of the regiment. Seventy of the brigade all 
told. One of my company Charles Weibel, was badly wounded 
in the head. While we were standing here we heard great 
cheering on our left. Looking in that direction we saw 
several men running, who proved to be part of Company I, 
Captain Beebe, of my regiment, and thirteen men. They 
had tried to cross a swamp, could not do it, and 
on coming back saw the rebel regiment drawn up 
behind. Taking them for our own regiment they 
set up a cheering to think they had got back to their own 
command. They did not discover their mistake until they 
were within three rods of the rebels. The rebels were clothed in 
blue Kentucky jeans, which looked like oiir uniform when off 
at a distance. They were ordered to surrender, which they 
did, and we were started back to the rear, while the woods were 



22 Twelve Months i7i A?idersonville. 

full of shell falling in amongst us. A good many were 
wounded. After surrendering we followed an old road for 
about one mile, when we came out to the turnpike. Here was 
a rebel general's headquarters, and here we were halted and 
questioned as to who they were fighting. When told Butler's 
men it seemed to make them mad. They said they would soon 
have the " beast" in the same condition that we were in. The 
rebel general, Ransom, was in command of the Johnnies, and 
while they were talking with us our batteries moved upon the 
pike and commenced to shell them. All of their ambulances and 
transportation wagons were corralled on a large farm on the 
west side of the j)ike. Our shells fell thick and fast in that 
mass of frightened beings. Ambulances overturned, white 
men and negroes were running in all directions. We were 
ordered to form between two lines of guards, and down the 
pike wo went at a run, myself and another of my company 
taking charge of our comrade, who was wounded, one on either 
side of him, with his arms over our shoulders. In this man- 
ner we were compelled to run for about a mile. All this dis- 
tance we could sec soldiers running back, and it seemed to be 
a regular panic. We came to a creek, where we were per- 
mitted to get water and wash the blood off of the wounded. 
Then we went down the pike about one-half mile, when wo 
took a road leading to Fort Darling. We were soon inside of 
their works, from which we were taken to the James Eiver and 
went on board of an old boat. We were told that we would go 
up to Eichmond. Here we remained for about two hours, 
when an oflicer came down and told the guard to take us up on 
the hill to the old government graveyard, where there was 
plent}- of shade. Here we remained until late in the evening, 
when we went on board of a steamer and started uj) the river 
for Richmond. On our way up we saw the Confederate fleet, 
which was lying in the river between Fort Darling and the 



Twelve Months in A7idersonville. 25 

city. There were several substantial looking vessels. Just at 
dark we landed at Eichmond, and were ordered out between 
two lines of guards, who conducted us to the famous, or rather 
infamous, "Libby Prison." The following members of my 
Company were with me : Charles "Weibel, Grreenbery Cruse, 
Nathan Lowder, Martin Harden, Luther Eobbins, Samuel 
Weeter and William Cromer — all still living except Weibel, 
who died in Andersonville. 



CHAPTEE in. 



Life in Libby — Searching the Prisoners — A Contemptible 
Officer — The Pemberton Building — Neglect of the 
Wounded— A Brutal Guard Shoots a Helpless Pris- 
oner-How THE Prisoners Got the News — Sending 
Word to My Parents— Off for the "Sunny South." 

A "\ "THEN we marched up to the Libby building, the doors 
Y V were opened, and we went in. Our Alabama guards 
left us at the boat. Now we were under a different set of fellows. 
A fellow that they called sergeant ordered us in line, single file, 
that he could count us. We wore in a large room, and there 
were half a dozen or more clerks at work on the prison rolls. 
After he got through counting us, he then said to us that we 
should give our names, rank, company and regiment as we 
were called, commencing on the right. The clerks would enter 
the names as given on the rolls, and as fast as each prisoner 
gave his name, etc., he was ordered into another room. Here 
was the Provost Marshal's office, and another clerk who took 
your name, rank, company, regiment. State, and the branch of 
the service that you belonged to. When it came my time to go 
into the room the Provost Marshal looked up at me and said : 
" Have you got any money? " I answered: " I have a little." 
He then said, " I want it. If jon give it up here it will be 
given back to you when you are exchanged." So I took out 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 27 

my money, which consisted of two ten dollar greenbacks and 
one two dollar bill, with seventy-five cents in postal currency, 
and handed it to him, when he threw the postal currency back 
to me, and said: " Take those rags, I do not want them." I 
thought, good-bye greenbacks, I will never see you any more, 
but such was not the case, as we shall see after awhile. He 
then said, " Have you any more ? If so, you had better give it 
up here, for if any is found on your person when you are 
searched in the next room it will be confiscated." I said, " that 
is all I have." He then said, •' Guard, take him to the next 
room." 1 observed that the clerk registered my name, etc., 
and the amount of money given up, in a lai'ge ledger. 

As the guard led the way to the next rooni and opened 
the door, I saw some half dozen or more of my comrades, some 
taking off their clothing and others putting their's on. In this 
room were several rebel officers to see that we were properly 
searched and robbed of all of our valuables, such as money, 
which had not been given up to the Provost Marshal. There 
were a number of soldiers searching the boys for what they 
could find. I was ordered to take off my clothing, and as I did 
so the fellow searched the seams of my blouse, pants, shirt, 
drawers and cap, running his fingers through my hair and 
beard to see what he could find. After he was satisfied, he 
said, " you can put on your clothes." I did so, when he took up 
my canteen and rubber blanket and threw it on a pile of such 
articles in one corner of the room. Emptying out ray haver- 
sack, he threw that on the pile, at the same time scattering its 
contents on the floor and taking such articles as he wanted. 
Then he said, "If there is anything there that you want, take 
it." I picked up a few crackers, a cup and spoon, they being 
about all there was left. This search was continued with all 
the boys. When completed we were formed in line, counted, 
and a little fellow they called Adjutant came strutting up to us 



28 Twelve MontJis m Ajidersonville. 

and said that we would now go over to the Pemberton building. 
So the command was given, and off we went across the street 
to the Pemberton building, where we were conducted to the 
third floor and told to remain for the present. 

There were about three hundred men already in this room. 
It was about ten o'clock and no supper was given us. The 
prisoners gathered around us and besought us as to the pros- 
pect of exchange, and wanted to know how our army was 
making it. If we did not think that this spring's campaign 
would end the war, etc. We told them all we knew of the 
prospects, which we thought looked encouraging, and we 
thought we would soon be back to our regiment. Imagine our 
surprise when some of them told us they had been in this 
building for ten months ! As we were very tired we lay down 
for the night on that part of the floor that had been assigned 
to us. We had no blankets, nor did they furnish us with any, 
so we lay on the bare floor. 

Early in the morning I got up and took a good survey of 
the room and the surroundings. We were on the thii-d floor 
of what had once been a large tobacco factory and warehouse. 
There were no sash or glass in the windows, they having been 
broken out or taken out before we arrived. Right across the 
street was the Libby building. Down the street we could see 
Castle Thunder, where men and women were confined for their 
loyal sentiments, and many of our boys who were held as spies. 
If this building could talk, it could tell a terrible tale of horror. 
Many were the poor fellows who went inside of those barred 
doors that never saw the light of another day. This building 
was a large brick ; the windows were all barred with iron rods. 
We could see some of the inmates through the grating of the 
windows. Still further on was the Rebel Capitol, with the 
Southern flag floating over it at that time. On the South, and 
directly in front of our building, were the James River and 



Tzvelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 29 

Canal ; on the opposite side ofthe river was a large tract of land, 
now entirely destitute of fence or trees. This I was told 
belonged to General Scott, and was once a very fine farm, but 
was now used by the rebels to try their guns which the large 
factory was turning out. The Tridegar Grun Works, of Eich- 
mond, was the largest of any in the Confederacy, and at this 
time was run to its full capacity, day and night. We could see 
the smoke from its tall stacks, and could also see away down 
the river to Fort Darling, where Butler was contending against 
the rebels. 

After viewing our situation I made some inquiries in 
regard to the rules of the prison, and was told if I put my 
head out of the window I might got shot, as all prisoners are 
forbidden to sit in the window or put their heads out. There 
was a line of guards around the building, placed about fifty 
feet apart, Math instructions to shoot any prisoner who should 
violate any of the prison rules. The guards were old men, too 
old to go in the field, or too young for active service. They 
had no more judgment than a mule, and seemed to try and see 
how mean they could act. After having learned all I could 
from the old prisoners, I took a seat on the floor to await de- 
velopments. About half-past eight o'clock up came a little 
fellow whom they called Adjutant. He was followed by a ser- 
geant and a big burly Irishman, who carried an old musket 
barrel for a cane, and always marched close to the sergeant. 
The Adjutant ordered us in line and proceeded to tell us how 
mean we looked and how ignorant we were. Said he could 
compare us to nothing but East Tennesseeans, as they were the 
most ignorant people in the Confederate States. The sergeant 
called the roll and then counted. Then the Adjutant gave us 
another lecture and went below. I made inquiry who this fel- 
low was, and was told it was Adjutant Eoss. I will tell you 
what became of him after awhile. He was the most contemp- 



30 Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 

tiblc little devil I ever saw, and I think he is receiving his just 
reward before this time. 

AH was quiet vintil about ten o'clock when the same burly 
Irishman came up to the head of the stairs and sang out, "four- 
teen men and bread boxes." At this every old prisoner 
jumped up and wanted to be one of the fourteen to handle the 
bread boxes. The sergeant of the floor gave orders who 
could go, and in a short time they returned with one day's 
rations, which consisted of corn bread, bean soup, and bacon. 
Each man got a piece of corn bread about one-half as big as a 
brick, and one pint of bean soup, with a few beans in it, and 
three ounces of bacon. This we learned was for our day's 
rations. We could eat it all at once or save a part until 
evening and have it for supper. I thought I would make two 
meals of mine. I would eat the soup and a part of the bread 
and save the balance for suj^per. I tried this for several days 
until 1 got so hungry that I ate all at one meal, and I never 
tried to make two meals off one day's rations after that, in all 
of my confinement, which was twelve months. After we had 
finished our meal every one seemed more cheerful. We 
marched up and down the room for exercise and sung patriotic 
songs, such as "Eally Eound The Flag," and "Old John 
Brown's Body," everybody joining in the chorus. After we 
had got tired of this, orders were received from our own ser- 
geant to wash the floor. This done, then the boys would 
gather in groups while some one would relate his experience 
as a soldier. I was looking after the welfare ot our wounded 
comrade whom I spoke of in my last chapter. I had an old 
knife which we sharpened on a brick and I proceeded to shave 
the hair from the wound and wash it in cold water. This I 
did every day for three weeks, when the wound healed up, and 
did not give him much trouble. The rebels never ofl'ered to do 
anything for him, although it was a bad wound. When night 



Twelve Months t7i Andersonville. 31 

came, "we lay down to sleep. This was my first day in Rich- 
mond. Little did I think I would have more than 300 days 
within the Confederacy. Almost every day we could see 
squads of prisoners marched up to the Libby and go 
through the same ordeal that we had gone through. After 
three or four days, a large lot of prisoners from Butler's army 
came in, and a few of them WQre from our brigade. I .sought 
them out and learned all I could about my own regiment. All 
I could learn was that the regiment had lost heavily in the 
fight on the 10th. 

One night there were some cavalrymen put in our room. 
Next morning one of them sat down in the window with his 
face resting on his hands, when one of the guards fired at him 
without giving any warning. Three buckshot took effect in 
his shoulder blade and ranged up. The man fell forward 
almost over mo. He never spoke. The rebel sergeant of this 
floor came up and ordered him taken to the hosjDital. The 
man that did the shooting was quite an old man, from fifty to 
sixty years of age. He was wearing glasses. There was 
nothing but pure cussedness that caused him to shoot, for the 
soldier was at least thirty feet from the ground and not aware 
that he was violating any rule. Our first day's experience was 
a fair sample of all the rest of our stay in Richmond. 

About the 15th of May we discovered a terrible excite- 
ment in the streets. Soon saw the rebels moving freight cars 
from the Petersburg to the Danville road. We inferred from 
this that Butler had taken Petersburg, and to confirm our 
opinion, we saw in a Richmond paper that there had been very 
hard fighting going on at Ft. Darling and Petersburg. The 
paper called on all citizens to open their houses to receive the 
wounded and for every able-bodied man to arm himself and 
form companies for the defense of the Capital. As General 
Custer, with a large cavalry force was threatening Richmond, 



32 Twelve Months in A7idersonville. 

while Grant was holding Lee, and Butler was holding Beaure- 
gard, the excitement was intense. About this time there was 
a large lot of prisoners came in. A portion of them were 
crowded in our room. Amongst them were some of the Eighth 
Connecticut regiment, with whom I was acquainted, and from 
them I learned that a few days before that Butler had made an 
assault on Port Darling and had been repulsed with heavy loss, 
being compelled to fall back to his works, the rebels following 
them. The Connecticut boys said, "we were put in your old 
works which you built, the second night after we landed. You 
know how thick the little pine trees were in front of your 
works. Well, they were all cut down and fell in such a man- 
ner as to form a great impediment to a charge on our works- 
The Johnnies came up in the thick timber and massed their 
men, and charged through this tangled mass of logs. We lay 
behind our works, and you know we were armed with repeat- 
ing rifles. We just gave them h — I. They fell back, but in a 
few minutes they came again. They made five different 
charges before they drove us out of the works, and they would 
not then have succeeded but the 62nd Ohio, on our right, ran 
out of ammunition, and before we knew it, they were driven 
out. So we had to run to keep from being flanked. You see 
we were too busily engaged in our front, and did not hear the 
order to fall back until it was too late. When we started to run 
they had cut us off from the rest of the troops, so we had to 
give up. I tell you that was the worst fight I ever saw. It 
looked like foul murder to shoot those poor fellows that were 
trying to get through that abatis in front of our breast works." 
I said, "how do you think .Butler is making it." " I hardly 
know. It seems as though they had kinder bottled him up." 
We now noticed that our Alabama guards were doing duty as 
prison guards. I afterwards had a talk with one of them. He 
said : " We thought it was a jiretty hard fight the day we cap- 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 33 

tured you, but I tell you it was not like the fighting on the 13th. 
Our regiment was so reduced then that we have been sent here 
to do guard duty until it can be filled up with new recruits or 
consolidated." I said to him, " when do yQ\x think the war will 
end?" "I don't know," he said, " it looks like they will never 
quit until all the men are killed or wounded." He said, "I 
am very tired of the war and wish it was over. Do you not 
think there will be a compromise?" I said I did not, I 
thought all the compromise that could be expected was for the 
rebels to lay down their arms and return to their allegiance to 
the government of the United States. He said, " I don't care 
how they settle it so they stop the war." 

The weather was getting warmer all the time, aiid our 
room was so crowded we thought we could hardly endure it. 
We said, surely they will exchange us ; we can't live this way 
very long. There were no seats in the room. When we sat down 
it was on the floor, and the room had become so crowded at 
this time that it was almost impossible to sit down, and when 
we lay down for the night we were so crowded that you 
could not turn over unless the whole squad turned. When you 
got so tired laying on one side that you could not stand it any 
longer in that position, you would call out : " Sergeant, give 
the order to right or left turn," (as the case might be), when 
he would give the order: "Squad No. 8, right turn," when 
the whole squad would flop over on their right sides, but not 
without some one giving vent to his wrath for being disturbed 
so often. 

About this time Adjutant Eoss came up to our room and 
said : " If any of you fellows want to write to your friends 
North you can do so, provided you say nothing about the con- 
dition of the army, or anything that will give any information 
as regards military operations, the same to be inspected before 

being sealed." So I thought I would write a few lines home, 

3 



34 Twelve MoJiths in Andersonville. 

although 1 did not have the least idea that it would reach its 
destination. I will give the letter verbatim, as I recollect it at 

this time : 

EicHMOND, Va., May 17, 1864. 
Dear Father — I am a prisoner of war here in Eichmond. 
Eight of ray company are with me. All well. 

Lessel Long, 
Co. F, 13th Ind. Inf 

When I handed it to Eoss he looked at it, and looking up 
to me, said : "That is all right — it will go." Then the old 
prisoners laughed and said, " yes, it will go — to the flames." 
But for once Eoss told the truth. In about a month or six 
weeks my father received the note. 

Every day some one would start the report that there had 
been a general exchange agreed upon and we would soon be 
exchanged. This would revive the drooping comrades for 
awhile. Our rations grew smaller in quantity almost every 
day, and before it was received we would be so hungry that 
it would almost drive us mad. Everybody would be ill, and 
you could get up a quarrel or fight at any time. So things went 
on from day to day. At last one day Eoss came up and ordered 
us in line, counted us, and then took our names, rank, regiment, 
etc., and said we should be ready to leave at any time when 
called on. Every one thought this meant exchange. The old 
prisoners said that is the way they always do when they send 
a lot to be exchanged. Now our hopes were high, and we felt 
sure we would soon be with our friends. 

On the following evening, a little before sunset, Eoss came 
up and said: "Fall in and go down stairs, and you will spend 
the night in the east room with those that are to go with you." 
So down we went, and up to the east room, where we met a lot 
of fellows like ourselves, buoyed up with false holies of being 
exchanged. The room was badly crowded. Eoss told us to be 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 35 

ready to leave early the next morning. There was not much 
sleeping done that night. In that room some one would 
lead out in singing some patriotic song, when all would 
join in the chorus. When they had sung until they were 
exhausted, then they would talk of what good times they 
would have when they got back to " God's country." The ma- 
jority that were in the room were old prisoners taken at Chick- 
amauga. At last morning came, and a little after sunrise the 
order was given to fall in and go down stairs single file, where 
we would receive our rations for the day. We moved down 
the steps, and when we came out on the street we saw two 
lines of guards drawn up, extending down the street toward 
Castle Thunder. The line of guards extended from the foot 
of the stairs to the center of the street, where it turned to the 
right. At the foot of the stairs were large boxes filled with 
corn bread and bacon — ^bread on one side and bacon on the 
other. As we passed we were handed a piece of bread and a 
piece of meat. The piece of bread would weigh about three- 
quarters of a pound and the meat about six ounces. This was 
for one day. We were not allowed to stop, but as soon as we 
filed to the right, were ordered to form two abreast, and move 
down the street towards the rebel caj)ital. As we passed Cas- 
tle Thunder, we could see men and women crowding up to the 
grated windows trying to see what was going on below. We 
moved through the city for a good ways, when we filed to the 
left and crossed the long bridge that spans the James Eiver. 
At this place we did not go far until we came to the cars which 
had been provided for us. We were now guarded by the 
Fourth Alabama, and I asked quite an old man why they did 
not take us down the river on the boats. " Where do you 
think you are going," he asked. "To City Point, for ex- 
change," I said. He shook his head. The thought flashed 
through my mind that we had been deceived, and were not 



36 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

going to be exchanged but moved to some other prison. I said, 
" where do you think they are going to take us ? " "I do not 
linow," was his answer, "we are ordered to go to Danville with 
you," but, said he, " I think you are are going to Anderson- 
ville, Ga." I had never heard of that place before so I plyed 
him with questions about its location until I learned that it 
was a place that had been built expressly for the safe keeping 
of prisoners, and he said it was a large piece of ground which 
had been enclosed for the purposes of a prison, with plenty of 
shade and a nice stream of water running throught it. He said, 
"that is what I have heard." We got aboard of the cars while 
Grant's artillery was thundering away at Frazier's Farm, 
north of the city, and were soon en route to the "sunny 
South." It was the 31st of May, 1864. 



CHAPTEE lY. 



The Journey to Andersonville — Trading a Pen Holder 
FOR A Blanket — Comparative Value of United States 
AND Confederate Money — A Convincing Argument — 
Eemoving dead men from the Cars — Twenty Dollars 
FOR A Twenty-five cent Eing — Assigned to Divisions 
AND Hundreds and Marched into the Stockade. 

WHEN at last, we got aboard of the cars, there were 
found seventy-five to eighty men in a car. The cars 
were freight cars, no seats, no straw to sit upon, but crowded in 
like so many hogs or cattle. Many of the cars were just as 
they had been left when used in hauling cattle and hogs, and as 
filthy as they well could be. The signal being given, our train 
began to move. We were guarded by the Fourth Alabama, 
and I soon became acquainted with one of the guards Avho was 
stationed at the door. He was very talkative, and from him 
I learned that we were on the Danville Eoad, and their orders 
were to go as far as that city, when we would be handed over 
to some other parties. We did not go far before we could see 
what war does for a country. Kilpatrick's cavalry had a short 
time before made a raid on this road and destroyed bridges, 
depots, water-tanks and many miles of track. My Alabama 
friend said this was the reason that wc had been detained at 
Eichmond so long. They had to repair the road before they 



38 Twelve Months in Andej'sonville. 

could move us. He said all of the prisoners would leave Rich- 
mond as fast as transj^ortation could be had. All along the 
road for twenty miles or more, were large bodies of naen 
building breastworks and forts to guard this road. They 
seemed very much excited, as Butler was on the South, and 
Grant's army was only nine miles on the North, and his guns 
were thundering away as we left the city and could be dis- 
tinctly heard for many miles. This road runs through a pretty 
fair part of the country. It looked more like our Northern 
farms than any part of the South I had yet seen. Our train 
made very slow time. We had to side track for all incoming 
trains, and when we had the track I do not think we made 
over eighteen or twenty miles an hour. The day was very 
hot, and owing to the crowded condition of the cars, it was 
very unpleasant and tiresome. Many of the men were sick 
with the diarrhea. We suffered badly for water, having 
nothing to carry any in. All the way we could get a drink 
was when the train stopped by some branch or pond and we 
were allowed to get oft' the cars to get water. Then we would 
go many miles without getting any more. 

Along in the afternoon, my friend said to me, "you have 
no blanket." I said I did not. He said, " have you anything 
to trade me for mine? " I said, I did not think I had, for they 
took everything when they searched us. He said, "if you 
have, I will trade it to you, for you will need it." 1 felt in my 
pockets, and finall}^ found a silver extension pen-holder which 
had been broken some but could be used. I said, " how will 
this do?" "All right, just what 1 want, and I have another 
blanket back at Richmond." " Then we will call it a trade," 
I remarked. "Yes," was his answer. I handed him the 
holder. He said, " keep it until we leave the car, then I will 
hand the blanket to you and you can hand the pen to me." I 
thought that is another rebel lie, he will never give me the 
blanket. 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 39 

It was a very long day to us but nothing to compare with 
the night. As soon as darkness set in they shut one door and 
fastened it, closing the other all but about a space of two feet, 
and two guards stood in that. The heat was terrible. We 
could not sit down or lay down, but simply had to stand or 
" squat." Many of the men were too weak to stand, and to add 
misery to misery men had to be helped to the door continually, 
so they could attend to the calls of nature. Now just imagine 
yourself in this position for twenty hours. It is impossible for 
any one who never experienced these horrors to realize the 
misery. At last just as the sun began to show itself in the 
East, the whistle sounded, and the guards said we were at 
Danville. Our train stopped at the foot of a street where two 
lines of guards were drawn up to receive us, the same as at 
Eichmond. I remained in the car until nearly all were out 
when I stepped to the door. My friend hung the blanket on 
my shoulder. As he did so I passed him the pen-holder. As 
I struck the ground he said, in an under tone, "good-bye, I 
am sorry to see you go." We were formed between the guards 
that were drawn up in line, single file, and ordered to move. 
Soon we came to some large boxes filled with corn bread and 
bacon, and as we passed, a man on our right handed us a jjiece 
of bread and another on our left a piece of bacon, about the same 
quality and quantity that was given us as we left Eichmond. 
We were kept moving until we came to the Charlotte & Dan- 
ville Eoad, where a train of freight cars, with engine attached, 
v/as waiting for us. We were hurried aboard, while a large 
crowd of citizens gathered along the train all anxious to see us. 
While we were waiting I fell into conversation with quite a 
nice looking man. He said he lived in North Carolina. While 
we were talking a fellow came along peddling corn cakes 
which he was selling for one dollar in Confederate money. I 
said to him, " I have no Confederate money, but I have a piece 



40 Twelve Mo7it}is in A7iderso7iville. 

of silver I will give you for one of those cakes. " He said, 
" how much is it ? " I said, "a sixiDcnce. " He said, "let rue 
see it." I handed it to him, when his eyes glistened, and he 
said, " all right — here is your cake," handing it to me at the 
same time. I took it and remarked to the gentlemen from 
North Carolina, " it looks as though you did not have much 
confidence in your money." "Well, you see that fellow don't 
know what hurts him." I Said, "I think there are a good 
many more in the same fix, for I have heard the old prisoners 
say that for the last ten months you could get from five to ten 
dollars for one at Eichmond, and while we were there we could 
get $20 for one." Adjutant Eoss made a regular business of 
buying all he could get hold of at from five to twenty for one. 
The whistle again sounded and we moved South. The 
road over which we now jDassed was very rough, having just 
been finished and ballasted. It seemed as though the cars 
would leave the track at every turn of the wheels. "We now 
had a new set of gixards — the Virginia Home Guards — com- 
posed of young men from twelve to twenty years of age. They 
were right in for argument, and when one of our boys talked 
to them and got the best of the argument, they would 
straighten up and say, "shut your d — d Yankee mouth, or I 
will run this bayonet through you." Of course, the boys 
would have to shut up or the whel^o would have put his threat 
into execution. They were the most contemptible set of curses 
I ever saw. Take them as you would, you could find nothing 
good about them. They were ignorant, overbearing, self con- 
ceited, and ver}" cruel to the men under them. Would push 
and knock the sick men as though they were brutes, and much 
worse than any drover does his hogs or cattle. This day we 
arrived at Greensboro, North Carolina. Here we got off the 
cars about sun set, and were allowed to go to a small grove 
about ten rods from the road. There were several dead men 



Twelve Mo7iths in A7iderso7iville. 41 

taken from the cars who had died since we left Danville in the 
morning, and a good many who wei*e so sick that they could 
not walk. They were laid under the shade trees on the grass 
with those who had died on the cars. I wish to call the atten- 
tion of the young men to this one point. No doubt but some 
one will read this narrative whose father or brother was left 
there. It is a fact that they were "some one's" brother or 
father — some mother's darling — who had given up his young 
life, away from home, with no one to pity or console them, or 
even give them one drink of water. Left to die alone and in a 
strange land. May the Supreme Euler be merciful to their 
ashes. 

We left Greensboro about ten o'clock at night, and were 
ordered on the cars and did not stop until about ten or eleven 
o'clock the next day when we arrived at Charlotte, N. C. 
Here we again changed cars. We were marched to a little 
grove south of the town, and a guard line established around 
us. We were told that we would draw rations here, as we had 
had nothing since we left Danville tlie morning before. We 
received our rations, and being very hungry, soon dispatched 
them, when we felt in a better humor. I was setting by a tree 
when one of our boys came up to me and said that there was a 
rebel officer out there that wanted to buy a finger ring. I had 
a cheap one, worth about twenty-five cents. It was very large 
and had a glass set in it. So we went over to see him. When 
I approached him he said, " are you the Yank that's got the 
ring? " I said, " I have a ring." He said, "I want to buy one." 
I said, " I will sell this one." He looked at it and said, " what 
do you want for it?" I said, "one dollar in greenbacks, or 
twenty in Confederate money." He said, "I have no green- 
backs, but will give you twenty in Confederate money." He 
took out his money and counted it over, saying, " I have only 
sixteen dollars and sixt}^ cents here, I will go and' get the 



42 Twelve Months in Afidersojzville. 

rest." I said, " hand that to me, or the ring, until you come 
back with the rest." He handed me the Confederate money 
and started off, saying he would get the other three dollars 
and forty cents which he owed me. As yet, I never got the 
three dollars and forty cents, and should the fellow see these 
lines, and write to me, I will forgive the debt and send him a 
receipt in full of account. 

About the middle of the afternoon we started again. 
Eeached Columbia, South Carolina, that night. Traveled all 
night and all the next day, reaching Augusta about one hour 
before sunset. Here we crossed the Savannah River and got 
off the cars. It was Saturday, and we were put in to some 
cotton warehouses to remain over night, and also over Sunday 
and Sunday night. Here we received the best treatment 
accorded us on our trip. Our Virginia guards left us, and the 
guards here were old soldiers and treated us pretty fairly. A 
son of ex-Governor Hicks, of Maryland, was Provost Marshal 
of Augusta, and showed us considerable attention. It was my 
fortune to get hold of a paper here, and I learned that Sherman 
was pressing Johnson very hard, up at Marietta, and Governor 
Brown was talking of surrendering the state to Sherman, in 
order to save their property. It would have been the wisest 
thing he ever did, had he done so, but Davis was too 
much for him. Hence the destruction of life and property 
which followed. Monday morning we took the cars for Ander- 
sonville, there remaining no longer any doubt of our destina- 
tion. 

We arrived at Macon a little after daylight Tuesday 
morning. Here all the commissioned officers were taken from 
the train and left at a prison established for officers only. 
Captain Bebee, of my regiment, was left here, and about fifty 
other officers, among them a Brigadier General, whose name I 
have forgotten. The guards had been telling us what a nice 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 43 

place Andersonville was. They said it was a large tract of 
ground, surrounded by a board fence, having plenty of shade 
and tents, with a nice stream of water running through it. 
We began to think after all this is not so bad. About eleven 
o'clock we arrived at the station, were ordered off the cars, 
and formed in line in order to march to the stockade. When 
we arrived at the outer gate we were met by a Dutch Captain, 
who began to curse and swear at us, and said he would soon 
tame us. It was June 7th and very hot. We remained in line 
until we could be assigned to Hundreds and Divisions. While 
we were waiting, I was within a few feet of a tall pine tree. 
I thought I would step around it and get in the shade. When 
I got on the north side of the tree I could stand with my back 
against the tree, and set my foot in the sunshine. The tree 
did not cast a shadow at noon more than two feet, the sun 
being almost directly over us. You could stand with your face 
to the North and look up and see the sun at noon almost as 
well as you could with your face to the South. 

After we had been assigned to divisions and hundreds, we 
were taken inside of the stockade, it being about 1 o'clock. 
The stockade was crowded to its utmost capacity, there being 
over 20,000 men confined in a space of less than seventeen 
acres. We were perfectly amazed at the horrible sight that 
met our eyes. At every step we saw men prostrated by 
disease, men dying from neglect, men almost naked, men 
blackened by smoke, men begrimed by dirt. All the horrible 
sights of suffering humanity could here be seen in a few 
minutes time. After much crowding to make our way through 
this crowd, we finally found the hundred that we had been 
assigned to. After the rebel sergeant informed the sergeant 
of the hundred that we had been assigned to his hundred, 
he gave him our names, and proceeded to say to us that 
we could go anywhere in the stockade, but must be at 



44 Twelve Months iii Andersonville. 

this place at roll call, and at the time of issuing rations. 
There were no rations given us this day, having arrived too 
late, so "we were doomed to go very hungry the rest of the day. 
There being eight of my com])any, we were divided and four 
of us put in the 28th hundred and the other four in the 30th 
hundred. 

It was now necessary that we should look out a location 
where we could lay down when night came. "We traveled 
until almost dark before we could find a place that we could 
pre-empt. At last, when almost ready to give up, a young man 
from Maine said to iis, "you had better stop here by my place. 
This ground is used only when they haul in rations, and then 
you can put your traps up against my tent until they get 
through.'' We accepted the offer and pitched our tent. There 
was where my blanket came in good play. Four men and one 
blanket, one tin cup, one-half canteen, two spoons, one fork 
and one old jack-knife was our entire outfit. This piece of 
ground we held until the last of June, when the addition to the 
stockade was finished and we removed to new quarters. 



CHAPTEE V. 



The Horrors of Andersonville as Shown by the Official 
Eecords of the War Department — Heroism and Loy- 
alty of the Prisoners — Organization op the Eegula- 
tors — Fight with the Eaiders — An Execution in Prison. 

/ I \HAT my readers Biay form an idea of the deliberate 
J- cruelty of the Confederate Government in selecting 
this particular location for the stockade, I here add the testi- 
mony which I have copied from the official records on file at 
the War Department at Washington. This information was 
gained from a native of Georgia, a citizen of the vicinity at the 
time, and was brought out in the trial of Captain Wirz, after 
the war: 

"Andersonville is situated on a railroad running Noi-th and 
South between Macon and Americus, Ga. Four or five, strag- 
gling rough board structures, resting drowsily on the yellow 
sand west of the road, twenty or thirty people as vapid and 
rickety as the buildings. Such was Andersonville before the 
Confederacy made it synonymous with all that is cruel and 
brutal. West of the railroad and but a few dozen yards 
removed from it, are two marshes in which spewings of toads 
and reptiles and swamp ooze, decaying wood, weeds and rank 
grass are distilled into jDoison. The marshes are fifteen hun- 
dred feet apart — one above and one below the town. From 



46 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

the marshes the poison runs off in two leafy brown, sluggish 
currents, across the railroad track, and unite fourteen hundred 
feet east of it. From this confluence of poison the stream in 
lethargic floes, runs nearly due east between hills rising with 
gradual swell on either side until it is lost in the Little Sweet- 
water, less than a mile below. Five hundred yards from the 
confluence of the two little streams that ooze out of the marshes 
there is another marsh. Around this the Andersonville prison 
pen was constructed. As finally completed, the pen is an 
oblong, 780x1620 feet. The stream creeps through its narrow- 
est part about one hundred feet south of the center. 

" General Winder superintended the building of " the pen." 
When he began, in December, 1863, the marsh and the hills 
that rise on either side of it were clothed with heavy timber. 
The people of the surrounding country came to look on. The 
whole population of Americus, a little town a few miles below, 
were on tijDtoe of excitement. " Got so many Yank's, don't 
know what to do with thej^'uns all. Gwin ter build a prison 
at Anderson," so the people said. Among those who went to 
see was Ambrose Spencer, a resident of Americus. When he 
arrived negroes were digging a long trench, other negroes 
were felling trees, others again were hewing their sides. 
"What are these for?" said Spencer. Winder looked at him 
and said: "What, the trees hewed on two sides?" "Yes," 
said Spencer. Winder said, " we put one end in the ground 
in that trench, the hewed sides close together, then pack dirt 
about them. The result will be a close pen with walls twenty 
feet high." Spencer said, " Are you going to erect barracks or 
shelter of any kind?" "No, the dratted Yank's who will be 
put here will have no need for them." " Why, then, are you 
cutting down the trees. They will prove a shelter to the pris- 
oners from the heat of the sun at least." " That is just why I 
am cutting them down. I am going to build a j)en here that 



Twelve Months in Aiidersonville. 47 

will kill more Yank's than can be destroyed in the front. 
That marsh in the center of the pen will help kill them mighty 
fast." "But why," said Spencer, "don't you put the pen 
below or above the marsh?" "I don't want to," said Winder. 
" There is the Little Sweetwater five feet deep and twenty feet 
wide, not five hundred feet from where you are putting the 
pen, and not a marsh on it. Why don't you put the prison 
there?" " This is better." "You could go below the marsh 
and take in both creeks, Little Sweetwater and this Double 
Bi'anch run." "Yes, we could." "Then they would have an 
abundance of water for cooking, bathing, every purpose, and 
good healthy ground." "Yes." " Why in the world don't you 
put the pen there?" "This suits us better." "It looks like 
you wanted to kill them." "Yes, kill the miserable Yank's. 
Better that than have them in the front shooting our boys." 
Spencer went away, the construction progressed, the pen was 
completed, the marsh lay a festering sore in its center. Then 
came the captives, 800 first from New Hampshire, Connecticut 
and Michigan, weary, worn and hungry, from prolonged travel 
cooped up like beasts in freight cars. Down from the dej)ot 
they marched wearily on through the shifting sands amid the 
jeers and taunts of a gaping crowd. The gate opened. The 
stockade swallowed them. Then they saw walls of pine, a 
slimy brown creek six feet wide and five inches deep, strug- 
gling through the soft mud, and a waste of yellow sand dotted 
with huge stumps. And there were no buildings, no sheds, no 
tents, no shelter, no concealment from pelting storms ; no 
screen from the blazing sun. That was the 15th day of Feb- 
ruary, 1864. "A desert," cried one. Wait — a desert is mercy 
to this. The volume of captives swelled ; the heroic plucked 
from the front of battle; the daring tricked by guerrillas; the 
devoted who sacrificed liberty to save a brigade or a division 
of an army. They rolled into the pen, a continuous stream of 



48 Twelve Mo7tths in Anderso7iville. 

captive litimanity. The deadly dews drenched them. The 
lightnings flashed in their unscreened faces. Hungry, emaci- 
ated and torn with pain, shelterless, tattered and naked, the 
pitiless storms beat down upon them and they froze. The fierce 
rays of the tropical sun followed the storm, and they consumed. 
Human ingenuity exhausted itself; they made storm covers of 
blankets and of coa^s. They burrowed in the ground. The 
storm pursued them, searched them out, penetrated them. 
The eight hundred became more than thirty thousand. The 
Confederate guards camped on the stream that flowed through 
the stockade. The water flowed from their camp to that of 
the prisoners. It was morbific at first. The Confederates 
camped on it and it became virulently sceptic. The soil was 
saturated with their garbage, their offal, and their filth. The 
storm is a scavenger and a creek is a sewer. The scavenger 
swept the excrement, the washings of rottenness of carrion, of 
compost, down through the stockade. It was bilge water 
nastified. Hideous spume. The creek was a serpent, breath- 
ing death, its mouth full of corrosive poison. The earth and 
the air — boundless creation — was full of life giving water, and 
thirty thousand Union prisoners were condemned to drink of 
Double Branch. Double Branch was a Confederate execu- 
tioner. Then came the morass. A morass is an infinity 
of craters, ejecting pestilent vapors. Slime and green scum 
were already upon the morass in the stockade. The scaven- 
ger — the storm — carried down upon it the sewage of the pen. 
It permeated it, became a mass of putrifaction. Out of 
putridity came a loathsome life — maggots. And the hot sun 
was uj)on it all. The earth abhors nastiness. It flings it off 
in effluvium. The subtile, noisome exhalation loaded the air. 
Then came scurvy, that is born out of storm and exposure and 
want of proper food. Faces puffed. Syncope from slight exer- 
tion followed, with weak vision, blindness and inability to 



Twelve Months in A7idersonville. 49 

sleep ; then dysentery. Old sores opened. Broken bones that 
had united came apart and grated together within the \)o(ij. 
Horrible music ! Mouths and throats and bodies ulcerated. 
Teeth loosened and fell out. Gums, nostrils, bronchial tubes, 
and intestines poured out streams of oifensive blood. Limbs 
rotted off. Worms devoured living bodies. The fetid breath 
of disease aggravated the noisome exhalation from the creek 
and the morass. Poisoned by the earth, poisoned by the air, 
poisoned by the water, tormented with vermin, irritated by 
gnats, mosquitoes and winged ants, devoured by maggots, 
blackened with smoke, befouled by mud, with matted hair, 
shelterless in the midst of mills and lumber piles, thirsting 
for water, with limpid streams but a few yards away, perish- 
ing for fuel, while boundless forests nodded to them from the 
surrounding hills, rotting for vegetables, while potatoes blos- 
somed and corn tasseled before their eyes, goaded to madness 
by brutality, writhing in helpless impotence under taunts and 
jeers and murderings, perishing by hundreds, by thousands, 
with death marching by their side — a putrid horror living and 
dying — these martyrs stood firm and to the end. The shat- 
tered fragment of the wreck never faltered in their devotion to 
the American Union." 

We had been in the stockade but a few days until the 
Eegulators were organized. From our location on the north 
side of the branch we had a pretty good view of the j)rison on 
the south side, the banks on the north being steeper and 
higher, which gave us a good opportunity to see what was 
going on. We could see the south gate where the prisoners 
were brought in and where the dead were taken out, and we 
could also see the teams hauling the dead away from the dead 
house, from this place. The Eegulators were organized to 
keep order inside of the stockade, to enforce certain rules, and 

to prevent murder and robbery. There were a lot of men from 

4 



50 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

the large cities who had made a profession of bounty jumping, 
and had either deserted or were taken prisoners. These 
fellows had formed themselves into a kind of organization and 
made a regular business of robbing other prisoners of their 
blankets, or anything they had. They became so bold that 
they were a regular terror to the other prisoners, and no one 
seemed secure who had a blanket or anything of value. They 
were always trying to gain favor with the rebel officers, and 
would report any plot that was made to escape. Would report 
all tunnels that the boys were digging. By so doing they could 
secure some favors from the rebels. The better class of pris- 
oners saw that something must be done to stop this, hence the 
Eegulators. The Regulators were organized in companies and 
officers appointed over them. Every man mustered into these 
companies promised to obey the officers selected. The officers 
were mostly western men, and the Regulators were armed 
with a club about 14 inches long, with one end larger than the 
other. To this club was attached a string at the small end, 
and this string was fastened around the man's wrist. When 
all was ready, the chief, whose name was Leroy L. Key, of the 
16th Illinois cavalry, sought an interview with Captain Wirz, 
and obtained permission to arrest the Raiders, (that was the 
name they went by), and Wirz said he would furnish a guard 
to guard the men that were arrested. All being ready, the 
order was given to commence operations. The Regulators went 
for the big tent where the headquarters of the Raiders were. 
About one hundred of the Raiders were in line and ready for 
the boys. The Regvilators moved up in good order, and when 
they were close up to them the Raiders wanted to know what 
they wanted. They said, " Sergeant Key wants you to go out- 
side." Then the Raiders said, "do you think we will go?" 
The answer came from a hundred throats, " yes." "Well we 
are not going, and you can't take us." "Well," said a little 



Twelve Mo7iths 171 Andersonville. 51 

IrishmaB, " we will be after trying about as hard as any set of 
fellows in these parts." By this time the two lines were within 
a few feet of each other, when a big fellow made a dive for one 
of the Eegulators. This was the signal to commence and as 
nice a little battle as one could wish to see resulted. The Reg- 
ulators beat the Raiders with their clubs for a few minutes, and 
it was hard to tell who would come out best. Thousands of 
men were watching the fight. At last the Raiders gave way, 
and tried to escape, but would be set upon by a lot of Regula- 
tors, and would have to give up. There were many broken 
heads in this melee. As fast as one of the Raiders was arrested 
he was taken outside of the stockade, where Wirz had a guard 
ready, and put in an old house and strictly guarded. There 
was a great deal of fighting for the next three or four days 
until all the leaders of the Raiders were captured and taken 
out. Then Sergeant Key organized a court and tried them. 
They had a fair trial and six of them were condemned to 
death. The proceedings and findings of the court were sent to 
General Winder who approved of the findings and sentence, 
which were carried out on the 11th of July. The lawyer who 
acted as prosecuting attorney was sergeant Higgins, of my 
hundred. He was from Illinois, and a very fine young man, 
and for the manner in which he conducted the trial he was 
sent to our lines. Well do I remember when he came in and 
bade us a last farewell. I saw the tears roll down his cheeks 
as he said, " I hate to leave you here, but I can do you no good 
by staying." He had been a prisoner over twelve months and 
his health was poor. Said he, " I can not live much longer in 
here and I will go and do all I can to get an exchange." 

It was several days after the trial before it was known 
what the sentences of the Raiders were, and it was rumored 
one day that they would be put back in the stockade. This 
caused a great deal of uneasiness, as it was expected things 



52 Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 

would be worse than before. About 2 o'clock, one day, the 
word was received that all the Euiders would be turned back 
into the stockade, but six of the leaders, who had been con- 
demned to be hung. The Regulators were called out and 
formed in two parallel lines from the gate up the street and 
about eight feet apart. This was done to punish the Raiders 
who had not been condemned to be hung. They were let into 
the stockade one at a time and told that they had to run the 
gauntlet. So they would start to run, and as they did the 
Regulators rained blows on their heads, backs, arms, and many 
of them were badly hurt and some killed. By this time it was 
apparent that the Regulators were much the strongest and 
were well organized, and it was getting unhealthy to be caught 
stealing, and things began to be more quiet in the prison. On 
July 11th the gate opened and some timber was brought in on 
the south side of the stockade and some carpenters went to 
work to erect a gallows to hang the six raiders. This was 
soon noised over the prison and created much excitement. 
The friends of the Raiders said they never should be hung. 
It was generall}^ expected that there would be a general row 
when they were brought in. A companj^ of the Regulators 
were ordered on duty and were placed around the carj)enters. 
By noon they had the gallows finished. Everybody was 
anxious to know what the result would be. At last the gates 
opened and in they came, Wirz rode a white horse ; behind 
him walked the fiaithful old priest reading the Service for the 
condemned. The six doomed men followed, walking between 
double ranks of rebel guards. All came inside of the hollow 
square and halted. Wirz then said, "Briziners, I return to 
you dese men, so goot as I got dem. You haf tried dem your- 
selves and found dem guilty. I haf had notting to do wit it, 
I vash my hands of eferyting connected wit dem. Do wit 
dem as you like and may Gott haf mercy on you and on dem. 
Garts, about face. Vorwarts, march." After Wirz left the 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 53 

stockade, Key and bis assistants went about tbe preparation as 
fast as they could. One of tbe condemned said, "You do not 
intend to bang us do you." " Tbat is about tbe size of it," said 
Key. Tbey were soon ordered to mount tbe scaflPold, wbicb 
they did, when the ropes were adjusted about their necks, when 
Key said, " Two minutes to tallc." This time was improved by 
them in giving instructions to their friends as to what disposi- 
tion to make of certain property which they had stolen. Key 
said, "time up." At this there were meal sacks drawn over 
their faces and the. men jumped to the ground. Then Key 
raised bis band and said, "all right." At this signal, the props 
were pulled out from under the scaffold, and five of them were 
left swinging. The rope broke with tbe sixth man and be fell. 
Some of tbe Regulators went to him and discovered that he 
was not dead. Tbe sack was pulled from bis bead and water 
thrown in his face, wbicb soon restored him to consciousness. 
" Limber Jim " went about fixing up tbe platform. When all 
was ready, and a stouter rope had been secured. Limber Jim 
picked him up and placed him on the scaffold. He begged to 
be saved. Limber Jim was in no mood for that, for this same 
fellow bad killed Limber Jim's brother some time before. He 
was soon swung off, and they were left banging until life was 
extinct, when tbey were cut down and tbe sacks removed from 
their faces. Tbe Regulators formed in two lines, and all tbe pris- 
oners who wanted to, marched j)ast and viewed their remains. 
Tbe names tbey gave were as follows : John Sarsfield, 144th 
N. Y. ; William Collins, alias Mosby, Co. D., 88th Pennsyl- 
vania; Charles Curtis, Co. A., 5tb Rhode Island Artillery; 
Patrick Delaney, Co. E., 83rd Pennsylvania; A. Muir, United 
States Navy; Terrence Sullivan, 72nd IS.. Y. It was generally 
believed, however, that these names were fictitious, as tbey 
were understood to be "bouut}" -jumpers," enlisting for lai'ge 
sums of money, and remaining with no regiment after a chance 
was ffiven them to desert. 



CHAPTEE VI. 



Organization of a Prison Police — Shooting Down Prisoners 
— Short Eations and Scarcity of Water — Condition of 
Prisoners when Turned into the Stockade — Our Na- 
tional Holiday in Prison— Modes of Punishment — The 
Miraculous Spring. 



(a)i 



'FTER the hanging of the six men, it was apparent to all 
jL\. that it was necessary to have a regular police to preserve 
order, so a regular system was organized. Key was made 
Chief of Police, but owing to the active part he had taken in 
the hanging of the six raiders, it was thought best that he 
should take a parole and go out on detail duty, as the Eaiders 
were determined to avenge the death of their leader. Key 
sought and obtained a parole outside. Sergeant A. R. Hill, of 
the 100th Ohio, was made Chief in his place. Hill first came to 
notice on Belle Island, where he had an altercation with one 
Jack Oliver, of the 19th Indiana. Jack was a powerful man 
and thought it was his duty to thrash everybody on the Island. 
He got into a fuss with one of Hill's mess, and, as usual, pro- 
ceeded to give him a thrashing, when Hill interfered and 
knocked Jack down, giving him a tremendous thrashing. 
Ever after this Hill was considered one of the best men in the 
prison. He was not quarrelsome but was very firm in his 
judgment, and was considered very fair in all his decisions. 



Twelve Months hi Andersonville. 55 

Jack Oliver died a few mouths after he weut to Andersouville. 
As I said, we were on the north side of the branch and 
close to the north gate. The path that led from the north side 
to the south side was close to the dead line, and where it 
crossed the branch was where we got the water we drank. At 
this place many of the boys were killed. This was about the 
way it was brought about. The stream was so small that it 
was very easy riled up, and in order to get a little j^ure water 
the next fellow would reach up the stream a little farther, and 
so on, until they would reach beyond the dead line, when the 
guard would fire at them without any notice, and it as often 
happened that some one else was hit as the one that was get- 
ting water, owing to the crowded condition of the pen. Just on 
the north side of this little stream was a " guard's perch," and ■ 
it was said, and was never denied by the rebels, that every 
guard that shot a prisoner was allowed a furlough for thirty 
days. Hence they were very watchful, and this being a favor- 
able post, owing to the men coming here for water,* many were 
shot down at this point. I have stood on the bank and 
watched the guard at this post for hours, to see how eager he 
would be to get a shot at some poor, unfortunate prisoner. 
They would cock their guns, raise them to their faces ready to 
fire at the very slightest pretence of the prisoners getting over 
the dead line. The little board had got broken oif the stakes 
at this place so you could. not tell exactly where the line was. 
Many new prisoners coming in were killed here, not knowing 
that they were violating any rule whatever. It was terribly 
interesting to see how the eyes of the guard would flash when 
he thought he would get a good shot. There was no excuse for 
this. It was nothing but cold-blooded murder, premeditated 
from day to day, by these curses who were too low down 
in the scale to be classed with the human family. 

Our rations consisted at first of mush, made of corn meal 



56 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

ground, not bolted, no salt, and of this we got for one day's 
rations about one quart, and a small piece of meat. Often this 
mush had soured before it was given to us. Occasionally we 
would get about one-half pint of peas. Every pea had from 
one to one-half dozen bugs in it. This was our rations for 
several days after we went in the pen. Then they gave us 
corn bread, which was much better than the mush, and occa- 
sionally we would get a little molasses. The weather was des- 
perately hot. Many of the men fell sick in a few days and 
could not eat such food. To make matters worse, they had 
made the cook house over the stream just outside of the 
stockade and when they had cooked the meat they would let 
the water out in the branch and it would be covered with 
grease. This was all the chance we had for water for several 
weeks. The mortality was fearful, as high as one hundred 
and twenty-five would die in twenty-four hours. Go where 
you would, you could see men dying. Hundreds and thous- 
ands were tmrned in this pen without blankets, tent, cup or 
anything in the line of cooking utensils. Many came in here 
bareheaded, barefooted and almost naked, having been robbed 
of their clothing by their captors. The rebels never seemed to 
think that we needed anything of the kind. The boj^s of my 
regiment were put in different hundreds, yet we managed to 
see each other every day, or nearly so. Of my company, four 
of us remained together until September. We got four little 
sticks upon which we would spread our blanket dui-ing the 
day. This offered us a little shade, and at night we would take 
it down and spread it over us, having nothing to lay upon but 
the bare ground. During the month of June and up to the 
10th of July, it rained almost every day. Then the sun would 
come out and the heat would be fearful. The skin on the 
men's bare backs would raise up in great blisters and make 
running sores. These sores would be covered with great big 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 57 

green files. Soon you could see those sores full of maggots, 
then the gangrene would set in, and death soon followed. In 
this manner hundreds died. Many soon got the scurvy, and 
then it soon run to the dropsy. I have seen hundreds of men 
with their ankles swelled to three or four times their natural 
size. Their legs would puff up until they seemed transparent. 
To make things worse there was no arrangement made for the 
men to attend the calls of nature. They would crowd up to the 
little stream as near as they could, but it soon became so filthy 
that you could not sit within three or four rods of the stream. 
Eeader, let your imagination take in the situation. Thirty 
thousand men, all of them having the diarrhoea, and all must 
go to attend the calls of nature, and that on as limited a space 
as one acre of ground. What condition do you think it would 
be in in the course of two or three months? Do you think 
you would like to be compelled to breathe this kind of an 
atmosphere? This is not all. Hundreds who were too sick to 
go to this place would dig out little holes in the ground and 
use them until almost full when they would fill them with dirt. 
Thousands of such holes were inside the pen; then there 
would come a rain. The hot sun, the thermometer ranging up 
to as high as one hundred and twenty and even forty. Now 
how would you like to lay down in this place and take a sleep ? 
How would you like to take your breakfast in this pleasant 
parlor where you could look in any direction from you and see 
dead men and men dying ? Don't you think this would be a 
pleasant place to have a picnic or the Fourth of July celebra- 
tion? Well, I celebrated the Fourth of July in this pen in 
1864, and the surroixndings were much worse than I have 
described them, as language fails me, and no man will ever be 
able to write it as it should be written. Many stout men 
would come in here and, after looking at the horrible condition 
of things, would sicken and die inside of ten or twelve days. 



58' Twelve Months in Ajidersonville. 

As for myself, I was very stout, and 1 determined if it was 
possible that I would live through it. I did not want to give 
the curses the satisfaction of seeing me carried out dead. I 
took all the exercise and precaution I could that I might beat 
them in the end, and thanks to the Supreme Ruler, I got out 
of this living hell. But when I think of the many brave boys 
who perished there, I feel very sad, as there was no just cause 
for this inhuman treatment. 

No, our misery was not due to the inability of the rebels 
to provide for us comfortably. It was deliberately planned by 
that arch traitor, Jeff. Davis, and his subordinates. May God 
have more mercy on their souls than they showed to the poor, 
heljDless and starved Union prisoners who surrendered their 
lives — the victims of their damnable cruelty — in this horrible 
place of confinement. 

In this chapter I will tell the rebel mode of punishing the 
prisoners. I have often been asked why more of the jDrisoners 
did not try to make their escape. Every 400 men made a 
division. Over this division there was a sergeant appointed to 
take charge of the men, and he was held responsible for his 
division. Over ever}^ hundred was a sergeant appointed, 
whose business it was to see that all his men answered to roll 
call, draw rations, make details to look after the sick, carry out 
the dead, bring in wood, etc. He was held personally resjDon- 
sible for his hundred. For instance. A man was detailed to 
go after wood, and while outside of the stockade made his 
escape. The sergeant of his hundred would be punished for 
his offence. This way of dealing kept many a prisoner from 
trying to get away. Sometimes the rebels would punish the 
entire hundred by cutting off their rations for a day. No 
prisoner wanted a man put in the stocks, or one hundred men 
to go without anything to eat for twenty-four hours, on ac- 
count of his offence. You can see at once that the rebels hit" 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 59 

upon a pretty good plaB to keep the men from trying to 
escape. 

During this month, I think it was in January, while I 
belonged to the tenth hundred, the sergeant was one of those 
good-natured fellows, and I think, strictly honest. While a 
detail of his hundred was out after wood, one cold, raw, damp 
day, a prisoner tried to make his escape. As soon as it was 
found out, the rebels sent in for the sergeant, who was taken 
out and put in the stocks. He was kept in the stocks four 
days, until the fellow who had tried to escape was returned. 
I saw him while he was in the stocks. He said to me, " this is 
getting worse than death, but I will try and stand it." He was 
lying flat on his back, or rather on his shoulders, his feet 
about two feet high, with his ankles securely fastened in the 
stocks, on the cold, damp ground. He was compelled to lie in 
this position for flaur days. At night they would release him 
and bring him into the stockade as soon as roll-call was over. 
In the morning he would be taken out and fastened as de- 
scribed. Remember he was not the only one that was put in 
the stocks. There were hundreds who were punished in this 
way. The sergeant of my hundred did not live long after he 
was released. Having taken a severe cold, he soon sickened 
and died. You see there are not many men who would try to 
escape, knowing that the innocent would have to suffer on 
their account. Some one might say, "how could the rebels tell 
when one tried to escape." Usually ten men went out of 
a hundred. After they got through the stockade on the outside 
they formed in line, the number of the hundred given, and the 
men counted by a rebel officer stationed at the gate foi- that pur- 
pose. After all were counted, about six or eight guards would 
accompany the squad after the wood. When they returned, all 
were halted at the gate and re-counted. If a man was missing, 
the officers were notified at once. There was no chance of get- 



60 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

ting away while out on detail duty without some one getting 
punished. 

Towards the last of June the prison was crowded terribly. 
The rebels seeing the stockade was not hirge enough to hold 
the pi-isoners, had been at work on an addition, which was 
finished about the first of July. This addition gave us plenty 
of room for a time. As soon as it was open and the order 
given to go inside of it, my squad did not lose any time in get- 
ting there. We made our way to nearly the center of the new 
addition, where the most of my regiment took up quarters. 
We got a pretty good j^lace and secured some brush and wood 
enough to last us for several days. We now suffered the most 
for water. While we were near the branch, we used to 
scoop out little holes near the edge of the marsh and 
by watching close we could get a little water, although 
every night the holes would fill with from one dozen to 
five times that many maggots in them, as the earth near the 
branch was covered with maggots. But we soon got used to 
them, and would scoop them out, and in an hour or two there 
would be enough water to give us a drink. Being removed 
from those places we could not watch them, so we were com- 
pelled to use the water from the branch. Close to where we 
lay in the new stockade were some marines who had been 
captured and Avere allowed to bring in some of their traps. 
They had a small rope which they thought they would use to 
assist them to haul the dirt out of a well which they proposed 
to dig. They commenced to dig their well and continued it 
over forty feet deep with no signs of water. There were sev- 
eral wells 'dug at different places without any better success. 
The marines, about this time, camped near the brow of the hill 
on the north side of the branch. Suddenly the ground began 
to get damp and soon became so damp that the men staying 
there had to remove their quarters. In a few days, water 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. ^ 61 

began to trickle down the side of the hill. There was a young 
fellow who had been outside and had picked up a piece of 
bark, which he rolled up and formed into a trough or spout. 
This he placed where the water seemed to come out the 
strongest, raising the lower end until you could set a cup 
or hold a canteen under it. A small stream of water began 
running all the time. This stream grew stronger from day to 
day, until it got to be a large sj^ring and afforded plenty of 
water for the entire prison. Manj^ prisoners will remember 
how we used to form a line and take our turn to get water, 
and how they would cry out, " look out for flankers." This 
was while the stream was small and required several minutes 
to fill a canteen. The rule was, if any one fell out of line and 
ran ahead to get a chance, ho was compelled to go to the rear 
of the line. This gave all an equal opportunity to get water. 
I often stood in the line for one hour to get a chance at the 
spring. After the spring was an assured fact, the rebels 
caused boxes to be made about fourteen inches wide and about 
the same depth, and fourteen feet long, which they placed at 
the spring, commencing at the branch, placing the first one 
with just sufiicient fall to carry off the water. The end of 
the second one was placed on the end of the first, the other 
end extending up the hill, and so on until six or eight of these 
boxes were so placed and afforded plenty of water for the 
entire stockade, and of a good quality. This sj^ring is still 
running to this day. After this we had no more trouble for 
water. You can call this a miracle, or what you please. We 
were satisfied with the water without asking any questions. 
There were more than one dozen wells on that side of the 
branch, dug out from 40 to 60 feet deep, without getting any 
water. 

Poor Charlej'' Weibel, my partner, had fallen sick with 
the diarrhea and rheumatism. He could not walk a step. 



62 Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 

This was very annoying to him and he fretted over his mis- 
fortune very much. Soon another of the mess, Luther Eob- 
bins, now of Huntington, fell sick, but after a time he got able 
to walk around, and finally got back to God's country. Weibel 
never got any better but gradually grew worse from day to 
day, until death ended his sufferings. 



CHAPTEE VII. 



Efforts to Escape — Tunneling — Tattooing a Traitor — Plan 
TO Force the Stockade — Wirz Informed of the Plot — 
Carrying Out the Dead — Thoughts of Home — How We 
Learned of the Capture of Atlanta — A Night of Great 
Excitement. 

'S it was useless to try to escape while out on detail it 
became necessary to try other means. So tunneling 
was resorted to. In order to tunnel we were compelled to dig 
downward at least five feet to get under the stockade. Tun- 
nels were usually started as though you were going to dig 
a well. Then you would start at right angles and keep on a 
level as near as possible. The tunnels were from fifty to sev- 
enty-five feet long, and men would work in them day and 
night. During the day the dirt would be hauled back into the 
well, and at night it would be carried out and scattered around 
or put in any little dej^r^ession and covered up with top-soil so 
as not to attract the notice of the guards in the day time. It 
would take several days to complete these tunnels. Now the 
great trouble was that some of the raider crowd would inform 
on you, and the leaders of the tunnel would be taken out and 
punished, and the tunnel broken in without any one making 
his escape. Whenever any certain set of persons had made 
up their minds to dig a tiinnel, thej^ would try to keep it a 



64 Twelve Months in Aftdersonville. 

secret, yet these fellows would find out many of them and 
report the same to the rebels. It began to be discouraging to 
try to get out that way, although there were parties at work 
all the time digging. Another troiible was that the rebels sent 
in some of their own men, disguised as prisoners, to watch for 
tunnel diggers. One day quite a commotion was noticed in the 
prison. It was soon learned that a large tunnel had been 
almost completed and some one had reported the boys and they 
were taken out for punishment. Some one suggested that the 
fellows who were suspected of giving the information be pun- 
ished. So several of them were caught and had one side of 
their heads shaved as close as it could be done, when they were 
let up and had to run the gauntlet. This was pretty severe 
punishment. One fellow was caught close to where I was 
stopping, and there seemed to be no doubt of his guilt. Among 
the fellows that he had rej)orted was an old sailor, who was 
very mad at not having an opportunity of going through the 
tunnel and at least making the attempt to get to God's country. 
He jDrojDosed that they put a mark on the fellow that all might 
know who he was. The old sailor understood the art of tat- 
tooing with India ink, and having a supply with him, said to 
the boys, " Lay him on the ground a while till I mark him." He 
was laid on the ground, while some held his feet, others his 
hands, and the old sailor took his head between his knees and 
began operations by picking a large letter "T" on his fore- 
head, the stem, or large part of the " T " running down his 
nose. The sailor, like all other sailors, used tobacco pretty 
freely, and as his work proceeded he would stop and deliver a 
well directed shot of spittal on the fellow's forehead, which he 
would rub over the part he was at work on. After he had 
finished his work the fellow was let up, and there was a large 
letter " T," that could be seen for several rods away. He was 
then compelled to run the gauntlet. He made for the gate 



Twelve Months in Andersonvilie. 65 

and "^as taken out. It was soon understood that lie was a rebel 
who had been sent in to watch the prisoners and report tunnel 
digging. Soon a guard came in and took the old sailor out 
with some of the other boys and put them in the stocks, but 
did not keep them there long, and when the old sailor came in 
he remarked that that fellow had a mark he would not lose 
this side of the grave, and said some more fellows would get 
the same kind of treatment if they did not stojj their meddling 
with other people's business. From the trouble experienced 
in trj^ing to get out by tunneling, the case seemed hopeless. 
Enemies without and enemies within. What should next be 
done ? By this time there were thousands of good able-bodied 
men, captured in the spring campaign, who had not become 
reduced much and who were anxious to be outside. There was 
a plan proposed to force the stockade, and this seemed to meet 
with the apj)roval of all the prisoners that were let into the 
secret. They then commenced to form companies. Fifty men 
Averc to form a company, and every man had to take a solemn 
oath to obey the officers appointed over them. The work of 
organization progressed nicely, and everything seemed to be 
working well. Men were detailed to dig tunnels to the stock- 
ade and then to follow along the stockade for twelve or fifteen 
feet, hollowing out the ground, so that when the time came to 
make the break by running against the stockade it could easily 
be pushed down. There were several of the tunnels prepared, 
or nearly so. When the time came the men were all to 
rush against those places and push the stockade down, and 
through these gaps the men were to rush out and try and cap- 
ture the star fort, which had twelve guns. It was thought this 
could be done before they could fire more than one round. 
There were companies of artillerymen organized to take 
charge of the guns who were to turn them on the rebel camp. 
The other companies were to overpower the guards and take 



66 Twelve Alonihs in Andersonville. 

their guns from them. It was supposed that the guards would 
throw down their guns, as most of them were young men and 
conscripts. After once getting outside and capturing the 
guards we were to form and make our way to Florida. It was 
certain then we would have at least twenty-five thousand good 
effective men. With this army we could drive everything 
before us. We meant to take all the teams that we could find 
on the march. The j^risoners would reason that Sherman was 
holding Johnson so that he could not spare any of his troops, 
neither could Lee, nor could they spare ti-oops enough from 
any point to cope with such a force. It was reasonable 
enough to suppose that our plans would have been successful 
could we have made the attempt. A few days before the break 
was to be made, Caj^t. Wirz sent in and ai-rested our leader and 
we never heard of him afterwards. I think his name was 
Wilson, and he was from New York. He was a cool and brave 
man. As soon as Wilson was taken out Wirz sent in for all 
the Sergeants of hundreds to report to the gate, which they 
did. He took them outside and informed them that he had 
been apprised of the plot for some time and had taken exti"a 
pi-ecautions to guard against it. Said he: " Should you have 
made the attempt, you could not have forced the stockade, as I 
have caused it to be so braced that you could not have forced 
it, and you would have caused thousands of deaths, as I should 
have opened on the stockade Avith every gun I could have 
bi'ought to bear on it." And we had good reasons to believe 
that he would have done so. Thus this plan all came to 
naught. 

As soon as the Sergeants were returned to the stockade, 
Wii'z sent in some men who hoisted a line of poles across the 
stockade with a strip of cloth on them and issued orders that 
if there should collect fifty or more men in one mass between 
the poles and dead line, he would conclude that they had a 



Twelve Mo7iths in A7idersonville. 67 

design on the stockade and should open on them with grape 
shot. As this plan had fallen through, we turned our atten- 
tion to other matters for a few days. 

I was detailed one morning to help carry out a dead man. 
We got to the gate where we found several others waiting for 
it to open. We laid the dead man down and had to stand 
around him. The sand was very loose and dry. I was in my 
bare feet, and while standing here in the sand, the gray-backs 
would crawl over our feet as if you had put your foot in an ant 
hill. There was a large space around the gate that was used 
for the examination of the sick, and they would be brought 
here by their friends and laid on the ground until they could 
be examined. The dead also would be laid here for some time, 
and the lico would crawl over the ground. It was literally 
alive with gray -backs. 

All the news we could get from outside was from the new 
arrivals, or "fresh fish," as Ave called them. Whenever a new 
lot of prisoners were seen coming, they would be asked by the 
old prisoners for the news. Everybody wanted to know what 
the prospect was for exchange. As a general thing they learned 
but little about an exchange. Occasionally some one would 
come in and make the statement that a few days before 
his capture he saw in the New York Herald or Balti- 
more American the statement that there had been an agree- 
ment made whereby all prisoners were to be exchanged, 
and he had no doubt but what, in a few weeks at farthest, we 
would all be out of the pen. If he had no doubt at the time 
he made the statement, it is fair to sujjpose he had many doubts 
before we were released. The Branch was a good j^lace 
to go for news. As all could go there, you were free to visit it 
almost any time and engage with the boys in conversation, 
either relating the part they had played or how they came to 



68 Twelve Months in Andersonvilte. 

be gobbled up. Every soldier thought he belonged to the best 
branch of the service, and had the best and bravest officers. 

One of the most trying and aggravating things that a 
prisoner had to endure was to hear boys and men tell what 
good victuals they used to have at home, and what good times 
they would have when they got back. They would begin this 
way : First boy would say, " I know my ma can beat the 
world to make good light biscuits. I tell you they would 
almost melt in your mouth." Second boy: "I tell you my 
ma was lightning on buckwheat cakes ; oh, how I wish I had 
some of them instead of this everlasting corn meal." No one 
knows what effect this kind of talk would have on a fellow 
until he is starved as we were. Go w-herc you would you 
could hear this kind of talk, and they would keep it \\\) until 
some one would bawl out, "Stop that racket. You know it is 
not allowed in this glorious Sunnj^ South." 

The fate of Sherman's Army, then on its triumphant 
march to the sea, was a matter of which we were extremely 
solicitous. Few prisoners were received after the month of 
July, and although our hopes Avere high, our apprehensions 
were of the gravest character. The defeat of Stoneman's Cav- 
alry, with the loss of its commander, and a considerable num- 
ber of his men, followed by the defeat of our infantry at 
Etowah Creek, had a very depressing effect. Such news as we 
received came at long intervals, general!}- through rebel 
sources, and always colored to suit themselves. To show the 
officers that they were attending to duty, the guards in the 
stockade perches called the number of their posts and the time 
every half-hour. The formula was as follows : " Post num- 
ber , half-past ten o'clock, and all is well." This was 

repeated until it had made the rounds, when silence would 
attain prevail. One night our ears were startled by the call 
from one of the perches, "Post number four, half-past eight 



Twelve MojitJis in Andersonville. 69 

o'clock, and Atlanta's gone to h — 1 ! '' Every prisoner in the 
stockade, apparently, heard the call. Our astonishment at this 
announcement may be imagined. Every heart took courage, 
and in an instant the prison was a scene of great rejoicing. 
Cheers followed cheers. The sick were made almost well by 
the glad news, the strong leaped for joy, and the hand- 
shaking and hurrahing was indescribable. Atlanta was won, 
Sherman's army was safe, and we almost felt that we were once 
again with the loved ones of our JSTorthern homes. Sleep was 
banished from our eyes. You could hear patriotic songs all 
over the prison. I believe Boston Corbet and some others 
organized a praise meeting. The "Star Spangled Banner" 
was sung, " Eally Eound the Flag, Bo^'s," and " Tramp, 
Tramp, we are Marching." The most of the night was sj^ent 
in this manner until the men actually became hoarse from 
cheering and singing. So great was the excitement that the 
rebels became alarmed lest we should make a dash on the 
stockade and a grand rush for freedom. The guards were 
placed under arms, and not until exhausted nature forced us to 
rest, were they withdrawn. It was a night never to bo forgot- 
ten by any comrade in Andersonville. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Promised Exchange — Death of My Partner — Trans- 
ferred TO Savannah Deceiving the Prisoners — 

Improved Prison Fare— Futile Attempts at Tunnel 
Digging — The Story of the Arrest of the Commander 
AT Savannah as a Kebel Spy— His Death at Fort 
Delaware. 



C\) FEW days 
J_ jL rebel 8erfi:( 



^s later, early in the month of September, the 
[•geants who called the roll visited the stockade, 
and each addressing his squad, stated that a general exchange 
had been agreed upon. They said that United States vessels 
were then at Savannah waiting for the prisoners, and that 
twenty thousand men would at once be sent to that place, ten 
detachments to leave the following morning. As stated, the 
first detachment left in the morning, but as my hundred was 
not included, I had to w^ait a few days. 1 took my station the 
next morning near the gate, and soon the column that was 
ordered out began to move. I never saw men so rejoiced as 
they wei'c. Some could hardly walk, others had to hobble 
along with the assistance of a stick, but all seemed cheerful, 
and you could hear from all sides, " We will soon be in Grod's 
country." The long column soon passed out of the gate. I 
walked to the top of the hill, where I could see them move off 
towards the station where the cars were waiting for them. As 



Twelve Adonths in Andersonville, 71 

soon as they were gone, I aj^proached the guard and had a 
little conversation with him. He said every man would be 
taken out of the pen as last as they could furnish transporta- 
tion. The well ones would go first, then the sick. I went 
back to m}'^ quarters and told Charlie Weibel what I had seen 
and what the guard had told me. It so elated him that he sat 
up for awhile, but as soon as the excitement began to wear off 
he seemed worse. I talked to him, and said to him I did not 
have any doubt but that we would all be removed in a few 
days. He said, "I am not strong enough to stand the trip." 
We told him it was not so far to Savannah, and the rebels said 
they were going to make different arrangements for the sick, 
and as soon as we got to our boats we Avould be taken care of 
He said, " I will try and keep up." In a day or tAvo the guards 
came back and said, "You ought to have heard your fellows 
holler when the}, first saw your old flag." This kind of news 
put us all on tiptoe of excitement again, and another squad 
was ordered out. By this time it began to thin out the pris- 
oners so that one could move around with a little ease. In a 
liew days the guards were back again. This time the hundred 
to which I belonged was included. We were ordered on the 
south side of the branch and a guard was put between us and 
the branch. This was done to keep out "flankers." We went 
over there in the evening. I was now compelled to leave 
Weibel for the first time since our imprisonment. Before I left 
him I took my blanket and fixed him as good a tent as I could, 
supplied him with water, and there was a young man from 
Ohio who staj^ed close to us. We had become acquainted. He 
said he would draw his rations for him and keep him supplied 
with water as long as his hundred remained in the stockade. 
We remained on the south side all night. The next morning 
we did not go out. Ten o'clock came and no orders to leave, so 
I obtained permission to go back and see my comrade. 1 



72 Twelve Mo7tths in Anderso7iville. 

found him very much depressed. He said he felt that he could 
never make the trip. By talking with him for awhile he 
revived up. I had to go back to the squad, and about 3 o'clock 
in the afternoon the young man from Ohio came over and said. 
Weibel wanted to see me. I went as quick as I could. I found 
bim much worse. He said to me, "Long, 1 can't stand this 
any longer. I am sure I cannot live through another 
night. I have here some letters, memoranda book, and gold 
rings. Take them, and if you ever get home take them to my 
sisters at Indianapolis and tell them where I died. The letters 
are written in German. They Avill forward them to their des- 
tination." I said, " Charlie, I think you will soon bo better; 
cheer up ; I heard an officer say that the next to go would be 
the sick, and I am sure jovi will be able to go." By talking to 
him for a short time he cheered up, and I handed him his 
goods back. I remained with him until near dark, when I 
reported back to my hundred. The next morning I went back 
to sec him and found him very bad. I remained awhile and 
got him some breakfast. He ate a little. I brought him some 
fresh water, when I was again ordered to my hundi*ed, but for 
some reason wo did not go out. About two o'clock the young 
man from Ohio came over and said that Charlie wanted to see 
me. I hurried over there as quick as I could. When I ap- 
proached him, he handed me his traps and said: "Do with 
them as I told you yesterday." I said, " Do you not feel any 
better?" "No," said he, " I want to die and be out of this 
misery. Do not talk to mo to cheer me up, for I cannot live 
any longer in this miser}'." I made several attemj^ts to talk to 
him, when he would say, " Don't, I will soon be out of this 
misery." Four or five of the boys that I was acquainted with 
came up, and we sat on the ground close by him. All at once 
he turned over, and I went to him and found that he did 
pot breathe. He was dead. We straightened him out, 



Twelve Months m Andersonville. 73 

removed the blanket, tied his hands across his breast, tied his 
big toes together, and I wrote his name, Company, Eegiment 
and State, date of death, on a little sli]) of pajDer and pinned it 
on his breast, after which we carried him out. I was now 
alone as far as any of my Regiment were concerned. We had 
been so scattered that now we were all gone. "While I felt the 
deepest sorrow for poor Weibel, I was truly glad that he was out 
of his misery, as his imprisonment had been terrible. Wounded 
at the start, then the diarrhea, and then rheumatism, he had 
not been able to walk for weeks, but was compelled to lay on 
the bare ground day after day, and night after night. 

About sunset we were ordered out, and off we go, as we 
suppose, to God's country. After we had embarked, the train 
moved slowly along at a rate of speed not exceeding eight 
miles an hour, and when we recollected that the rejjorted dis- 
tance to Savannah was 240 miles, it seemed as if we should 
never reach our destination. Macon was the only town of 
commercial importance along the line. Its population at that 
time was about five thousand. At regular distances along the 
line of the road would be seen an ojoen shed which served as a 
station. The country through which we passed consisted 
principally of pine barrens, and for miles and miles there was 
no sign of habitation. The inhabitants — such as we saw — 
were of the class known as "low-downers." They were lazy, 
ignorant and stupid, dull-eyed and open-mouthed, lank and 
lean, and had evidently never made the acquaintance of a 
barber or hair-dresser. We looked upon them and their pov- 
erty-stricken land with undisguised contemj^t, remembering 
the culture, intelligence and comforts of the sturdy yeomanry 
of our Northern homes. 

The morning of the second day after our departure from 
Andersonville we reached the city of Savannah. Contrary to 
our expectation, we found it almost a deserted village. The 



74 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

unbroken stillness, so different from what we expected on 
entering the metropolis of Georgia, and a city that was an 
important point in Eevolutionary days, became absolutely 
oppressive. We could not understand it, but our thoughts 
were more intent upon the coming transfer to our flag than 
upon any speculation as to the cause of the remarkable still- 
ness of Savannah. Finally some boys came close to us, 
and we opened up a conversation. " Say, boys, are our ships 
down in the bay yet?" "I don't know." "Ain't they going 
to exchange us here?" " Don't know." " Well, what are they 
going to do with us, any way?" "They have got some of uns 
around by the old jail." " What, are there any prisoners here 
now? " "Yes, around by the old jail there is a place fixed for 
uns all." How our hearts sank within us. The truth flashed 
across our minds that we had been deceived, and for a j)urpo8e. 
We soon learned that there had not been any prisoners 
exchanged, and that there had been no exchange agreed u^jon. 
They had lied to us for the purpose of allaying our fears and 
preventing our trying to make our escape while being trans- 
ferred from Andersonville to Savannah. By this means they 
could do with many guards less than it would have required if 
we had known we were going to another prison. So you can 
see how well they succeeded in deceiving us. Soon the guard 
formed into lines, one on either side of the street. We were 
ordered off the cars, formed between the guards, and after a 
short march through the city we came out to an old jail, 
where we saw a high board fence erected enclosing a large 
tract of ground adjoining the old jail. We soon came to the gate, 
where we were counted off into hundreds, names taken, and 
then turned into the pen, where we met our old comrades who 
had left Andersonville some twenty days before. Among them 
were some of the 5th Indiana Cavalry. I soon found the 5th 
boys, and among them my old friend, Bob Fisher, who at this 



Twelve MontJis in Andersonville. 75 

time is a doctor, and lives somewhere in Kansas. .Bob was not 
long in telling me how they had been deceived. He was in 
the first squad that left Andersonville. I said, "Bob, what do 
3^ou think about exchange now?" " Oh," said he, " it is all 
right. We will soon be exchanged. There was a little 
difficulty arose between the rebels and our folks," said he, "in 
regard to our boats coming up the Savannah river, and that 
has delayed the exchange for a few days. We will soon be out 
of here. You see this is not near so strong a place as Ander- 
sonville, and if they did not intend to exchange us why did 
they go to the trouble to send us here? " I said, "I hope you 
are right, but I don't believe a word the cusses say in regard 
to exchange, for I know they have lied to us this time. They 
said that they saw you go on our boats, and said, 'you ought 
to have heard your fellows holler when they saw your old flag.' 
Now you see that is a lie, and if they will lie one time they will 
another when it suits their purpose and they can accomplish 
anything by so doing." Bob said, " What do you think?" 
"Well," I said, "I think they have got a little scared and have 
moved us to keep us from falling into Sherman's hands. You 
see Atlanta is ours, and how long it will be before Sherman 
gets down here no one knows. I think they were more afraid 
of that than anything else." "Why, don't you think we are 
going to be exchanged? " " Not a bit of it; at least, not now." 
As I was entirely alone now, as far as any of my Eegi- 
ment were concerned, and there was no room with Fisher for 
an extra man, I began to look around for some place to stop, 
which I could call my own. At last I met two men from Ohio. 
They had not been prisoners long. They lived in Cincinnati, 
and had been captured in the Shenandoah 7alley. They had 
each a blanket and I had one, and so we went together and 
fixed up a place to stay. I soon found them to be gentlemen 
in every particular, and very kind. Their names were Khalor 



76 Twelve Months in Anderso7iville. 

and Ellis. Kbalor was well educated and well j^osted in 
regard to the war. He would set for hours and tell us his 
views as to the final outcome of the war. Ho had no faith in 
an exchange. He had kej)t himself posted before his capture, 
and said that there was not the least prospect for exchange, 
nor never would be, unless the rebels would exchange colored 
troops the same as other soldiers. This, he said, our govern- 
ment was lawfully bound to do, and could make no other 
arrangement that would be honorable or just. The weather 
was fine, it being the 1st of October. There was not so many 
men here as at Andcrsonville. After we got fixed up we 
thought, after all, this is a much better place than Andcrson- 
ville. The guards treated us much better ; in fact they were 
gentlemen by the side of those brats we had left. The guards 
hero wore marines enlisted for the Southern navy. As Uncle 
Sam had blockaded all the ports, the South had but little use 
for marines, and the}' refused to take the field. Many of them 
had belonged to the U. S. Army before the breaking out of the 
rebellion, and didn't seem to care whether the South gained 
her independence or not. We felt relief to know that wo 
were not to bo ruled over by that villain, Wirz. There was a 
young man in command of the camjj. He had been at Andcr- 
sonville a short time. His name was Davis — a lieutenant in 
the rebel army. His home was in Baltimore. He had taken 
an active part in the mob which assailed the old Sixth Massa- 
chusetts Eegiment when they were on their way to Washing- 
ton. As usual such men as would engage in a mob did not 
like the idea of meeting the enemy face to face on equal terms, 
and being wealthy, he got the position of commanding the 
camp at Savannah. He was a very foul-mouthed fellow. 
Would make terrible threats of what he would do if his 
" ordahs " wore not obeyed. He was one of those fellows that 
could swear by note and never miss a bar or skip a quarter 
note. 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 77 

Our rations were much better here than they had been at 
Andersonville. The meal was ground finer and was sifted, 
which was much more palatable, and we got a little salt every 
few days. Our ration of meat was larger and of a better 
grade. "We soon began to be glad that we had been transferred 
to this place. Our ration of wood was limited and required a 
good deal of economy to make it do our cooking. There were 
no ncAv prisoners coming in and we soon began to be anxious 
to know what was going on outside. When the first prisoners 
arrived at Savannah the}'' were put inside of the enclosure. 
The boards did not go down into the grou.nd, but rested on the 
sod. The prison was located on a piece of commons, which 
was sodded over, and the soil being sandy it was but a few 
minutes work to dig under the fence and get outside. As there 
was no dead-line established, the men were allowed to crowd 
up to the fence. Many of them took advantage of this oppor- 
tunity and dug out. There were several hundred got out the 
first night. When morning came, look anywhere along the 
fence and you could see holes where the Yank's had dug out. 
The alarm was given and men and dogs stai-ted out after the 
fugitives. By night, all or nearly all, were back in the pen, as 
all the bridges were guarded and all boats broken up. It was 
simply imjiossible to escape. The boats had been broken up to 
keep their men from going out to our fleet. When the last 
squad was brought in Davis said ho would stop that " d — n 
business," so he established a guard line about twelve feet from 
the fence and issued orders to the guards to shoot an}^ prisoner 
who came inside of the dead-line. This did but little good, as 
the sod was very stiff, and underneath the sand was very loose, 
it only required a little more time to tunnel out, three or four 
hours being sufficient to complete a tunnel. The next morn- 
ing several tunnels were discovered and some fifty or a hun- 
dred men had jiassed out during the night. This made Davia 



78 Twelve Months m Anderso7iville. 

very mad. He said, " I will stop this business." There was a 
great revolution going on in his dull brain. At last Davis hit 
upon the jDlan to find out if any tunnels had been commenced 
during the night. Every morning he would come in with a 
lot of guards and a cart with a mule attached to it, the cai't 
loaded Avith stone. They would go on the inside of the dead- 
line and when the wheels of the cart crossed a tunnel they 
would break the sod and the tunnel would be exposed. Davis 
was wonderfully elated over his plan. He said, " I guess I am 
a match for the d — n Yank's." He supjDOsed that it would take 
two or three nights to dig a tunnel with the implements at 
liand, while three or four hours was all a brisk Yankee wanted. 
So the next morning there were a lot of men out. Davis came 
in and said, " You fellows beat the devil." " Oh yes," said one 
of the boys, " I guess that is about the size of it, for we have 
been beating the rebels of late badly and we think they ar€ 
worse than the devil." Davis seemed terribly excited and 
said, "I can fix 3'ou. I will let you know that I can keep you 
in this prison and I will keep you there." He went out and in 
a short time we saw a large gang of negroes at work digging 
a ditch around the outside of the fence. This ditch was dug 
about twelve feet wide and five feet deep. Davis had this 
filled with water from the city water works and kept it full all 
the time. This ended the tunneling. There was no use to try 
that any more. 

When we first arrived at Savannah great numbers of her 
citizens came out to the prison or stockade, to see us, and would 
crowd up close to us, as the stockade was not entirely 
finished. When we first arrived there was only a guard line 
to keep the citizens and prisoners aj^art, and as they seemed 
anxious to talk and the prisoners equally as anxious, they 
would be continually crowding up to them. One day one of 
the guards saw a young man standing in the crowd of pris- 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 79 

oners whom he thought was a citizen from his dress, and 
ordered him out. The young man walked out and sauntered 
away and endeavored to make his escape, and got within 
twenty miles of Sherman's lines when he was recaptured and 
returned to Savannah. When he was brought back to the 
stockade Davis was standing near the gate. He looked sternly 
at him and at his rebel garments, and muttering, " By God, I'll 
stof) this," he caught the coat by the tail, tore it to the collar, 
and took it and his hat away from him. The name of the 
young man was Frank Beverstock. In a few weeks Bever- 
stock was included in an exchange, and was sent to his home 
at JSTewark, Ohio, on a furlough. While on the cars, on his 
road home, I think, Beverstock met and recognized Davis, who 
had been sent out of the Confederacy to Canada with dis- 
patches for Southern emissaries then harassing the Northern 
borders from the Dominion. Davis had made an effort to dis- 
guise himself, but could not conceal his identity from the 
young man, who, with the assistance of some comrades, placed 
him under arrest, and delivered him to the authorities at Camp 
Chase, near Columbus, Ohio. A court martial aftei-wards tried 
Davis as a spy, and he was found guilty and sentenced to be 
hanged. When the trial was over, Beverstock stepped up to 
Davis, and reminding him of the incident at the prison gate, 
remarked, " I believe, Davis, we are even on that coat now." 
Davis was to have been executed at Johnson Island, but through 
family connection with border State Unionists, his sentence 
was commuted to imprisonment during the war. He was 
taken to Fort Delaware for confinement and died soon after. 
So ended the life of a foul-mouthed tyrant and traitor whose 
name, with that of Wirz, ought only to be remembered with 
infamy. 



CHAPTEE IX. 



Efforts of Confederates to Secure Mechanics From Among 
THE Prisoners — Flanking Into a Sick Man's Place — 
Deceived Again — Transferred to Millen — Tunneling 
Again on an Extensive Scale Only to Meet With 
Another Disastrous Failure. 

/ I \ HE weather continued fine, with but little news to break 
JL the monotony of prison life. No new prisoners came in, 
and we had little opportunity of hearing from our armies. "We 
had about made up our minds that we would have to stay 
here through the winter, when one day a rebel colonel came in 
and posted up notices that the Confederate Government 
wanted all the blacksmiths they could get, and if any of the 
Yankee prisoners would go out and work for them they would 
give them a parole of honor, take them out and would pay 
them in Confederate money or greenbacks. They wanted 
blacksmiths, machinists, shoemakers and a few carpenters. 
The notice stated that the colonel would visit the prison from 
day to day and take out such as chose to go. As winter was 
just here and my clothing was very thin, I could not see how 
I was to pull through the winter. So Kahlor went down and 
saw the colonel, as Ellis and myself were blacksmiths. "We 
agreed that if they would take all three of us out, we would 
go out on parole, and by so doing we might meet an opportu- 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 83 

nity to make our escape. At any rate it could make matters 
no worse than they were. When Kahlor returned he said he 
had made the arrangements and we were to go out the next 
day. Several of our friends found out that we were going out 
and came over to our tent. Some wanted us to do all Ave could 
to get them places, while others said, " It is all wrong," and 
whenever we got exchanged we would be punished for work- 
ing for the enera}^. I almost backed out, as 1 did not like to 
work for my enemies. Kahlor reasoned with us, and said he 
did not believe that our government would punish us at all, 
and said he: "If we have to remain here all winter without 
shelter or clothing the most of us will be dead by spring," and 
he thought the best thing to do was to go out, as he had made 
arrangements. So we decided to go. About 3 o'clock in the 
afternoon my old friend, Bob Fisher, came up to our tent much 
excited. Said he : " I told you we would soon be exchanged. 
Do you see that squad of rebel officers down there ? "Well, 
they just came in and ordered from one to ten detachments to 
get ready to leave at 6 o'clock this evening and I want you to 
take the place of a sick man in my hundred and go out with 
me. I know we will soon be at home." By this time the 
entire camp was in a blaze of excitement. I said, " All right, 
I will go." Turning to Kahlor and Ellis I said : "It will not 
be long till you will follow." "We hope so," said they, " yet 
we have our doubts." "Oh, I guess we are all right this time." 
I took up my blanket and cup, which was all of my outfit at 
this time, and bidding m}^ friends good bye, saying to Kahlor : 
"Tell that Irish Colonel to mend his own dilapidated ma- 
chinery, as we propose to work for Uncle Sam in preference." 
I went with Fisher to the sergeant of his hundred and 
assumed the name of the sick man. The sergeant said to me, 
"I will do the best for you I can, but if you get in ti'ouble do 
not blame me." " All right," said I. Six o'clock soon arrived, 



84 Twelve Months in Anderso7tville. 

and the word was given to fall in, and I took my place in line. 
We were marched outside of the gate amidst the cheers of the 
entire camj). We could hear patriotic songs all over the camp 
as we marched to the gate. When outside of the gate we were 
formed in line, and Davis marched up and down the line, 
swearing that if there was a man who had flanked out he 
would shoot him. As soon as it was known, I began to wish I 
was back inside of the stockade, but all I could do was to stand 
still and await the result of the roll call, which was commenced 
in a short time by a rebel sergeant, who, like all the sergeants 
who had been over us, were very poor hands to call names. 
As they approached near me I almost sank down, but was close 
to the sergeant, who said, " Bo quiet." When the sergeant 
called out the man's name, I answered in an undertone. 
Imagine my relief when he and Davis jjassed on. I felt that 
I had passed a terrible ordeal, for I believe Davis would have 
put his threat into execution at that time. We were told to 
remain here for awhile, and about eight o'clock the order was 
given to move. So here we go with high hopes of soon being 
in God's country. 

We soon arrived at the cars and were literally packed into 
them. There was no room to lay down or hardly sit down. 
After considerable confusion with the guard, the old, squeaky 
cars began to move. We could not toll in what direction wo 
were going, but supposed we were going to Charleston and the 
rebels encouraged us in this belief. They said there had been 
some ditficulty in allowing our fleet to pass the fortifications of 
Savannah and hence it was the cause of our having to go to 
Charleston for exchange. After pounding along all night, 
morning came, and we were not long in discovering that the 
country through which we were traveling was the same we 
had covered in coming to Savannah. It soon became painfully 
evident that we were returning to Andersonville. When we 



Twelve Months in Ajidersonville. 85 

reached tho junction at Millen, we baulted at the "Y" and 
wailed the orders of the officers with intense anxiety. The 
left hand road was the route to Andersonville, tho right hand 
road led to Charleston or Eichmond. The left hand road meant 
a return to our wretchedness. The right hand road hinted a 
hope of speedy exchange. Our engine took the right hand 
track, but after running about five miles, stopped in the middle 
of a heavy pine forest. We were ordered out of the cars, and 
marching a few rods, came in sight of another of those hateful 
stockades, similar to that at Andersonville, with this exception, 
the logs in the stockade at Andersonville were hewed, at Camp 
Lawton they were in their rough state. We were marched up 
to the gate of the prison. Oh ! how oxir hearts sank within us 
at the idea of again being confined inside of those gloomy 
walls. 

There were a lot of rebel sergeants at the gate who pro- 
ceeded to take our names, Eegiment, Cora^^any and State. 
This was a tedious operation, as no rebel was ever an expert at 
writing names, and es25ecially Yankee names. We were 
formed into hundreds. Over each hundred a sergeant was 
apj)ointed, and ten hundreds formed a division over which a 
sergeant was appointed. It took until dark to get the pris- 
oners arranged, when the gates oijened, and we were marched 
inside. For the first and only time in my prison life, we had 
plenty of fuel. There was an abundance here, the refuse of 
the stockade. The night was very chilly and we soon had 
regular log-heaps on fire. After we had been inside for about 
one hour we received about one-half pint of corn meal. This 
was our rations for the night. We soon found some water, 
and making our meal into mush, talked over the situation and 
how we had been fooled, or how the rebels had lied to us. 
After we had finished our supper I said to Fisher, " what do 
you think of exchange now?" '* Oh," said he, "these rebels are 



86 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

the worst liars I ever saw." He said, "what do you think?" 
I said, " I think that whenever a man gets mean enough to be 
a rebel he is mean enough to do anything that is dishonorable." 
" "Well," said he, " I guess that is about the size of it. I do not 
believe I can -ever put any confidence in them any more, for 
this is twice they have fooled me." The ground was covered 
over with a thick coat of wire-grass which had formed a 
regular sod. We selected a place, built a large fire and lay 
down for the night to dream of home and the good things in 
God's country. "When morning came we got up and took 
a general survey of the inside of the stockade. It was, in 
every respect, similar to that of Andersonville. The guards 
were mounted in little perches at the top of the stockade, just 
the same, and they called out the time of night the same. It 
only differed in this respect. Whereas, Andersonville was 
built around a swamp and was surrounded by swamps, Millen 
was built on good dry ground, with a large clear stream run- 
ning through it, the banks of which were firm and solid and 
the stream afi'orded plenty of good, clear water for all pur- 
poses. The guards were of a diflTerent class from those brats 
at Andersonville. Here they were mostly old men from fifty 
to sixty years of age, natives of Georgia. They did not show 
a disposition to shoot one at a pretended violation of the 
prison rules, but would give notice that you were trespassing 
and warn you away. After making the rounds of the prison, 
we came to the gate, where we learned that one Capt. Bows, 
was in command of the "camp" as the rebels call it. (They 
never say stockade or prison, but always say camp.) Capt. 
Bows had the appearance of being a man of about 45 years of 
age, rather good looking, and seemed rather pleasant. He was 
so much different from Wirz or Davis that we soon began to 
be glad that we were under him in preference to either of the 
others. After we received our rations for the day we were 



Twelve Mo7itJis i7i A^tdersonville. 87 

ordered on the south side of the stream where places were 
assigned for each hundred. We began to fix up for house- 
keeping. We lost no time as it was necessary to use the 
material while it lasted. Fisher and two others of the 5th 
cavalry and myself composed our mess. We commenced at 
once to fix up so as to make ourselves as comfortable as possi- 
ble. We dug out a place about eight feet square and one and a 
half feet deep. By this means we could keep warmer than if 
we built our tent on top of the ground. We gathered up 
a good quantity of pine leaves, placing them in the bottom of 
our tent. This formed our bed and was much better than any 
, we had had before. We then took some sticks, sticking one 
end in the ground near the side of the pit, coming together 
over the center, same as a rafter on a building, tying the ends 
together. Then we took other sticks and laying them on these 
they answered as lath or sheeting. Now we were ready to put 
on the roof We gathered up the long leafed pine and 
thatched it over and closed up the ends in the same way. 
When completed it made a warm place to stay in. Our roof 
turned the rain very w^ell. In this place we spent most of our 
time while at Millen. Our rations were pretty near the same 
as at other prisons, with this exception, the meal was ground 
much finer and was bolted, which made it much more palata- 
ble. In a few days we were all fixed up and fell into the 
regular routine of prison life. Every few days there would be 
a train load of prisoners arrive from Savannah. In about ten 
or twelve days after our arrival at Millen, I was going to the 
branch, when I saw Kahlor, who had just come in. He said 
after we had left they concluded not to go out, thinking that 
perhaps there was an exchange. He said the Irish Colonel was 
very much out of humor when ho could not get any one to go 
out. Kahlor said, " I now wish we had went out. We would 
have had much better chances to escape than we can have 



8B Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

here." Said he, "if we had gone out, we could have got the 
papers and learned where our armies were and kept posted all 
the time, but here wo can get no news unless it is from some 
new prisoners, and there are not many coming in now." Said 
he, " I intend to try and make my escaj)e the first oppor- 
tunity." I said to him, " I know of a tunnel that is in jDrocess 
of construction, and I am interested in it. I will let you know 
when it is done;, so you can go out with us." He said, " I will 
work in it and help to complete it." I said, " I can not take 
you there now, as the number that can be used is full and wo 
are on our honors not to let any one know where it is until it 
is completed, when those who dug it will go out first, but 
before going, we have the privilege of telling our friends how 
to find it. It will not be many days before it is completed, as 
there are one hundred men interested in it, and they work 
day and night. It is the largest tunnel that has yet been dug, 
and we feel confident that some one will make their escape 
and get to our lines. The arrangements are that but two men 
arc to go together and no two are to go in the same direction. 
Some are to go south, others east, others west, while the 
majority are to go north or northeast. By dividing up, the 
guards would be thrown off the trail." He seemed much 
elated over the prospect of getting outside of the stockade. 
I said, " I will keep you posted from day to day, so you can be 
ready." About one week after this the word was given out 
that the next night the tunnel would be comjDleted, and we 
notified our friends. We had saved up all the meal we could 
and had baked it for the purpose of having some rations to 
take with us. It had been raining all day and was raining 
very hard at dark. The order was to cut the hole out. There 
were some fifty men in the tunnel, with twice that many ready 
to go in as soon as the way was cleared. Imagine our surprise 
when we went to cut the hole out, we had only got to the 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 89 

stockade, coming n]3 by the logs on the inside. When this was 
learned it was several minutes before we could get the men 
out of the tunnel. Some almost smothered owing to its 
crowded condition. When the tunnel was cleared they com- 
menced work again. It would take several days to complete 
it, as it would have to be dug at least twenty feet further, but 
at it we went with a will, hoping to comjDlctc it before it was 
found out. The leader gave orders that we should all return 
to our quarters and remain there until called for. This we did 
and when the time came we responded to a man. 

As soon as it was learned what the trouble was there was 
a detail formed to prosecute the tunnel with all possible speed. 
By commencing back a little from the stockade and running 
the tunnel on an incline we could get under it. There were as 
many men placed in the tunnel as could be used. Each one 
would remove the dirt as far back as he could, when another 
one would receive it and conduct it in the same way until it 
reached the place of beginning. Here the dirt was left until 
night, when it was carried out in pieces of old blankets or any- 
thing that would answer the purpose. The dirt was put in 
any little depressions that could be found and covered over 
with top soil, so as not to attract the attention of the guard. 
The rain continued to fall at times in regular torrents, but the 
work went on, as it was thought if wo could get out while it 
was raining we would have a better chance to escape as the 
dogs could not follow us so easily. The second night it was 
thought that we were far enough outside to cut out. About 
eleven o'clock the word was given to cut the hole out. The 
man detailed to do it found out that the tunnel had been run 
to much on an incline and was too deep for him to reach the 
top of the ground. The tunnel was cleared and it was found 
that there was not a man in the squad who could reach the 
surface. So one of the boys brought up a corporal from some 



90 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

Michigan regiment who was over six feet high. He was taken 
into the secret and asked if he would try and cut out. He said 
he would, and all parties were now notified that the tunnel was 
completed and ready. So in goes the corporal and soon had a 
hole cut through. By working the hole a little slanting he 
was able to get his head outside, while he took a good look at 
the surroundings. After he had rested a bit he made the 
attempt to raise himself on top of the ground. ' As he did this 
the entire ground gave way and fell in, fastening him as 
though he was in a vise. As the dirt fell in it made considera- 
ble noise, so that the guard heard it, but could not see any one. 
It was just time to relieve the guard and as they came uj) the 
sentinel said to the sergeant that he believed the Yankees were 
digging out. The sergeant laughed at him and said, " I guess 
you are a little scared." As soon as the sentinel was relieved 
he went to the place where he heard the noise and there he 
found the corporal, who could not get out of the tunnel or 
back into camp. The rebels raised the alarm and they soon 
released the Yankee, building up a big fire at the place and 
putting a stop at any further attempts to escape. It was some 
time before the tunnel could be cleared, and you can imagine 
our disappointment, after having worked so long and hard, and 
not one man had made his escape. The next morning a rebel 
officer came inside with a lot of negroes, and broke in the tun- 
nel its whole length, filling uj) the ditch with stone. I walked 
down there the next morning and heard the rebel officer say 
to some rebel sergeants who had been calling the roll, that he 
was "getting pretty d — m tired of this kind of business." 



CHAPTER X. 



Preparing for a Winter's Residence — An Exciting Elec- 
tion IN THE "Precinct op Millen" — Disgust of Rebel 
Officers — Tricking the Rebels as to Our Nativity — 
A Base Proposition Bravely Spurned — Wanton Plun- 
der of the Camp and Robbery of Prisoners — A Fiery 
Speech — A Scene of Awful Excitement — Almost a 
Massacre. 



Ca)s the ^ 
^ A. were v( 



weather was getting pretty cool and our clothes 
^ery thin, a great many fell sick from the effects of 
the continued cold rain. After the great disappointment nar- 
rated in the last chapter, my squad about concluded that there 
was no use in trying to escajDe, and we began to fix up our 
shanty the best we could, as it looked as though we would 
have to remain the guests of Captain Bows all winter. There 
was nothing to create any excitement for several days, until 
just before the Presidential election of 1864. Both the rebels 
and the prisoners were greatly interested iu that event. The 
re-election of Lincoln meant a continuation of the war to a 
successful conclusion on the part of the United States. The 
election of McClellan meant a possible compromise, and a 
probable cessation of hostilities. It was represented to the 
rebel officials by a few of the raiders who had accompanied us 
from Andersonville, and who lost no opportunity to ingratiate 



92 Twelve Months in Anderso7iville. 

themselves into their favor, that the prisoners were so hostile 
to the administration of Lincoln for not acceding to any terms 
offered by the rebels for an exchange, that if a vote could bo 
taken an overwhelming majority would be cast for McClellan. 
The idea seemed to please the rebels, who probably thought 
such a result might be used in the North for the purpose of 
political capital, and be a benefit to the rebel cause. Accord- 
ingly, an order was issued for an election in the prison the 
same day of the Presidential election. The prisoners selected 
their own judges of election, and the votes were deposited in 
ballot boxes supplied for that purpose by Captain Bows. The 
contest was hot, although one-sided. A large number of rebel 
oflficers, including the commandant, came in during the day to 
see how the voting was going on. If they had any confidence 
in the raider crowd up to that time it must have been dispelled 
when they watched the voting. Instead of all of us voting for 
McClellan, the polls were surrounded with ticket peddlers, 
shouting, " Vote the Lincoln ticket," " Come right this way and 
get your Union, unconditional surrender, Abraham Lincoln 
tickets," "Don't gratify a d — d rebel anywhere, but vote to 
whip them and make peace with them after they have laid 
down their arms," " Don't vote for McClellan, the candidate of 
the Northern copperheads," etc. The rebel ofiicers remained 
in the stockade but a short time, and their disappointment 
could plainly be seen. When they strutted out it was amid 
the jeers of the prisoners, and the boys were as happy as if 
they had won a battle. The result of the vote was over seven 
thousand for Lincoln and but three or four hundred for 
McClellan. I was told an election was held the same day at 
Florence, with a similar result. If the rebels ever sent any 
report North of the " Precinct of Millen," I am not advised 
of it. 

When the excitement of the election had died down, and 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 93 

after several days of weaiy monotony, orders came in to make 
out rolls of all those who were born outside of the United 
States and whose terms of service had expii-ed. No reason was 
given for the order, bixt by common consent it was agreed that 
it meant a partial exchange of prisoners and the rebels were 
going to still further punish the men born in the North by dis- 
criminating against them, and sending home a class of men 
who would be of least service to the Government. Acting on 
this suggestion, a great majorit}^ of the prisoners i)roceeded to 
have themselves enrolled as foreigners. I was classed as a 
German, but from my appearance and dress might equally as 
well have claimed nativity near the sources of the river Nile. 
When the rolls were finished and sent out, I am told that they 
did not show the names of five hundred native Americans in 
the prison. If the rebels didn't make up their minds that the 
battles for the Union were being fought by foreign mercen- 
aries, it was no fault of ours, for the rolls mentioned England, 
Ireland, Franco, Germany, and the names of almost every 
habitable country on the globe, as the place of our "bornin." 

The day following the completion of the rolls, an order 
came for all those whose names appeared thereon to "fall in." 
Wc did so almost as one man. We were on hands by hundreds 
and by thousands, and the few " native Americans " left were 
hardly lai'ge enough in number to have organized a lodge of 
"know-nothings." We were marched outside the stockade and 
massed around a stump on which a rebel officer was standing 
for the purpose of making a speech to us. When all had 
max'chcd out and silence had been restored, the officer began. 
He said the Federal Government had abandoned us, refusing 
all offers of exchange upon the part of the Confederacy; that 
Stanton and Ilalleck had both declared they had no use for the 
prisoners. Continuing, the officer congratulated the men on 
their loyalty to the cause they had espoused, and arraigned the 



94 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

Government for its inhumanity in throwing them to on6 gid^, 
leaving them to starve and die. " The Confederacy," said the 
Speaker, " is certain to secure its independence. It is only a 
question of a few short months. You have already endured all 
your Government has a right to demand of you. If you will 
now join with us, become our allies until the close of the war, 
you will receive the same rewai'ds as other Confederate sol- 
diers. You will be taken from the prison, clothed and fed, and 
when peace crowns our efforts, given a warrant for a good 
farm, a large bounty, " 

At this i^oint the sergeant of one of the Divisions, a man 
with stentorian lungs, sprang out of the ranks and shouted, 
'' Attention, First Division ! " The command was repeated 
down the line by the sergeants of the other Divisions. " First 
Division, about face," commanded the stout-voiced sergeant. 
The same order followed to the other Divisions. "First Divi- 
sion, forward, march," came next, and in an instant each man 
in all the thousands of prisoners turned on his heel and away 
the boj-s marched to the stockade, leaving the crest-fallen officer 
by himself on the stump. 

The rebels were wild in their fury at the way their base 
proposition had been received, and we were hardl}* in the 
enclosure before several companies of the guards came in with 
loaded guns and fixed bayonets. We were driven from one 
point to another of the stockade, and the guard, under pretext 
of searching our quarters for contraband articles, such as 
spades, axes, etc., tore down our huts, stole our blankets, and 
proceeded to destroy and plunder us indiscriminately. It was 
a sight to i^rovokc us to the last extremity. Eobbed of the 
little we had, in pure wantonness, because we refused to surren- 
der our principles, our indignation made us almost desperate. 
Among the prisoners Avas a young man named Lloyd, a mem- 
ber of the 61st Ohio. He was illiterate, but full of patriotism 
and common sense. Mounting a stump he began a fiery ad- 



Twelve Months 171 Andersonville. 95 

dress. He denounced the statement that the Government had 
deserted us as an infamous rebel lie, and predicted that before 
the spring came the "hell-born Confederacy and all the lousy 
moss-backs who support it, will be so deep in hell that nothing 
but a search warrant from the throne of the great God of the 
Universe can discover it. The stars and stripes will wave in 
triumph over this whole Nation as sure as God reigns and 
judges in Israel." The burning words from the lips of the 
speaker aroused us to the highest pitch, and we began cheer- 
ing tremendously, A rebel officer came running up and 
demanded of one of the guards that he should " shoot the Yan- 
kee son ." Before the order could be put into effect 

Lloyd was jerked from his position and his life saved. 

Then ensued a scene that beggars description. Shouts 
were made to charge on the guards ; take their guns and make 
an assault on the gates of the stockade. We quickly formed in 
line of battle, and the rebel officers hurried behind the line of 
guards. The guards were badly frightened, but held their 
ground, their muskets leveled to receive our assault. Captain 
Bows, from an elevation outside the jDrison, had discovered th© 
condition of affairs, loaded and shotted his cannon and stood 
ready to give the command to sweep the stockade with canister 
and grape. The long roll was sounded, and for a moment it 
looked as if the massacre was to begin. Cooler heads among 
the prisoners realized the desperate danger and lent them- 
selves to an effort to dissolve the line from its menacing atti- 
tude. Slowly the boj's deserted their line of battle and spread 
over the prison grounds. The guards by an indirect march, 
that they might keep their faces toward the prisoners, cau- 
tiously withdrcAV. The agony was over, and all drew a breath 
of relief Had a collision occurred the carnage must have been 
dreadful. By evening all were engaged in an effort to fix up 
their tents and huts, that we might again make ourselves as 
comfortable as possible. 



CHAPTEE XI. 



Trading a Composition Pen for Tobacco — A McClellan 
Badge Worth its Weight in Gold — How the Sick 
Were Neglected — Carting the Dead Away — Waiting 
For the Clothes op Dead Men — Another Dreary 
Eailroad Eide — An Escape From a Moving Train — 
Through Savannah to Blackshear, Ga. 



CA)sthc 

-JlA_ mad( 



days and nights were very damp and chilly wo had 
le use of all the refuse that would answer for fuel 
and now had to make details to go outside after wood. Every 
time wc went out after wood we would bring in some of the 
long leaves of the pine to repair our hut with, which the rebels 
had destroyed to a great extent. One of my squad tried to go 
out on as many details as possible, in order to get material to 
fix uj) our hut. 

One cold, damp day I got out. As soon as I passed the 
gate a man about 45 or 50 'years of age stepped up to mo 
and said, "I will go with j^ou." As wo walked along towards 
where we got wood he said to me, " Have you anything to 
trade me for tobacco ? " I said, " I do not know as I have, as I 
have traded all my buttons off and have nothing left but these 
old rags, and they will soon bo gone." He said, " I would like 
to get something from the Yankees to send home to my 
daughter. 1 promised her I would send her something when 



Twelve Months 171 Andersonville. 97 

I left home." I said, "How fai- do you live from here?" He 
said, '-I reckon it ain't more than 40 miles. I never was here 
before. I never traveled around much before I was con- 
scripted. I always liked to stay at home, and it would please 
my daughter to get a present." I examined my old rags to see 
if I could find anything. At last I felt something in my vest 
pocket. I got it out of its hiding place, and to my surjirise it 
was a composition pen, one of those that looked like gold. It 
had worked through the pocket and was secreted between the 
outside and the lining of the vest. I looked at it and found 
the point badly bent, so much so that it was entirel}^ worth - 
less. But it was bright and nice looking. I layed it in my 
hand and said to him, '-How would this suit you?" "What is 
is it ? " he asked. I remarked that it was a gold pen. How his 
eyes flashed. Said he, "It is just what I want; my daughter 
has always wanted one of them." I said "that I hated to part 
with it, but as it seemed as though I never would have any 
more use for it, at least while I was in the South, I would trade 
it off if I could get a good trade." By this time we had got 
near several pine tops that had fallen together and formed a 
largo body of brush. Said he, "let us go under the brush and 
I will show you my tobacco." We entered the tangled mass of 
brush and were soon concealed from the gaze of any other 
guard. I said to him, "This pen is very valuable, since gold 
brings such a high premium." "Well, I will give you a good 
trade for it." He wore a long-tailed coat with pockets in the 
tails which would hold something less than a peck each. He 
commenced to disgorge, piling his tobacco on the ground, I 
still insisting it was not enough, when he would lay on another 
twist. At last his supply was exhausted. I said, " Is that all 
you have?" He answered, " It is all but a little which I want 
to keep so that if any one asks me for a chew I can give him 

one." I said, " there is not enough." " Well," said he, "take this 

7 



98 Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 

and let me have the pen, and I will be on duty again day after 
to-morrow, and you come out and I will give you some more." 
I said to him, " all right." We broke off some jiine leaves, lay- 
ing them on ni}^ arm, then the tobacco, then some more leaves 
and a little wood. We moved back to the gate: I went inside, 
and when I arrived at the hut I was about played out. I threw 
down mj- load, when the boj's said, "Why did you not bring 
more wood?" I said, "Open that bunch of leaves and you 
will see." When the tobacco was displayed they asked, " How 
did 3'ou get that?" I told them, but I never called for the 
balance of the tobacco, nor do I know how the pen suited the 
young lady. 

This transaction opened up a new field for my mess for a 
few days. We could trade the tobacco for meal, beans and 
meat, and adding this extra to our rations did us a world of 
good. At this time one of the mess had come into possession 
of a medal which was composed of a yellowish substance 
which resembled gold. Upon examination we thought wo 
could erase the letters that were on it and pass it for a $20.00 
gold piece. So going to the creek we found a piece of sand- 
stone which we took to our hut and began to rub the medal 
with it. By this operation we erased the letters and by means 
of pieces of old cloth we gave it a good polish. Taking it in 
your fingers and holding it up it looked very much like a $20.00 
gold piece. Myself and one of the other boys started out to 
trade it off. We followed around the line of guards, but could 
find no one that had enough stock in trade to strike a bargain 
with, but wo kept trying from day to day. The usual question 
would be asked, "how much do you want for it?" Wo would 
sa}^, "five hundred dollars in Confederate mone.y." They 
would say, " we would like to have it, but wc have not so much 
money." We began to think we could not get a trade. Wc 
knew that if wo offered it much lower they would suspicion us 



Twelve Months m Andersonville. 99 

of some Yankee trick, so we held to oiir first price. Going 
down the line one afternoon we accosted a young guard with, 
"do you want to buy some gold?" He said, "yes, how much 
have you?" Wo said $20. 00. holding the piece up in the sun- 
shine. He said, "how much do you want for it? " We said, 
"five hundred dollars in Confederate money." He answered, 
" I have not got that much money, but my lieutenant has and I 
know he will buy it. I will soon bo relieved and will see him. I 
will be here again in two hours, and if you will come then I 
know you can sell it to him." We said, "all right, we will be 
back at that time." We watched when the relief came on and 
went back to the perch. Sure enough, there was the rebel 
officer. As we came along we heard the sentinel say to tlie 
officer, " there they are." When we came opposite the post we 
halted, when the officer said to us, " are you the Yanks that 
wanted to sell the $20.00 gold piece?" We answered we were, 
holding the piece up. He said, " I have not got $500 ; can't I 
trade you something else for part?" Wo said, "wo will take 
some meal, peas and sweet potatoes." He answered, " I will 
give you a good big haversack full of each and §300 in Con- 
federate money." We told him we could not do that. He 
said, " that is all I can get now, but if you want to trade 1 will 
give you that now and the balance in a few daj's." Wo 
said, "you must give us the meal, peas and j^otatoes 
as interest for waiting on you." Ho said, "all right. I 
will be back here in about one hour." At the aj)pointed 
time he was back. "Now," he said, "I don't want to cheat 
you, and I don't want you to cheat us. You tie that piece of 
money in a cloth while we look at you, and tie the cloth to this 
club (throwing us a small club at the same time), then j-ou 
must hold it up all the time until I tell you to throw it over 
the stockade. Here are the meal, peas and potatoes, (holding 
them up so we could see,) and here is the money. I will j^ut it 



100 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

in this sack of meal. Now I will go down, and when I am 
ready you throw the jDiece of gold over and this guard 
will throw these sacks to you." "All right," we said. So 
down he goes, and when the word was given my comrade 
threw the j^iece over. "We heard him say to the guard, "all 
right, Johnnie, I have got the gold, throw the sacks over." Here 
they come. We gathered them up and hurried to our hut as 
fast as we could. Upon opening the sacks we found the fellow 
had done as he said he would. That is now more than twenty 
years ago, and I have never heard how he came out with his 
gold. 

The Prison at Millen differed from all the other prisons 
that I was at in this respect, that others had a hospital outside 
of the regular stockade. This can be accounted for by there 
not being so many at the prison as there were at other points. 
There was some vacant ground inside of the stockade, and no 
prisoners were allowed on the south side of the branch except 
the sick. They were corralled in the southeast corner. We 
could go over and see the sick at any time we chose, but could 
not build our huts there. There were no tents or shelter of 
any kind provided for their accommodation. They simply lay 
on the bare, cold, damp ground. At night some of the well 
men would go over and piling up the logs in heaps, fire them 
so they would have fire all night. This was kept up as long as 
there were any logs to pile up. After the cold, rainy spell that 
I spoke of in my last, the sick died very fast. They had 
become greatly reduced and the cold nights were too much for 
them. The thermometer would almost register at freezing 
point. 

I do not know how many died here, as there was no record 
kept of the dead. I cannot say in what condition they were 
buried, as 1 was never at the burying ground. All I know 
now about the dead is what I saw. I often went to the gate 



Tivetve Months in Afidersonville. 101 

and saw them hauling off the dead by wagon loads, Avithout 
giving any attention whatever to where they belonged or who 
they were. As the weather was very chilly and our clothing 
vei*y thin, we did not know what to do, for winter was just 
here. Oue day I was talking with some Kentucky prisoners 
who were almost naked. They said that some of their squad 
had been watching the sick and as soon as a man died, if he 
had any clothes on they took them off. " In this way," they 
said, "we have got much better clothes and we do not think 
there is any wrong done any one, as the clothes can do the 
dead no good, but can do us a sight of good." We talked the 
matter ovei» in my squad. My clothes were the nearest gone 
of any of the squad. I needed a coat badly, as I only had on, 
when captured, a blouse, and it was nearly gone. They said 
they thought I had better go over and see if I couldn't get a 
coat. As I had not been over to see the sick for several days, 
I went over and took a look through their part of the camp. I 
shall here relate what I saw, and no doubt many will say that 
I have misrepresented the condition of the sick and dead, but, 
God being my helper, it is the truth and nothing but the truth, 
and every word can be substantiated by living witnesses. 

As soon as I crossed the branch and came to the part occu- 
pied by the sick, I could see what the cold rains had done for 
the poor fellows. There were several hundred scattered over 
a small space. Many were ali-eady dead, many more were 
dying, others could not walk or stand, some were lying in the 
mud unable to get out of it. This was amongst the hardest 
sights I saw while I was a prisoner. Those who were dead 
were entirely naked, laying where they died, scattered over the 
ground in every direction. I walked over the ground and took 
a good look. When I went back to the hut the boys said to mo 
"What luck had jow ? " I told them what I had seen. " Oli, 
well, we can't help it. If I were you I would go over there 



102 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

every day until I got a coat or any other garment." The sight 
that I had witnessed seemed impossible for me to shake off. 
WKen I lay down that night I could see the poor fellows claw- 
ing up great handfulls of dirt and leaves as they were in the 
agonies of death, others begging for water, and still others 
making complaint of how cold they were. I could see in my 
imagination, those poor boys who were dead and had been 
stripped of their clothing. They had become so reduced before 
death that they were only skeletons. Their sunken eyes, 
extended cheek bones, and i-egular claw fingers, they seemed 
to haunt me for days, and to this day I can see them in my 
imagination as plain as I could on that cold November day in 
1864. I got up early the next morning and Avent over again. 
I saw several men who were dying and there would be from 
one to four men standing or sitting near by to strip him of his 
clothing as soon as the breath left his bodj^, and I have no 
doubt but what manj^ were stripjicd before they were dead. At 
last I came to a man that I saw was d^'ing. He had on pretty 
good clothes. I thought now is my chance, so I sat down on a 
stump near him as I saw ho would bo dead in a few minutes. 
I was not there long until up came two more men when one of 
them said, " Are you waiting for this man's clothes ? " I said, 
"That is what I am here for." "Well, that is our business, so 
wc will divide them as soon as he is dead. As you seem to 
have the oldest right which garment do you want ? " I said I 
wanted the coat. "All right," he said, "We will take the rest." 
I sat there a few minutes, and as it became lighter and I could 
see the horrible sights I felt sick. Getting up I walked away 
and returned to the hut. When the boys said, "Didn't you 
have any luck this time," I said no. I related what I had seen, 
and said to them, "If I freeze, all right, I will never take the 
clothes from a dead man's body." "Well, what will you do? 
You can't live through the winter without clothes." I said " I 



Twelve MontJis m Andersonville. 103 

will do the best I can, and when I turn up my toes you can 
carry mo out like the rest of the poor fellows." 

There was no excuse for the rebels treating the sick in 
this way, for we were in the midst of a pine forest, and any 
number of the prisoners would have gladly prepared shelter 
for the sick if they could have had the privilege to do so. 
But such privilege was denied them. It w^as not down on the 
plan of Jeff. Davis, John H. Winder and the rest of the rebels. 
Their plan was to kill off as many as they could, and as fast as 
they could. It is a well known fact and a matter of history, 
that John H. Winder boastingly said that he was killing and 
disabling more men than Lee was at the front. The prison at 
Millen was located on land owned by General A. K. Lawton. 
Lawton was educated by the U. S. and held the rank of Major 
I think. Ho deserted the flag that he had sworn to protect 
against all of its enemies and joined the so-called Confederacy. 
The prison at this place w^as named in honor of this man and 
ho arose to the rank of Commissary General in the Confederate 
army. 

Time began to wear very heavily on our hands. No new 
prisoners came in and we could hear nothing from the outer 
world. The weather had cleared up and was most delightful, 
only a little cool for those whose clothes were so thin that 
they afforded scarcely any protection. There was nothing of 
any exciting nature occurred until late in the month, when 
one night about ,ton o'clock, the Rebel sergeants who called 
the roll of the j^risoners, came in and ordered the first and 
second divisions to prepare to march at once, and the rest of 
the camp to be ready to leave at a minutes notice. It was one 
of the most cheerless nights I ever saw. The rain was pour- 
ing down in perfect torrents. There was a perfect confusion 
in the camp. All sorts of rumors were rife. The rebels said 
that the difficulty that had existed about our vessels coming 



104 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

up the Savannah Eiver to the city had at last been adjusted, 
and we were going back there to be exchanged and there were 
boats enough to take us all at once, and they were in a great 
hurry to get us there. They said all would go. There would 
be a special train for the sick as they intended to abandon this 
stockade. After an enormous amount of swearing by the 
Eebel officers and guards, we got outside of the gate and 
marched to the railroad, but there were no cars there. The 
officers seemed very impatient. It was near noon before we 
got aboard of the cars. The rain continued to fall, at times 
very hard. Many of the cars were flats. I was lucky in get- 
tin «• in a box car. Again our hopes were revived with the 
thought that we should once more see the Stars and Stripes. 
After we got aboard the cars we soon moved off. When 
we came to the " Y " our train took the road to Savannah. The 
car that I was in was filled with men from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois 
and Michigan. I fell in conversation with a man from Ohio 
who had been captured late in the summer camj)aign. I asked 
him what he thought of our prospects of getting exchanged at 
Savannah. He said, "I do not believe it. It is only another 
rebel lie told to deceive us, and you will find it out." I said, 
" What in the world do they mean by moving us from Millen 
so soon after going to such expense as they have to build such 
a stockade? " " Well," said he, " I think their plans have been 
badly frustrated, and they are a little puzzled to know what to 
do with us." I said, "What do you think is the cause of our 
removal? " " I think," said he, " they are afraid of Sherman. 
You see as far South as Sherman is, he can conduct a campaign 
better in the winter than in the hot summer, and I believe he 
has cut loose from Atlanta and is coming this way, and they 
have to get us out of his line of march." I said, "Do you have 
any idea that Sherman is able to force his way through the 
heart of the Confederacy ? " "I certainly do. You see Grant 



Twelve MontJis in Andersonville. 105 

is holding Lee at Petersburg so he cannot reinforce Johnson or 
Hood. I xuiderstaud that Hood has superceded Johnson, and 
is in command of the Eebel army near Atlanta, and I heard 
just before my capture that Hood was trying to flank Sherman 
and had gone to Tennessee. So you see that Sherman has 
nothing in his front but Joe Brown's Eeserve Brats, who will 
be no hindrance to him whatever, and I think Sherman will 
strike for the coast, either at Savannah or Mobile. Should he 
go to Savannah, we are right on his line of march. Should he 
strike for Mobile, Andersonville would be too close to his lines 
to be safe." I said, " if we are not to be exchanged where do 
you think they intend to take us? " " I do not know, nor do I 
believe they know themselves, but we shall soon see." The 
rain continued to fall in showers all day and part of the night. 
Our train thumped and pounded along over the road as usual, 
the axles fairly squeaking in the worn out boxes. I do not 
think they had received any oil for weeks from the noise they 
made. The Confederacy was getting hard uj:) for materials to 
operate a railroad. Toward evening the man from Ohio said 
to me, ." There are a lot of my regiment who have made ujj our 
minds to try and make our escape to-night, and if you wish 
would like to have you go with us." We talked the matter 
over. He said, " If wo can get off the train wc are going back 
jSforth, ai)d we think we will soon meet Sherman's army." I 
said, " My shoes are so hard I cannot wear them, and could not 
travel more than one night barefooted, and I fear it would only 
make my case worse." " Well, if you do not want to try it, I 
want you to help us off the cars at the proj^er time." I said I 
would do all in my power to help them. About 10 o'clock at 
night he came to mo and said, "I will now tell you our plan. 
There are twelve or fifteen of us, and we have discovered that 
wo can open the door on that side of the car (pointing to the 
door). We want you and this man here to take your blanket 



106 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

and hold it up in front of the door, while, one at a time, wo go 
behind it and drop to the ground. Your blanket will make a 
perfect screen between us and the guard in the other door, so 
that he will not be able to discover us as we drop to the 
ground. We will lay perfectly still until the train passes, then 
wc will get together and start back." The train Avas moving 
along very slow and the rain came down in a brisk shower. 
At last all the arrangements were completed. The leader was 
to go first. I took hold of one corner of the blanket and the 
other man took the other, holding it up before the door. It 
made a perfect screen. The leader jjassed behind it and 
pushed the door open. Then he took another man behind the 
screen, when ho took hold of the leader's hands and lowered 
him to the ground. As there was no alarm given the next 
man was dropped ; in this way we let fifteen oif, and the most 
of them got to Sherman's army. In a very few days, by some 
cause they became separated and a few were recaptured and 
returned in a week or so. I learned the full details from them 
when they returned. 

At last morning came, and at the dawn we approached 
Savannah, pulling in on the same street as when we were first 
taken there. The train halted. We wei*e ordered off the cars. 
There were dead men in almost every car. The poor fellows 
had received an exchange over which Jeff Davis, John .H. 
Winder and the rest of the rebel curses had no control. 
Details were soon ordered to carry the dead from the cars to a 
place designated for them. They were laid in a row, when 
soon some negroes came with carts and took them off and sunk 
them in a sand bank. No record of their names, regiment or 
the State to which they belonged, was made. They were sim- 
ply blotted out of existence as it were, and for what ! For 
doing their duty as U. S. soldiers. They had given their lives 
that the Grovernment might be maintained and the American 



Twelve Months m Andersonville. 107 

flag not dishonored. Were their lives given in vain? I think 
not. They have not been forgotten, though no record of their 
deeds can be found. Their light will shine when traitors will 
bo banished to everlasting perdition. 

Wo wore given a few substitutes for hard tack, something 
similar to what we received when we first went to Savannah, 
and were marched to the other side of the city and put on cars 
on the Gulf railroad, and soon started down the road. Wc were 
told this was only temporary, and that we would return in a 
few days as soon as our vessels came in. They said the city 
authorities objected to having us quartered in the city, and we 
would be run down the road. Of all the roads we had traveled 
over this was the worst. All the rolling stock and machinery 
that was good for service had been removed to other roads of 
more importance, as this road was of very little use to the 
Confederacy. Every few miles something would break down, 
cither the cars or engine, and the train would come to a stand- 
still when the rebel officers w^ould coax the prisoners to got out 
and help push the train over the grade or help patch up the 
old wheezy engine. There was no wood prepared along the 
road and no facilities for taking water. There were some 
negroes who rode on the tender who would gather up pine 
knots and fill the tender. When the water gave out they 
would stop by some swamj) and fill it iip with buckets. They 
insisted on the prisoners helping do the work but wo informed 
them that as we were on an excursion for pleasure, having been 
ordered doAvn here by Jeff Davis, we thought it hardly good 
manners to do any work. Whenever the train stopped wc 
were allowed to get off and build up fires while they were get- 
ting ready to move. Wo would often remain for hours at tho 
same place. This did us lots of good. We could see through 
the woods, see the birds flying about, see something free once 
more. We also instituted a raid on the graybacks which had 



108 Twelve Mo7iths hi Andersonville. 

become very numerous. Here was the first cremating that I 
had seen done. Our clothes had become so badly infected with 
the graybacks that it was too much of a job to pick them off. 
Some Yankee found that by building a fire out of pine 
knots, taking off your pants, putting two sticks crosswise in the 
waist, and taking the pants by the ends of the legs and holding 
them up over the fire, the legs Avould serve as stove-pipe to 
draw the heat. Then hold the pants high enough above the 
blaze so thej^ would not burn, and the heat would draw up the 
legs, Avhich would puff up every grayback to his fullest capacity 
when you would give the pants a shake and the lice would fall 
off in the fire. This was the most effectual way of getting rid 
of the pest I ever tried. Any ex-prisoner who was on that 
trip will tell you that this was a God-send to us. 

The country over which we were traveling was very poor. 
In all of our trij) on the Gulf road of eighty-five miles, from 
Savannah to Blackshear, there was not a single town or collec- 
tion of over one-half dozen houses. It was almost one unbroken 
forest, the soil very sandy and poor, and nothing seemed to 
thrive but the long-leaf pines. We were so long on the road 
that our rations gave out, and the guards were almost as bad 
off as we were. Our makeshift of an engine would give out 
oftener as the trij) lengthened and take longer to fix it up. 
There were some good mechanics among the prisoners, so at 
last they consented to go and repair the old wheezy concern on 
the promise that as soon as we got to Blackshear we would get 
rations, and not until we reached that point could we get any. 
"When the boys came back to the car from repairing the engine 
one of them declared that he believed this was the road that he 
had heard of where nothing remained but two streaks of rust 
and the right of way. The scurvy still lingered in our systems 
and we were in need of something green. When we made the 
stops we would get oft" and pull up what the natives call bull 



Twelve Mofiths in Andersonville. 109 

grass. It has a small wbite root, wliich was almost tasteless, 
3^et it seemed to supply a long-felt want, and it was eagerly 
sought after. After thumping along in this manner for five 
or six days we reached Blackshear, the county seat of Pearce 
county, Georgia, the largest county in the State, and having 
500 square miles of territory to every inhabitant. 



CHAPTEE XII. 



A Camp Without a Stockade — Signing a Bogus Parole — 
Kilpatrick's Cavalry — The Story of the Escape of 
Three of my Companions to the Coast, where they 
WERE Picked up by a Government Vessel. 



V\ 



, HEN we arrived at Blackshear, the train halted and 
we were told to get off. I looked about to see the 
town, but could not see as much as a resj^ectable dwelling. 
Was told that this was the count}^ seat of Pearce county, 
Georgia. Hero the same scene took place as at Savannah. 
There were dead men on most of the cars. They were taken 
off by order of the rebel officers and collected in one place 
near the railroad track, where a detail was made to bury them. 
They dug a long trench and laid the poor fellows in it. When 
this was finished we were ordered to fall in and marched out 
through the w^oods near a stream and were told that we would 
establish our camp hero for the present. Wo Avcro in a heavy 
forest and the boys commenced to build shanties the same as 
we did at Millen. We thought wo would make use of the 
material while it lasted. There was no stockade here. They 
placed a heavy guard around us, and several sections of 
artillery, in commanding places. After receiving rations, all 
hands began to erect their huts, as though wo were to remain 
here for the entire winter. Wo were so far south that the 



Twelve Months in Andersonville . H^ 

weather was very warm although it was the 1st of December. 
After we had been here for several days, a rebel officer came 
out and ordered the first division to fall in, and marched them 
outside of the guard line. Massing them close together ho 
presented a pajier, which he said was a parole, which he had 
been instructed to have us sign in order to save time when we 
returned to Savannah for exchange. Wo did not understand 
this and thought it was a rebel trick they desired to play on 
us. When some one said, " read it," the officer read it over, 
yet we were not satisfied, and said, " let some of our boys read 
it." "All right," he said, when a young fellow stepped out 
and taking the paper in his hand, the officer said, "get up on 
this stump and read this to these d — n fools that they maj" 
know for themselves that it is all right." The young man 
read off the parole carefully, and when he had finished it said, 
" this is all right, boj-s." Then the men said, "we will sign 
that," and such a cheer as they set up we had not heard since 
wo heard of the downfall of Atlanta, while at Andersonville, 
three months before. The cheering was taken up by those 
inside of the guard line, and when the boys got through 
cheering the officer said, " you will arrange yourself alphabeti- 
cally, and sign the rolls as fast as you can." When the rolls 
were finished there were two day's rations of corn meal issued 
to the men and they marched to the railroad, went aboard the 
cars and started back for Savannah. This process of parol- 
ing continued from day to day. Each day a train load was 
taken away until a number of trains had left. At last no more 
were taken out. The rebels said Ave would go in a few days. 
About a week after the last train load had left, one day we 
heard a big noise up towards the railroad. Looking -uj? the 
road we saw a large crowd of men coming down. Soon they 
came near enough that we could see they were prisoners and 

had a strong guard on each side of the road. We almost held 

8 



114 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

our bi'eath. At last some one said, what does this mean?" 
" It means," said a prisoner from Ohio who was standing near 
me, " that the d — d rebels have been lying to us again." Soon 
the boys came inside of the guard line. The guards were 
doubled, t'he artillery manned, the pieces were shotted and we 
were ordered to make no demonstration. Said the officer, " If 
you do we will open on you with these guns." The prisoners 
that came in were the last train load that had left us. Before 
they could reach the Charleston & Savannah railroad, Kilpat- 
rick's cavalry bad made a raid on it, destroying the road and 
capturing many rebels. There was nothing left for them but 
to return to us. Hence the strong guard and the secret of the 
paroling was out. It was apparent they had fears of our cav- 
alry, and that was why they paroled us. They had no idea of 
exchange. They wanted to get us to Charleston, or Florence, 
South Carolina. 

Ever since we had left Millen, up to this time, the guard 
and officers had been very mild, and did not seem to care 
whether we left or not. They would say, " If any of you are 
d — n fools enough to run away and lose your chance of ex- 
change what do we care? It will bo the worse for you." This 
kind of talk kept many a fellow from trying to escape, but 
now the secret was out and they changed their tune. They 
gave strict orders and established a dead line at once. After 
the first squad had left, we traded off our blankets and almost 
everything we had, thinking we would soon be in God's coun- 
try, where we could get much better blankets, etc. I had kept 
my woolen blanket that I got of the guard on my way from 
Eichmond to Andersonville, but I was so very hungry that I 
traded it off for an old quilt, getting a few sweet potatoes as 
"boot." The rebel that I traded it to seemed so honest that I 
could not help but put confidence in what he said, and I yet 
think he was deceived. He said, " I know you will go home, 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 115 

for I heard the Captain saj so, and this old quilt will do you 
until jou get back to Savannah, and the blanket will do me 
so much better this winter." 

After the return of the boys we knew there was no jjros- 
pect of exchange at this time, so we commenced to make 
arrangements to try to escape. "VVe made all the inquiries 
about the country and the distance to the coast. A number 
made their escape here, amongst them three of my acquaint- 
ances. I will here narrate what they told me after we got in 
God's country. All of my squad had gone out in the first lot 
that left, so I was alone as far as acquaintance was concerned, 
but I soon fell in with three fellows from Ohio who had been 
captured late in the campaign. The next day after the squad 
returned the boys said to me that they w^ere going to move 
that night, and if I thought I could stand the trip they would 
do all for me they could. They said, "We have made up our 
minds not to go to any house unless we are on the eve of 
actual starvation, and then only to the negro huts." I do not 
remember any of their names except one. His name was 
Cochrane, and he was the oldest of the three. He was to do 
all the talking for the squad. It was impossible for me to 
travel, as I had no shoes that I could wear, and one night in 
the brush would take off all my rags. I said, " It is useless for 
me to try it, and jjerhaps I would be a hindrance to the rest of 
you. I will not try it." They said, " We have here several 
things that we can not take with us. You can have them if we 
succeed in getting away; if we are captured and returned 
before you leave here we will all stay together." Cochrane 
said, "I have bribed one of the guards to let us pass, to-night. 
I am to give him this blanket. After we have got beyond the 
lines several rods, ho is to fire his gun into the air, so as to 
clear him should we be discovered by any other guard. We 
are to go at ten o'clock to-night. That post right there is 



116 Twelve Months iii Andersonville. 

where wc arc to go out. You can see from here whether we 
get out or whether he actually shoots at us or in the air." All 
arrangements being ready I gave them the address of my 
father, and they said, "if we get through we will write your 
folks, tell them where we saw you, and all about things in 
general." We built up a good fire. It blazed up nicely. At 
last the relief for ten o'clock came on duty. The boys taking 
up their few things and each of them taking me by the hand 
and bidding me good-bye, marched up to the guard, and I saw 
Cochi'ane hand the guard the blanket. As he took it, he turn- 
ed and marched up his beat. The boys passed out, I saw them 
start on a run. The guard turned about, stood for a few sec- 
onds, and then I heard the click of his musket. As he cocked 
it I fairly held my breath, for the next instant I saw the flash 
of his gun, but coilld not tell whether he shot at them or not, 
but I could hear no noise outside. At the same time he called 
out, "Corporal of the guard, post No. 4." In a very short time 
the corporal and officers of the guard came running up to the 
fellow. They inquired the cause of alarm. " Well," said the 
guard, "I thought I saw some Yankees out there and I fired, 
but I did not hear anything after I fired."' The officer went 
out, looked around a little, but soon returned and reprimanded 
the guard for giving a false alarm. Ho said, "Y"ou do not want 
to get scared at the shadow of these d — d Yankees, and before 
you fire an}^ more you want to be sure it is a real live one, and 
then give it to him." But the boj'S had made their escape. I 
sat by the fire for more than an hour. I was now entirely 
alone as far as acquaintances. At last I lay down to dream of 
the boys and home. 

I had the pleasure of meeting all throe of these boys five 
months after this time, and under very different circumstances. 
We met this time in God's country, in a land of plenty, and 
where traitors were not allowed to dictate to us. The boys 



Twelve Months in Afidersonville. 117 

said the first night they were out they made good time, travel- 
ing fully twenty miles before day-light. They secreted them- 
selves in a thicket, and two would sleep at a time while the 
other kept a lookout. As soon as it was dark they started 
again and again made good time. This night they crossed a 
field and found a sweet potato j^atch. Taking all they could 
carry not to load themselves down, they made their way south. 
The weather was warm and clear so they had no trouble in 
shaping their course. They made for the coast of Floi'ida 
where our blockading vessels lay. The second night they 
made good time and again hid in a thicket. In this manner 
they traveled for several nights, at last coming to a poor 
stretch of country where they could find nothing to cat. 
Being worn out by traveling through the swamps and thickets, 
they became so hungry that they thought the}' Avould have to 
give up. At lapt they reached a turpentine orchard, and 
secreted themselves in a thicket. As the warm sun came up 
they fell asleep and when they awoke it was late in the after- 
noon. While the party were deliberating what they should do 
they saw a black man gathering the turpentine from the trees, 
and made up their minds to surround him and capture the fel- 
low should he try to make his escape. They worked their 
way round the fellow unobserved when they closed in on him. 
He was badly surprised at first but when told who they were, 
and what they wanted, he said he was the overseer of the or- 
chard and it was several miles to his masters or any other white 
persons. They asked him if he would give them something to 
eat. He said he would, and they concluded to go to his cabin, as 
he assui-ed them that there was no danger. His wife soon had 
their supper ready, which consisted of corn bread and fat pork. 
The couple also provided them with some provisions and the 
man guided them through a swamp, giving them all the infor- 
mation he could. He traveled with the party until in the after 



118 Twelve MontJis i7i Andersonville. 

part of the night, when they came to another old darkey's 
cabin, whom he called up and told who the visitors were. And 
when the fugitives wanted to go, he said he would go 
with them to a certain darkey's, who would conduct them fur- 
ther. In this manner they were piloted through by the dar- 
kies, each one going as far as he could, so as to get back before 
daylight. After many nights they came to a place where the 
darkies said they could take them no further, as they could not 
cross the swamp and get back the same night. As they would 
have to go many miles around in order to cross, and all the 
roads leadijig through the swamp were picketed by the rebels, 
they did not know what to do, but again thought they would 
have to give up. Finally a young darkey said if they would 
take him with them up North he would go. This was readily 
agreed to. The party had a terrible time getting through the 
swamp, but finally succeeded, and early next morning they 
came to the beach. The darkey said, " Eight out there the 
boats lay." The fog was so heavy they could not be seen. The 
sun came up, the fog disappeared, and they could at first see the 
outlines of a boat, and soon discovered that it was one of the 
Union vessels. They hoisted their blouse on a pole and sig- 
naled the boat. Along in the afternoon they saw them lower 
a small boat and start towards the bank. The}' came more 
than half way when they turned and went back. Oh, how 
their hearts sank within them. The next day they kept sig- 
naling all the time, but no boat came out. The third day they 
became almost wild, as they knew they could not stay much 
longer, as they had nothing to eat. They made a more deter- 
mined effort than ever, and could see the officers on the boat 
watching them, and from their actions were certain they were 
using their glasses. They tried every way they could to make 
them understand they were friends and not enemies. At last 
they saw them lower a boat, three men getting into it, and 



Twelve Months in Andersoitville. 119 

pulling direct for the shore. They came rapidly towards the 
shore until they were within forty or fifty rods, when they 
halted. 

The refugees could see that there was some trouble. In a 
minute or so the sailors commenced to row, and the escaped pris- 
oners met them at the beach, when the officer asked who they 
were. They told their story. He said, " Get into the boat and 
let us hurry back, for the woods here are full of guerrillas, and 
we may be fired upon." They stepjjed into the boat and pushed 
out for the vessel. When the boat stopjDcd while it was coming 
to the rescue, it was on account of the sailors refusing to row 
any further. They said that the party were rebels and that 
they did not want to be made prisoners. The officer having a 
glass could see better, and had been thoroughly convinced that 
they were escaped prisoners. When they stopped and refused 
to obey the officer, he took out his revolver, cocking it, and 
holding it in his right hand, he took out his watch with his left 
hand and said to the sailors : " I give you two minutes to 
commence to row, and at the expiration of that time, if you 
persist in your mutiny, I will kill j^ou." The sailors, knowing 
the officer, felt that it was a case of life or death with them, 
and thought they had better obey the officer and take the 
chance of being made prisoners. 

Arrived at the vessel, the boys were received kindly and 
treated with all the care that could be lavished upon them. 
They were clothed with a new suit of clothes and given plenty 
to eat, remaining on this boat until the supply boat came, 
which was several weeks later, when they were sent North, 
stopping at Hilton Head, South Carolina. They remained 
there for several days, when tliey were sent to New York. 
From there they came here, landing this morning. I said to 
him, " How long were you getting to the coast? " He said, 
" Six weeks from the time we left you until we reached the 



120 Twelve Months in Andersofiville. 

coast, and wc never saw a white man or a woman during that 
time." " What did you do with the negro ? " " We left him 
at New York. A doctor took him for his coachman and said 
he would take good care of him and write us occasionally how 
he was doing." Eemcmber, this conversation took place five 
months after we parted at Blackshear. I went up to the bar- 
racks and saw the other two fellows. They seemed very glad 
to see me, and said they had often talked about me. " But," 
said they, •' we never expected to see you here. We thought 
3'Ou would reinforce some of the sand banks in Georgia before 
this, but we see you have outgeneraled them this time." 



CHAPTEE XIII. 



Another Move — The Eebels Fire the Huts — Several 
Prisoners Concealed in the Trenches Badly Burned — 
A Short Stop at Thomasville — Southern Unionists — 
A Seven Days' March — Terrible Suffering of the 
Prisoners — A Beef Broth From a Bone Thrown Away 
By the Guards — Escape of a Naked Bather — Once 
More in Sight of Andersonville Stockade. 

FEW days after the boys left wc were ordered to be 
ready to leave our cami?. All being ready wc started 
for the railroad. After we left camp and got out on the road wo 
were halted. It seemed that after we left our huts some of 
the guards found one of our boys concealed and raised the 
alarm. Some of the rebel officers went back and u^jon exam- 
ination of the camp they found several of our boys concealed. 
Our boys, upon learning that wo were to bo moved and go 
fui'ther South, dug ditches in their huts long and deep enough 
to hold a man, covering them over with fine brush, and when 
the order was given to leave they crawled in this ditch and 
were covered over by their friends. They hoped to remain 
concealed until the rebels had left and then try and got to 
Sherman. When the officers went back to camp and dis- 
covered the situation they ordered all the huts fired. They 
burned readily and made a very hot fire. There were a num- 



122 Twelve Mo^it/is in Ajidersonville. 

ber of boys severely burned ; being in the trenches ther could 
not get out until they were badly burned. They came up to 
the rest of us. receiving no attention whatever. Some were so 
badly injured that they could scarcely see. All the hair was 
burned off their heads and their arms and faces were dreadfully 
scorched. It was reported that some were burned up, and the 
rebels never denied the charge so far as I ever heard. Several 
years ago I met one of the prisoners who was burned. He 
was badly disfigured about the face. 

We went aboard the cars and started down the road. The 
same old squeaky cars and wheezy engine. We made very 
slow time. The rebels were bringing up the Florida coast 
guards to assist in keeping Sherman out of Savannah. We 
were run in on a switch at one place while a train load of those 
fellows halted beside us. They had on board of their train a 
very fine battery from Tallahassa. Florida. They were on flat 
cars the same as we were. Our boys would halloo at them. 
We would say, '■ Hurry up I Uncle Billy will put on the sec- 
ond relief I '' '-Yes," they said, "you will see we will have Bill 
Sherman and all the rest of his cut-throats in the same fix as 
you are before many days." We would say, "Go ahead. You 
will never get to load those guns if you get within twenty-five 
miles of Sherman. Some of his bummers will take charge of 
them, when you will get a free ride up !Xorlh." At last they 
pulled out and left us in high glee at the idea of capturing 
Sherman. We saw some of these fellows after the war was 
over at Jacksonville, Florida, when we asked them about their 
success. Said they : " We went down the road at a rapid rate 
until we came within about twenty miles of Savannah. All at 
once our engine gave a fearful blast. The engineer called for 
brakes, the train came to a halt, some of us jumped off and ran 
ahead to see what was the matter. Just as we got to the engine 
we saw that the rails were taken up, and when we looked out 



Twelve iMcniths in Andei'sonville. 123 

in the woods we saw a line of blue coats with a battery ready 
to fire at the word of command. What could we do?" I said, 
''I suppose you could surrender." '-That was just what we 
did do, and as quick as we could, as we saw there was no time 
to parley, and in a few minutes we saw the Yanks take charge 
of our battery. " 

Our train thumped and pounded along at a slow rate for a 
day or two. At last we came to Thomasville. and were told to 
get off the cars. It was raining pretty hard. It was about ten 
O'clock at night. We were marched out to the woods about 
one-half mile from the town, and went into camp. The next 
morning I got up and took a good look at our camp. Xo one 
seemed to be inclined to build shanties. There was plentv of 
wood, so we kept up big fires all night. This was a much bet- 
ter part of the country than we had left. The soil was pretty 
good. The town seemed to have some life. We were told that 
before the war many rich planters made this place their home. 
There were some very handsome residences in the place. We 
had not been here long until a large lot of negroes came out 
and commenced a ditch around the camp throwing the dirt up 
in a ridge. It formed a pretty good breast-work. The guards 
walked on top of the ridge. The artillery was planted at suita- 
ble places. There was a heavy guard kept around us all the 
time. While we remained here the weather cleared up, and 
was very warm, so much so that we were glad to get under 
shade during the greater part of the day. We did not stop at 
Thomasville more than ten or twelve days until we were 
informed that we would go back to Andersonville. They said, 
"We have sent up there after more guards and as soon as they 
arrive we will start for that place." So one evening we heard 
quite a commotion up at the station. It was caused by two 
regiments who had just arrived from Andersonville. In a 
short time we received orders to be ready to start on the 



124 Twelve Moitths in Andersonville. 

march. The next day while we were in this camp many citi- 
zens came out to see us, and some seemed to be very much 
affected at the sight they saw, and manifested much symj^athy 
for us. I have reason to believe that there was a strong union 
feeling in this town. I made some inquiries about the distance 
Ave would have to march, and w^as told that we were about 
sixty-five miles almost due south of Albany, which place, at 
that time, was the terminus of the Georgia Central Eailroad. 
We would have to march across the counti-y to that place and 
from there we would go on the cars to Andersonville. The 
next morning after the arrival of the guards, we broke camp 
and started on this march which lasted six or seven days. "Wo 
did not make more than eight miles the first day. That night 
thei'c came up a heavy rain storm and the weather turned cold 
for that country. We camped in the woods, receiving a small 
quantity of corn meal and a small piece of fresh beef The 
next morning we resumed our march. It was terrible. The 
roads were muddy and we traveled through a low, wet country, 
most of the day. Many of the boys gave out. What became 
of them I do not know. Should anyone who reads these lines 
know what became of the boys who gave out on this march, 
and let me know, it w^ould be a great favor. At night 
we again camped in the woods close to a large plantation, 
receiving the same amount of rations as before. We now 
crossed a better stretch of country, passing many small farms, 
and on every farm was a small field of tvirnips. The guards 
would help themselves, throwing us the tops. Many lively 
tussels were had to get those turnip tops. They w^erc very 
careful never to throw us a turnip. Thus we plodded along 
from day to day. The weather on the 23d of December got so 
cold that it froze the mud in the road. We started early in the 
morning so we could reach the Flint river that day. As no 
one had any shoes and had marched over fifty miles barefooted 



Twelve Months i7i Andersonville, 125 

through the mud and sand, their feet were worn out. This 
day you could track the men by the blood. Many of them did' 
not take a stej) without leaving blood in their track. We 
reached the river late in the afternoon of December 24th and 
went into camp at Blue Sjjring, about two miles below Albany. 
While on the march this day I was lucky in picking up a beef 
bone which the guards had thrown down when they had 
marched over the road some ten or twelve days before. I car- 
ried it until we went into camp when I got an old hatchet from 
a friend, splitiug the bone up in small pieces. It being the 
knuckle joint there was some nourishment in it. I took the 
pieces and boiled them, drinking the broth. I have been very 
hungry since that time and before it, but I never tasted any- 
thing half as good as that broth did at that time, for I had been 
80 hungry that I had chewed sticks during the day to satisfy 
the cravings of my stomach. I had no salt. After drinking 
at least one quart of the broth and chewing the bones I lay 
down to rest and fell asleep. When I woke up I was very 
sick. The bones had laid so long in the sun that they were 
badly tainted, and I had drank too much of the broth. Next 
morning, Dec. 25th, the sun came up clear and nice. Many 
people came out from town and the surrounding country to see 
the Yankees, avc being the first that had ever been in that part 
of the country. During the day the boys were allowed to goto 
the river and bathe. For my part I did not feel like going 
into the water. I was sitting on the bank watching the boys. 
There wore two or three hundred in the water. The guards 
did not seem to think there was any danger of the boj'S trying 
to cross the river, being entirely naked. I noticed some fellows 
that kept working their way out farther and farther. At last 
one fellow struck out for the opposite side of the river. The 
guards did not notice him until he was near the middle of the 
stream when they called to him to come back, but he had no 



126 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

intention of coming back, but made greater efforts to reach the 
opposite bank. At last they commenced to tire at him, but 
their aim was bad and he soon reached the ojoposite shore. 
Pulling himself up the bank, he was out of range of their guns. 
He turned and saluted and then started off at a lively pace. 
What became of him I do not know, but I know that it stopped 
the bathing mighty quick. About noon it clouded up, and 
along in the evening it commenced to rain. The wind blew a 
perfect gale. This was as disagreeable a night as I ever saw. 
We had used up all the wood that was inside of the guard line, 
so we had no tire and no shelter. About three o'clock in the 
night orders came for us to go up to the bridge that spanned 
the river. It was a covered bridge and would afford us some 
shelter. When we got there we were met by some officers who 
ordered us to go over to the railroad and get in the cars ; we 
were more dead than alive. We remained aboard the cars 
until morning before the train started. As the depot was 
right in the town, we could see that it was a place of consider- 
able importance. There were hundreds of cotton bales piled 
up along the track. At last the signal was sounded and our 
train moved uji the track. It did not seem to make much 
difference to us where we went for our fare was just the same. 
The country looked about the same and the inhabitants seemed 
to be near relations to each other. We did not expect much 
sympathy from them and did not receive much. At last our 
train reached Americus, where we halted for awhile. There was 
an old gentleman standing on the platform at the depot who 
commenced to talk to us. From him we learned more than we 
had from any one else. He said they were filling up the stock- 
ade at Andersonville. He said Bill Sherman and his cut- 
throats had gone clear through the State and had fetched up 
at Savannah, and he did not know where the trifling whelp 
would go next, but said, "I think he will try to prance around 



Twelve Months in Andersonville . 127 

in South Carolina same as he has in this State, but I tell you 
he will have a different set of fellows over there and if he does 
not get his head in a halter I am fooled." We asked him what 
Hood was doing. " Gh, he thought he would slip away from 
Sherman and go over in Tennessee and maybe he would get 
ujjin Kentuek." •' Well, I guess Hood has found his match up 
there. Old Pap Thomas is enough for him." " Well," said he, 
"they have been having some pretty hard fighting up there." 
We asked him why they did not stop Sherman before he went 
clear through the State. "Oh ! we did not have any troops to 
set afore him but Joe Brown's Eeserves, and they are a power- 
ful ornery set in a fight." "Yes," said some of the boys, "that 
is what we think. The}' would find it quite different to face a 
regiment of blue coats to what they do in guarding us poor 
starved Yankees." At last the train started, and we passed 
over a pretty fair part of the country. Along in the afternoon 
we halted and were told to get oft' the cars. The first man we 
saw was Captain Wirz. He was flourishing his big navy revol- 
ver and swearing terribly. The weather was cloudy, cold and 
damp. We were formed in line when the old process of count- 
ing began, Wirz walking up and down the line making all 
kinds of threats. From where wo stood we could see over in 
the stockade. At last we had been arranged in hundreds and 
divisions and started for the stockade. 



CHAPTEE XIV. 



My Eeturn to Andersonville — Homeless, Shelterless and 
Friendless — A Five Cent Eow— I Open a Tin Shop and 
Become Known as the Tenth Street Tinker— Supplied 
WITH Eaw Material Unexpectedly — Fresh Arrivals — 
How " Old Baldy " Eevived our Hopes and Stirred up 
THE Anger of the Eebels. 

'EEIVED at the gate of the stockade wc were halted for 
a few minutes when the gates opened and we passed 
inside. Imagine our despondency when we took a survey of 
the situation. The weather was cold and veiy damp, and you 
cannot conceive a more cheerless situation than we were then 
placed in. No tents or shelter of any kind were given us, no 
wood to build fires with. My worldly possessions consisted of 
one old quilt and a small cup. Many of the boys were alone 
as far^as old comrades or any member of their regiment were 
concerned, having been separated from them in our several 
removals. I was one of the number. I walked over the 
prison to sec if I could find anyone that I knew and at the 
same time looking out for a place to stay; but, after spending 
considerable time I gave up all hope of finding any one of my 
former friends. About the time we left the prison in Sejitem- 
ber the rebels had allowed our boys to erect two long sheds on 
the north side of the prison. They were to be used as a 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 129 

hospital. There was no siding put on them, just simply a 
rough frame and roof of split boards. I went over there late 
in the evening and found fifty or more like myself looking for 
a place to stay. There were about a dozen of us who went 
together and fixed up a place in one of the sheds which we 
called our own. There we remained several days and nights. 
The weather was very cold and having no clothing we suff'ered 
terribly. We would all lay down together and crowd up to 
each other as close as we could to get all the warmth j^ossible, 
one from the other. In this way we spent our time, only get- 
ting out long enough to answer at roll call and draw our 
rations. After eating our scanty supply we would lay down 
and remain as quiet as we could. We had been here but 
a short time until we were bothered terribly with the gray- 
backs. As soon as we would begin to get a little warm they 
would commence their daily and nightly drill. They would 
have division, brigade, regiment and company drills, ending 
up with a general review. When those large fellows began to 
prance around in front of the lines it would make some one 
halloo out, "I must turn over, 1 can't stand this any longer! " 
So we would all turn to the right or left as the case might be. 
This would stop the 'chaps for a short time. The weather 
remained cold for a number of days with rain every day 
or two. At last one cold rainy evening, a lot of guards came 
over to the sheds and ordered us out. Said they were ordered 
to move us to the south side of the Branch and no one would 
be allowed on the north side but the sick. This was a dread- 
ful blow to us. While we were very cold we could keep dry 
under the sheds. Now to be turned out in a cold rain was 
terrible. But go we must, for it was the order of Caj)tain Wirz 
and must be obeyed. I wrapped my old quilt around my body to 
keep me as warm as possible. After we crossed the Branch, 
we commenced to patrol the camp to see if we could find any- 



130 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

one we could stop with. After spending one or two hours in 
this manner, just about sunset, I was standing at the foot 
of what was known as Tenth street. It was raining veiy 
hard, and I had about given up all hojjes of finding a jDlace to 
stop. While I was standing here I noticed two j'oung men in 
a dug-out near and from their actions I thought they were talk- 
ing about me. Pretty soon one of them spoke uj? and said, 
" Are 3^ou one of the boys that have just been sent over here 
from the sheds?" I said I was. He said, "Have you no 
place to stop?" I said I had found no place yet. He said, 
"How would you like to stop with us? We have room here 
for three. One of our boys was taken sick and has gone out 
to the hospital and you can take his place if you like." I was 
more than glad to accept the offer. They had dug a hole in 
the ground about eighteen inches deep and had covered one 
side with an old blanket. The other side and end was 
thatched with pine leaves. The j)lace was just large enough 
for lis to lay down in and be comfortable. We could use my 
old quilt for a cover. I felt very fortunate to get so good 
a place and they expressed themselves as being more than 
pleased in getting a partner who was the owner of so much 
worldly goods ! 

After we had fixed up for the night the usual inquiry was 
made as to what command do you belong. I said, " I belong 
to Company F, 13th Eegiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry." 
" Where were you taken?" "At Chester Station, Virginia." 
"What regiment do you belong to?" "We belong to Com- 
pany K, 53rd Illinois regiment; were caj^tured at Guntown, 
Mississippi. We were taken while on the raid under General 
Sturgis. We do not think Sturgis is much of a General or he 
would not have been drawn into such a trap and lost the most 
of his command." I found my new friends to be nice fellows. 
I would like very much to hear from them if they are living 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 131 

Their names were David Scolstock and Herman Hensler. 
Scolstock lived near Livingstone, Illinois, and Hensler lived 
near St. Louis. I have Scolstock's photograph which he sent 
me after he got home. I have written to him but can get no 
answer. If an}' one should read these lines and know of 
his whereabouts aiid would let me know it would be thank- 
fully 'received. 

I remained with these boys during the rest of my impris- 
onment. We fixed up our tent as last as we could, and in the 
course of ten daj's or two weeks we had a pretty good house 
for Andersonville. Upon looking around and making inquiries 
I found that most of the boys in our immediate vicinity, like 
myself, had been separated from their regiment. We formed a 
squad for our own mutual protection out of this class of boys. 
There were not more than three or four from any one regi- 
ment, and our squad numbered about forty. After wc had 
become acquainted we felt secure, felt that we were able to 
secure our rights with any other squad in the prison, and 
during the rest of our confinement there was not one of our 
squad proved untrue to us, but were always ready to help any 
of the squad in need of help. To illustrate this, I will narrate 
a little incident that hapjjened a short time after our acquaint- 
ance. I commenced to repair tin cups, spoons, etc., and was 
fortunate enough to get ten cents from a fellow for repairing 
his bucket. I took the ten cents and went up the street to a 
squad of New Yorkers who had peas for sale. I bought five 
cents' worth and handed the fellow ten cents. He took it. I 
said, " Why don't you give me the change ? " He said, " There 
is nothing coming to you." I said, "I gave you ten cents and 
have here but five cents' worth of peas." " Five cents is all 
you gave me," he said. I said, "That is a mistake. I gave 
you ten cents, and there it is now." He said, "You are a liar.'' 
I said, " I am not, but 3'^ou are if you say I did not give you ten 



132 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

cents." He said, "If you repeat that I will slap your mouth." 
I said, " Try that, and I think I will give one lying Yankee all 
he wants." I thougHt I could handle the fellow and I saw 
that he was not over anxious for the job, but just back of him 
lay a big burl}^ fellow, who raised ujd and said, " Billy, if you 
-don't slap that fellow 1 will slap you." I knew now that I had 
stirred up a hornet's nest. The fellow started for me,' and I 
thought the best thing I could do was to "git and git," which 
I did with the fellow after me. We went down the street at a 
lively pace, and when near our squad a big fellow by the name 
of Rood, from Michigan, raised up just as the fellow was reach- 
ing for me. Rood was very tall and had long arms. He yelled 

out, "You s — n of a b h, what are 3'ou after ?" At the same 

time he gave the fellow a good blow, which stopped him. As 
he started back Eood started after him, applying the toe of 
his boot to the fellow's lower extremities. In the excitement 
Rood followed him too far, and a half-dozen or more of the fel- 
low's companions made for him. Rood succeeded in getting 
away without getting hurt. A few days after this Rood was 
up to the sutler's, and some of the New Yorkers saw him, 
when the whole squad made for him. He tried to get back 
to our squad, but they had cut off his retreat; he took around 
the sutler house with two or three after him. They had it 
around and around. Every little while they would get a lick 
in, and as often he would return it. He found he was getting 
tired out, made a desperate effort to break through their lines, 
which he succeeded in doing, but not without receiving many 
bruises. When he came to the squad he was bleeding 
freely. After we learned the circumstances our squad was for 
going up and cled,ning out the Kew Yorkers, and would have 
done so, but for the timely advice of Mr. Ellis, of Boston, Mas- 
sachusetts. He said he thought we had better let it go. If we 
went up there we would all get bruised up more or less and we 



Twelve Mo7tths in A^idersonville. 133 

had better drop the matter. By the way, this Mr. Ellis, I 
think, ranked much higher than First Sergeant, as his stripes 
showed. I have always thought that he ranked as high as 
Colonel or Brigadier, and had concealed his rank from the 
rebels for i:)urposes best known to himself I do not think his 
real name was Ellis; I think that Avas a fictitious name. He 
was a perfect gentleman, and remained in our squad until our 
release. I spent many hours in conversation with him. He 
told me that his occupation before the war was that of boot 
and shoe dealer in the city of Boston. Prom him and two men 
from Maine I received many favors. The favors consisted in 
supplying me with some tools to set up shop with. They soon 
found out that I was a mechanic and pretty handy at repairing 
cooking vessels. One gave me part of an old jack-knife, which 
was beyond price at that time. Another gave me several darn- 
ing needles to make drills of, and many useful articles. Cooking 
utensils were so scarce and the demand so great that I opened 
up a regular shop for the manufticture and repair of those 
articles. This, I think, had as much to do in saving my life 
as any one thing. It gave employment to my mind as well 
as exercise to ray body. In addition I received more rations, 
and so I had more to eat. 

I opened up my shop for the repair of buckets, cups, and 
spoons with the outfit of tools that I had at my residence on 
Tenth street. I added, from time to time, such tools as I could 
get, and soon found myself in possession of what was then 
considered a good outfit. I had two railroad spikes, one old 
jack-knife with the large blade broken off, so it was not more 
than one inch long, two darning needles which I had made 
drills of, one five-inch easy running file, one old back-spring 
of a knife which I made a punch with. I soon received a good 
jiatronage, had all the work I could do from morning until 
night, day after day. This gave me steady employment, and 



134 Twelve Months in Afidersonville. 

for my work I received a certain portion of corn meal from 
the boys that I engaged work from. It would take two weeks 
for a fellow to pay for making a bucket. He would give me 
each day for a certain number of days, two or three spoonfuUs 
of meal, just as he thought he could spare it. In this way I 
soon had many fellows indebted to me and just as soon as they 
drew their rations they would come around and give me the 
amount due for that day. I soon accumulated a good supply 
of meal and beans and with this extra amount of rations and 
the exercise it gave to earn it, my health began to improve 
and I began to feel like myself once more. I now took hold 
of life with more determination to try and live through. The 
weather through the month of January was cold and damp 
most of the time. There would be days at a time that you 
could scarcely see a man on the move inside of the prison, only 
at roll call or time of drawing rations. They would sj)end the 
entire time in their dug-outs, trying to keep as warm as possi- 
ble. Whenever there would come a warm day and the sun 
shone out clear for three or four hours in the afternoon, yob. 
could see hundreds of men doing skirmishing duty. They 
would go on the north side of the Branch and arrange them- 
selves on the south side of the hill, facing the south. Then 
operations would commence. Each fellow would take off his 
clothes aiad search the seams for gray-backs. In this way they 
could get rid of the largest of them, when hostilities would 
cease until another favorable day came. I have seen a thous- 
and or more engaged at a time trying to exterminate the pest. 
This was an every day occurrence when the weather was 
favorable. 

The latter part of January, one cold damp evening, I 
received orders to rejDort at the gate. I asked, " What do they 
want of me? " The guard said, " I dunno, that is the ordahs." 
I said, "I have not violated any prison rule that I know of, and 



Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 135 

I can't think what they want of me." "Well," said he, "I have 
given you the ordahs and yoii had better go." I said, "I won't 
go. If you want me you can take me, but I will not go of my 
own accord." He insisted that I had better go. At last Mi*. 
Ellis said to me, " I think you had better go, for if they want 
you they will come and take you, and it will only make matters 
worse for you." I studied over the matter for a minute when 
1 said to Mr. Ellis, "I think you are a man of good judgment, 
and I will take your advice, and let the consequences be what 
.they may." When I started for the gate I said to the boys, 
"Good-bye, if I never see you more." They said, "We hope 
nothing bad will happen you." Dave Scolstock said, "I am 
going with you to the gate and see what the trouble is." Wo 
walked up to the gate and stood there for a minute or two, 
when the officer asked if Long had come yet. I stepped out 
and said that I was the chap he sent for. "All right," he said. 
You can now imagine my feelings better then I can describe 
them. Moments seemed hours to me. At last he opened the 
gate, when I saw two boys from Illinois that I was acquainted 
with, who had been detailed to go outside and help bury the 
dead. The officer said to them, "Is that the fellow ? " 
When they said, "He is," the officer pointing to me, 
said, "the boys have a pack of stuff they want to give 
to you." The older of the two, stepping forward, ex- 
tended me his hand, which I clasi^ed, and at the same 
time said, "Wo have hero a pack of goods which we think 
will be of value to you." He stooped down and picked up a 
large roll of tin, and a good sujDply of rivets, handing them to 
me. They said, "We hope this will be the means of helping 
you through." I thanked them for their kindness, when the 
officer said, "You must get inside the stockade." Bidding my 
friends good-bye I walked inside of the stockade. Scolstock 
was still standing there. He said, "what in the world have 



136 Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 

you got?" I answered, "I am not able to tell you yet." He 
said, "Who gave it to you? " When I had told him we went 
down to the dug-out where the rest of the boys were. We 
found them discussing the "whys and wherefores" of my being 
taken out. They had about come to the conclusion that it was 
because I was engaged in working for the boys, and were 
about as greatly surjirised at seeing me back so soon as I was 
in getting back. We unrolled the tin and found it was part 
of the roof of a car that had been wrecked a few days before. 
They gathered up a large lot of the tin and took it to Captain 
Wirz's headquarters, where they obtained permission to give it 
to me. I have bought many a box of tin since that day, but I 
am free to say that those few sheets of tin were worth more to 
me at that time than all I have purchased since. 1 now com- 
menced the manufacture of buckets for cooking purposes, and 
I have no doubt that some of the boys are still living who used 
these buckets. I made one for myself which I brought through 
the lines when I got back to God's country. 

There were no new prisoners received during the month 
of January. Those that did come in were some that had been 
held at other prisons for several months. It was a very long 
month to us. We could get no fresh news from our armies and 
did not know what had become of Sherman. It made us very 
restless, yet we reasoned in this way that if they had defeated 
Sherman there would be some new prisoners coming in, and as 
there were none, it was fair to presume that they had not 
defeated him. At last, February opened more pleasant, and 
we felt in better cheer, as we could take more exercise, and the 
boys began to sing patriotic songs, something we had not 
heard for weeks. One day we heard a big noise up at the rail- 
road, and looking over that way we saw a sight that made our 
hearts sink within us. There were a thousand or more pris- 
oners being arranged in hundreds preparatory to coming in 



Twelve Months hi Andersonville. 13T 

the stockade. We looked oue at the other and asked ourselves 
what it meant, had they really captured Sherman's army, and 
were they bringing it here. We asked one of the guards 
where they were from and he laughed and said, " That is some 
of your Uncle Billie's boys that you seem to think so much of." 
" You do not mean to say they are a part of Sherman's army 
do you?" "Certainly I do. Did we not tell you that we 
would soon have him in the same fix as you ! '' Pretty soon 
we saw them start for the stockade. We got as near the gate 
as we could, every fellow trying to learn first who they were. 
As soon as the gate opened and they began to file through we 
began to ask them questions. Almost every boy called out, 
" What command do you boys belong to?" You can imagine 
our relief when they said, "Banks'." The next word would be 
where are you from? They said from Cahaba, Alabama. 
" How long have you been prisoners?" Some said two months 
and others said four. At last I cornered a fellow from whom 
I learned that they were the odds and ends of several small 
prisons in Alabama, and had been taken while on different 
scouts from time to time until there were more at Cahaba than 
they could keep, hence they were sent up here. Among them 
was a Baptist preacher who belonged to a Chicago battery. 
He was brimful of patriotism, and was a fluent talker, and I 
think hated a rebel as bad as any man I ever saw. The first 
evening they were in it was given out that about dark this 
man, who was called by his prison friends " Old Baldy," would 
make a speech. About dark I saw a large crowd gathering 
about the center of the j)rison. I walked up there and soon 
he began to speak. He spoke about twenty minutes. I 
thought it was the best speech that I ever listened to in my 
life. He exhorted the boys to prove true to the old flag. Said 
he, "I tell you this blasted Eebellion cannot succeed. It was 
born in sin and cradled in iniquity, and it is going to pieces 



138 Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 

like a ship driven vipon a rock. Bill Sherman is at this time 
cutting a swath through South Carolina forty miles wide." At 
this the boys began cheering, and after they had cheered until 
they were hoarse, some one started up " Eally round the flag, 
boys," when it was taken up all over the camp. The rebels 
became very much alarmed fearing that in our excitement we 
would make an attempt to force the stockade, but as no one 
went towards the stockade but rather went from it, there was 
no cause for them to fire on us. After the excitement abated 
the announcement was made that he would speak the next 
evening, but what he had said had put new life in the camp. 
There had not been as much stir in camp for weeks together, 
as there seemed to be this night. Everybody seemed cheered 
up. The old man had been a prisoner but a few days and was 
well posted in what was going on in our armies. I had the 
pleasure of meeting this old man here in old Antioch after the 
war was over, and many of our citizens no doubt will remem- 
ber him. He preached one or two sermons in the Christian 
church while here. He was then on his way to Philadelphia 
to attend the general conference. 

All the next day the boys Avere in good cheer. You could 
see groups gathered together all over the prison discussing 
the situation. Evening came, and all of the prisoners were 
anxious to hear what " Baldy " had to say. About sunset 
some one opened up by singing, " Eall}^ 'Eound the Flag, 
Boys." This was the signal, and in a short time two or three 
thousand prisoners collected around the place where the sing- 
ing was going on. I noticed that several officers were in the 
perches with the guards, seeming as anxious as we were to 
hear what he had to say. At last he commenced his speech 
and as he progressed he warmed up until he made the prison 
fairly resound. He commenced at the beginningof the trouble 
between the Noi'th and the South, giving it in detail, step by 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 139 

step, until the present time. He told us how our armies had 
cut the rotten confederacy in two and were simply going 
where they pleased. '• Why," said he, " the rebels are thor- 
oughly whipped now, and would be glad to stop the war but a 
few of them are afraid they will be hung, and are continuing 
it in the hope that they can get a chance to leave the conti- 
nent." At this the boys began cheering, which created great 
excitement. They acted as if they Avere attending an old 
fashioned Methodist camp-meeting. They would sing and 
fairl}^ shout for joy, march round and round shaking hands 
while the speaker exhorted them to prove true to the Govern- 
ment and the old flag. At last the excitement got so great and 
his speech Avas so cutting that the rebels became excited and 
gave orders to stop the speech and dispei-se the crowd, or they 
would fire on the camp regardless of consequences. It required 
a good bit of work to get the boys to disperse and keep quiet. 
After everything was quiet the rebels sent in an officer, who 
said there should not be any more speeches made, and should 
there be any gathering of the prisoners as there had been 
this evening, it would be construed to mean that they meant 
to try and force the stockade and they would be fired upon 
without any further notice. Of course this settled the matter, 
but " Baldy " improved the time going over the ground and 
talking to the boys and cheering them up. He said, " I know 
they cannot keep us three months. As soon as spring opens 
up there will be a move all along the lines, and this cursed 
Confederacy will go up like a house on fire." His words acted 
like magic. The boys took courage and seemed to think that 
it was but a question of time until they would be released. 
They talked of home, and made many plans as to what they 
would do when they got back to God's country. 



CHAPTER XV. 



We Leave Andersonville Again But Only for Three 
Days — The Guard Become Considerate and Col. Gtibbs 
Makes a Speech — Another Excursion — We Visit Macon 
But Eeturn to Andersonville Immediately — Fugitive 
Confederates Fleeing South — A Scared Lot of Rebels 
— Confederate Money Loses all Value — A Sixty- Five 
Mile March — In Camp at Lake City, Florida. 

ILL through the month of February the weather was 
very fine with but few exceptions. There were no more 
prisoners came in after "Baldy's" squad, and we could 
hear nothing new, only the rebels would occasionally say that 
Lee had given Grant another drubbing. At last April came, 
and one day the first week in the month an order came to get 
ready to leave at once. Tliis, of course, was good news and 
we were soon ready, and so the next evening an order came for 
one thousand to go over to the depot. Said the ofiicer, " You 
will all go as fast as transportation can be obtained." We were 
soon at the railroad where we found a train of cars in waiting 
for us. The officers said they were ordered to take us South, 
probably to Florida, for exchange. We did not care where 
they took us, so we got away from Andersonville. We were 
soon all aboard, and away we go for Albany. We arrived at 
Albany along in the afternoon the next day, when we were 



Twelve Moitths in Andersonvilte. 141 

ordered off the cars and laj' near the depot for several hours. 
The officers seemed to be at a loss to know what to do with us. 
At last we got in line and marched through the town, ci'ossed 
the river and went into camp for the night. We remained here 
for two or three days when orders came to return to Anderson- 
ville. The officers said that our folks would not receive us 
unless we were sent back to Vicksburg. We marched back to 
the railroad. It was very warm when we got back to Ander- 
sonville. We arrived there about noon, and were soon inside of 
the stockade, when the boys fixed up their huts as though they 
were going to stay all summer. The hot weather began to tell 
on the old prisoners, Avho had the scurvy so bad their joints 
began to swell and they could scarcely walk. I, myself, felt 
the effects of it more than I had at any time during my impris- 
onment. I began to think that if ever I got back to old 
Indiana I would have to start soon. After we got in the stock- 
ade an officer got in one of the perches and said that Colonel 
Gibbs would make us a speech late in the evening, when it was 
cool. Said he, "The Colonel will speak* from this stand, and 
when the bugle sounds he requests that you Mall come up here 
and hear what he has to say." Some one j'-elled out, "Tell 
Colonel Gibbs and all the rest of your lying officers to go to 
h — 1; we have heard enough of your rebel lies." These 
epithets did not seem to rile up the guards or officers as they 
used to. At the sound of the bugle a large body collected near 
the gate where they could hear the Colonel. He began by 
saying, " Prisoners, 1 hold in xolj hands an order from General 
Pillow, which was received at this camp this day, and it is for 
the removal of you to your lines. It will go into effect be- 
tween this and the 18th of this month. You will be 
taken to Vicksburg for exchange. I want you to take 
as good care of yourselves as you can under the cir- 
cumstances. Prisoners, I call on you for witnesses that 



142 Twelve Months m Aiidersonville. 

during your long confinement, when you wore being re- 
moved from one prison to another, have I ever said you 
"were going home? It has often pained me to see you so badly 
deceived. I did not at that time, nor do I now, think it was 
right to so cruelly deceive 3"ou. It has often pained me more 
than I can express to you, to witness the horrors of this prison. 
Many mouths ago I resolved that I would never knowingly 
deceive one of you. Many of jow. will remember when you 
asked me about exchange I would say that it was not for me to 
say when an exchange would take place. If I had had the 
power I would have caused an exchange many months ago, or 
I would have made your condition diftercnt from what it has 
been. But I now speak from authority and can say that there will 
be no extending the time bej^ond the ISth, and it may be 
sooner." The Colonel made quite a lengthy speech. Be it 
remembered that Colonel Gibbs was the colonel who had com- 
manded the guard at Andersonville for many months. It was 
he who testified at the trial of Captain Wirz and gave such 
damaging testimony." After the Colonel closed his speech 
there was much speculation as to whether it was genuine or 
not. Several of the old jjrisoners said, ''I have often heard him 
asked about exchange, when he would say, ' That is not for me 
to say.' " Some said, " It is nothing but another rebel lie. They 
need these guards somewhere to help their forces and have 
taken this plan to deceive us again, but that is getting old 
and won't work an}" longer, and as soon as we see the guard is 
being diminished, we think we had better make an eflPort to 
force the stockade if half of us are killed. It will be better 
than staying here another summer, for more than that many of 
us will die if we do not get out soon." We found by walking 
over the camp that the speech had created a good bit of excite- 
ment. Many said, " I believe Gibbs is honest and knows what 
lie says, and this war cannot last always. It must^lose some- 



Twelve Mofiths m Andersonville. 143 

time, and why not now as well as any time?" They would 
I'eason in this way: lie did not say they were going to 
exchange us, but he said he had an order to take us to our 
lines, and no one has ever known Gibbs to tell us a lie. And 
it is certain that Sherman is making his way through South 
Carolina at will, and how do we knoAV but what Grant has 
taken Eichmond before this time, as there are no new prisoners 
coming in here? The boys finally made up their minds that 
they would wait and see if Gibbs was telling the truth. 

The weather was very warm and my legs began to swell 
badl}^, so much so that it was with considerable pain that 
1 could walk around, yet I took exercise every day, for I knew 
my only chance of getting out alive was by taking all the 
exercise I could, and thus baffle the disease. At last, on 
the evening of April 17th, an order came to get ready to move. 
We were not long in getting ready. Soon we passed outside 
of the gates, and away to the railroad and here we go for 
Macon. 

There were three train loads of us and I was on the last 
train. We got to Macon just at day-light. The next morning 
when our train pulled up alongside of the other trains, which 
were laying on side-tracks, we asked how long they had been 
here. They said, " Several hours." " Why do you not get otf 
the cars?" we asked. They said, " There seems to be some 
trouble and they do not know what to do with us." I saw a 
well off about two hundred feet from the track and asked the 
guard if T could go and get a drink of water. An officer was 
standing near and heard me ask. He said, " Certainl}^." I 
walked over to the well and while there a guard came up and 
I asked him what the trouble was. He said, " I do not know 
exactly." I saw he was considerably excited. I said, " Where 
are you going to take us ? " "I do not know, but I think it is 
time that 9ur officers were doing something for I am getting 



144 Twelve Months in Andersojiville. 

tired of this d — n business." I walked back to the cars, and 
just then I saw Captain Wirz coming along giving orders to 
the officers. He said, "We will go back to Andersonville, but 
will stop only to draw rations," when you could hear from a 
hundred at a time, " You old lying Dutch s — of b — , you are 
going to put us back in the stockade." 

The trains moved back towards Andersonville in the same 
order they came. That threw the train that I was on in the 
rear. At the rear of our train was attached one passenger 
coach which was filled with rebel officers and among them was 
Captain Wirz. All went well until in the afternoon. Our 
trains ran very slow and kept as close together as it was safe 
to run. Along about two o'clock in the afternoon our train 
stopped to take wood and water, and it so happened that the 
car that I was on stopped on the crossing of a wagon road. We 
discovered a long train of negroes, white folks, mules and 
wagons all mixed up, and looking on the other side of our 
train, as far as we could see down the w^agon road was a per- 
fect jam of vehicles of every description. There were several 
darkies close to the road, when our boys called them up to the 
cars and commenced to ask questions. They said to the 
darkies, "Sambo, what's the trouble?" The darkies answered, 
"I dunno. Massa said we had better be going for the Yankee's 
am up at Columbia and specks they will be down here afore 
long, so we dun packed up and am going south clean away 
from them." "You don't say that our armies are at Columbia 
do you ? " " Dat am hit, sure ; dey done come last night and 
Massa is in a big hurry to get all de criters away 'fore they 
come and toat dem off." "Who is it that is commanding the 
Yankees?" "Massa sa3^s his name is General Wilson. He has 
lots of you-uns on horses and we done want to get away foo he 
gits down here." The guard noticing the darkies, walked uj) 
and ordered them away and refused to let them cope near the 



Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 145 

cars. From this, on every wagon road we passed, we could see 
men, women and children going south. We now began to ask 
what it meant, when some of the last prisoners who had been 
brought to Andersonville said that General Wilson was in com- 
mand of a large force of cavalry and mounted infantry and was 
operating in Alabama, and no doubt he was making his way 
for Andersonville and Macon, for, be it remembered, that the 
rebels had a stockade at Macon for officers only and kept a 
large number there all the time since they built the prison 
at Andersonville. Well do I remember seeing the officers 
taken from our train when we were on our way from Eich- 
mond to Andersonville almost one year before. 

Just before we arrived at Andersonville our train stopped 
and I saw Captain Wirz step off the car. He had a newspaper 
in his hand. A rebel officer came walking uj) along the train 
and he and Wirz talked for a few minutes. We could see they 
were ver}^ badly excited. Soon the train moved on and when 
we came in sight of the stockade we fairly strained our eyes to 
see if we could see any of our boys inside. As we came near 
and could see better we saw no one inside the stockade, nor 
were there any guards in the perches. We said, "what does all 
this mean? Are they going to take us somewhere else?" 
Arrived at the station we saw no rebels there, but learned from 
our men wlio had been left to take care of the sick, who were 
unable to be moved, that there was a call for men to go for 
rations. While they were getting rations one of our boys who 
had remained to help the sick came to our car and related the 
following : "Early in the morning word was sent to the officer 
of the prison to destroy all the artillery and ammunition 
together with the muskets, and for the guards to disperse in 
every direction and not more than two of them go together, 
and keep in the woods as much as possible." He said, "There 

is no doubt but that some of Wilson's men are near here now 

10 



146 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

and the rebels do not want to be caught guarding us. They 
have destroyed all the artillery in the forts, cut down the 
wheels of gun carriages, thrown their muskets in that deep well 
at Wirz's headquarters." Said he, "It was worth a month's 
imprisonment to have seen those scared devils. Their livers 
fairly turned white when they heard that there was some real 
live Yankees close by, and to encourage them we would halloa 
at them and tell them they had better git before AYilson's men 
got here if you do not want to try the strength of Georgia cot- 
ton, for if he comes here and finds you he will hang every 
mother's son of you." "We noticed that our guards were very 
nervous and the officers seemed much excited. 

At last Colonel Gibbs came along the train and said we 
would go to Albany and march across the country to Thoraas- 
ville, where we would take the cars for Tallahassa or Lake 
City, Florida. Soon the signal was given and our train moved 
on south. Our boys seemed in good cheer. They indulged in 
singing patriotic songs and the guards were very kind to us 
now to what they had formerl}' been. We thumped and 
pounded along the road all night. The next morning we 
arrived at Albany and were marched through the town, 
crossed the river, and marched down near the Blue Springs 
where we went in camp and remained for two days. The 
weather was ver}^ hot. Some of the bo3^s had got hold of 
some Confederate money, consisting of Eichmond bills. They 
tried to buy beans with it, but the rebels refused to take it. 
This was the first time they had refused Eichmond money and 
it created considerable excitement with the boys, and we said 
to the guards that we believed the reason was that Grant had 
taken the city. This they denied and said that Lee had given 
Grant a terrible licking, almost annihilating his army. We 
said, "What have you done with the prisoners you took?" 
They said, " Our authorities have concluded to parole all pris- 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 147 

oners that we take as fast as taken, together with all old ones, 
80 as to curtail expenses of keeping them." We said, '' That 
looks rather thin." They said, "What do you think is being 
done with them?" "We do not believe you have taken very 
many, and if you have paroled any it is because you could not 
get them away. We think your rotten Confederacy is about 
used up." They said, "Not a bit of it." We said, "Then why 
were you fellows so badly scared at Andersonville the other 
day?" "Oh! we were not scared. We have concluded to 
abandon all of the prisons, as we have said, to reduce ex- 
penses." We said, " We guess your army is getting reduced in 
about the same proportion as your territory is being reduced." 
On the third morning after we had arrived at Albany, we 
started on the march. It is sixty -five miles to Thomasville. 
The weather was very hot, and our guards never had done any 
marching. The prisoners marched four abreast. This caused 
the guards to walk outside of the well-beaten track and was 
very hard marching for them. They could not make any 
better time than the prisoners and complained about as much. 
They had knapsacks to carry. We had gone but a short dis- 
tance until one of the guards came up to me and said, " If you 
will carry my knapsack to-day, I will divide my rations with 
you when we go in camp to-night and will give you some 
tobacco." I looked at the fellow and said, "I think you are 
about as able to carry your traps as I am." He said, "That 
may all be so, but I never marched a daj^ in my life and am not 
stout, nor am I well this morning, and if you will take it, 
should I not be able to keep up, I will get permission to take 
charge of you and we will take our time." I looked at the fel- 
low. He seemed like a very nice young man. I said, " I will 
try it, and if I find it is too much for me I will hand it over to 
you." He took it off and strapped it on me. It was not very 
heavy. Now, in order for him to save his traps, it was 



148 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

necessary for him to watch me closer than it would have been 
otherwise. I tried to give him the slip two or three times 
during the first two or three hours I had his traps, but his eyes 
were on me and he would order me to my proper place, when 
I would make some excuse for getting out of my place. Along 
in the afternoon he complained of being very tired, and said 
ho would bo compelled to stop and take a rest. His Captain 
came along and he asked permission to stop and rest, also for 
me to bo given to him and he would be responsible for me. 
He ex^^laincd to the Caj^tain what 1 Avas doing for him, and the 
Captain consented to his request. We walked outside of the 
road a few steps to a log and sat down. As soon as we were 
out of hearing he commenced to talk to me. He said his 
father had been very wealthy before the war commenced. He 
owned several hundred negroes, the most of whom had run 
oflP, and it was going to financially ruin him. He said that he 
had never done a day's work in his life, had not been in very 
good health. His father had not been in favor of the war 
from the start, and, said he, " I managed to keej) out of the 
army until a few months ago, when 1 was conscripted and 
taken uj) to Andersonville to do duty. I am very tired of it 
and wish it was over." I said, " Do you not think that the war 
is about over?" He said, " I do not know, but there is some- 
thing very strange about it. We cannot get our officers to say 
much about it, but I notice they are all the time talking about 
something when no one is near enough to hear what they say." 
I found him very talkative when we were by ourselves. We 
jogged along until night. It was quite dark when we came up 
to where they had gone in camp. Before we went inside of 
the guard line he took his knapsack and opened it and gave 
me half of his rations and some tobacco and said, " I want you 
to take it for me to-morrow." 

I soon found my comrades and the next morning I looked 



Twelve Months i?i Andersonville. 149 

for my man but could not find him. I never saw him after- 
wards. We started early on the march. The roads were good 
and we made pretty good time — much better than we did when 
we marched over the same road in DecembeT. The rebel offi- 
cers seemed to be in a great hurry to get somewhere. As for 
ourselves, it did not matter much. AnyAvhere was better than 
being cooped up at Andersonville. There was nothing of 
imjjortance occurred on the march but every day we became 
more convinced that they were going to release us. The night 
before we got to Thomasville our friend Rood said that he was 
going to run the guard and do a little foraging off the country. 
He left his traps in our care and said if he could find anything 
to eat he would divide with us when he returned. A little 
after dark he slipped out of camp and started out in the coun- 
try. He ti'aveled from farm to farm all night but could find 
nothing. He did not leave the road very far. The next morn- 
ing, a little after daylight, he came out near the road and about 
five miles from our camp. While he was standing near the 
road he saw a rebel soldier coming toward him. The soldier 
saw him about the same time. Rood started to run, when the 
soldier ordered him to stop, saying, at the same time, "I do not 
mean to hurt you in the least." Rood halted, when the rebel 
came up. He was a sergeant and said his folks lived about two 
miles further on the road toAvards Thomasville. He said, " I 
have permission to go home and wait till the rest come up." 
He asked Rood where he had been. Rood told him that ho 
had been trjung to find something to eat. He said, " Go with 
me and we will get something when we get to my home." 
They soon arrived at his home. Rood said the folks seemed 
very glad to see the soldier. They wanted to know what fellow 
this was and he told them it was a Yankee. Rood said the 
soldier asked them to prepare breakfast for them, which they 
did. The soldier's mother was very talkative and improved 



150 Twelve Months m Andersonville. 

the time to the best advantage. She inquired of her son if he did 
not think the war was about over. He said he did not know, 
but was in hoj)es it was. The old lady said, "If 1 could only 
get all the Yankee* coffee I could drink once more, I would be 
satisfied to die." She said, '-I do hope Sherman will come down 
here, then I know I can get coffee." They talked very freely 
and Rood soon began to think they were not in sympathy with 
the rebellion. The old lady said, ''1 told them it was wrong, 
and they would find it out. Now I guess the}^ see who was 
right." The folks gave Rood a good supply of corn bread, and 
meat, to bring to us. As we came up, Rood was sitting under a 
shade tree at the side of the road. He gave us some bread and 
meat, which was very acceptable. At that time our rations 
had been very small on the entire march. Rood said it was 
about five miles to Thomasville. We got there about two 
o'clock in the afternoon and got some rations — the first that 
had been given us since the morning before. The boys were 
very hungry and weak. 

We heard the trains blowing at the railroad and were 
ordered to be ready in one hour to leave. We could see the 
officers were very much excited and seemed to be in a terrible 
hurry. Soon the word was given to start for the cars. We 
Avent aboard the train and started south. Of all the roads we 
had traveled over this was by all odds the worst. It was at 
times a torture to remain in the cars. The squeaking of the 
dry axles, the wheezing of the engine, all combined, made it 
terribly disagreeable. Then we would come to places in the 
road where the train would have to move very slow, owing to 
the bad condition of the road bed. Thus we jDOunded along for 
two or three days and nights. At last we arrived at Lake City. 
Here the same scenes were enacted as at Thomasville. The 
officers seemed to be at a loss to know what to do. We remained 
on the cars for several hours. The guard said that they were 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 151 

awaiting for orders from General Pillow. We were finally 
moved out about one-half mile from the town, near a large 
swamp, ordered off the cars and told to go in camp on the west 
side of the railroad. They then gave us some corn meal. 
Fires were soon burning all over the camp, the meal made into 
mush and eaten with a relish after a fast of forty-eight hours or 
nearly so. Soon a lot of officers came out with some blank 
rolls and ordered them filled out, and said as soon as they were 
completed we would be sent to Baldwin and there turned over, 
or rather, released. 



CHAPTEE XVI. 



Fight Among the Guards — The Goobers vs. The Sandlop- 
PERS — Taken to Baldwin — Officially Notified op Our 
JRelease as Prisoners — The March to the Lines of 
the Union Army — A Last Look at the Eebel Sol- 
diers — Secreting My Bucket, Tools, Spikes and 
Trinkets. 

FEW hours after we had been in camp a regiment of 
the Florida coast guards came out to relieve the Georgia 
militia. Now the fun commenced. The Georgia fellows said, 
"We'uns have guarded the Yankees this far, and we'uns do not 
intend to let the Sandloppers have anything to do with 'uns." 
The Florida fellows said, " We don't want any Goobers down 
here." The Goobers was a name applied to the Georgia 
militia. You could not find a Georgia soldier without he had 
his pocket filled with peanuts, called in Georgia "goober peas." 
"Sandlopper" was a name applied to the Florida coast guards, 
probably from the fact that the country was very sandy and 
poor. Each party seemed to think more of the Yankee than 
they did of each other. They finally got to fighting, and it 
was our turn to enjoy the fan. They became so enraged that 
the fight became almost a general thing all over their camp. 
The officers had hard work to stop the fuss. They finally 
compromised by putting the Florida guards on the east 



Twelve Months in Andersonville, 153 

and south of our camp, the Georgia fellows on the north and 
west sides. The Georgia fellows were to guard the first train 
out, the Florida fellows the second, and so on. There had 
been a detail of our boys made to assist in making out the 
rolls, which were being hurried through as fast as possible. 
At Lake City many citizens came out to see us. As soon 
as the rolls were completed orders were given for the first 
division to move. A train pulled up by the camp, when the 
boys went aboard and soon left for Baldwin. Soon another 
train arrived, which was quickly loaded and moved off. Thus 
it continued until the last train. I was on the last train. 

We arrived at Baldwin when the sun was about one hour 
high. As we got off the train Colonel Gibbs was standing on 
top of a freight car and said he would like to talk to us a few 
minutes. Said he : " Prisoners, I have done all for you 1 can. 
I have no rations to give you. 1 am sorry to see you go without 
rations when I know you need them so bad, but it is not in my 
power to do more than I have done. I want you to keep 
together and not take to the swamps. You are released. We 
cannot take you further, and, no doubt, some of your men will 
reach Jacksonville to-night. Then your folks will know the 
situation, and will no doubt meet you with teams and assist you 
to get to your lines. I advise you to keep on the grade of the 
railroad. That is a direct route. You will meet scouts and 
see pickets on the way, but they have been notified that you 
are coming, and will not disturb you in the least." 

The railroad had been torn up from Jacksonville to Bald- 
win by our men sometime before and the iron removed, so 
Baldwin was as far as the rebels could run trains out from 
Lake City. All the sick were removed from the cars and laid 
on the grass under the live oak trees. A few well prisoners 
stayed back to bring water to them and render all the assist- 
ance they could until our folks could get to them. The squad 



154 Twelve Months in A^idei'sonville. 

that I belonged to was composed of boys from different states. 
There were about thirty of us. We went out under a shade 
tree and held a little council. Gibbs said it was about five 
miles out to their last picket post. After we passed that post, 
said he, j^ou will see no more Confederate soldiers. We took 
a vote as to whether we should try and get outside of the 
pickets before we camped or remain another night in the 
Confederacy. The question was put and carried unanimously 
that we would try and get to God's country before we camped. 
It was also agreed that we would not leave any of our squad, 
but would help the sick and the lame to make the trip. So 
here we go. The sun was not more than half an hour high. 
This was the hardest march we ever made. The road bed was 
nothing but a sand bank and was full of sand burrs. We were 
all bare-footed, and the sand burrs were as sharp as needles. 
The road was full of boys. As far as you could see either way 
you could see dozens at a time trying to extract the burrs from 
their feet. I presume this was about as motly a crowd as any 
one ever saw. There were but very few who had on a suit of 
clothes; most of them were bare headed; some had on pants — 
no shirt or coat of any kind ; some had on only a shirt. Many 
had been prisoners from twelve to twenty -two months and had 
long hair and matted beards. Their skins were black from the 
j)ine smoke, not having had any soap for twelve months to 
wash with. We made a jDitiful sight, yet I presume there was 
not a happier set of men on God's green earth at that time. It 
was joy enough to know we were going to a land of plenty 
and where we would be permitted to see the glorious Stars and 
Stripes. Every little while yoii could hear the boys giving 
three cheers for some fancied reception they would receive 
when they got to God's country. 

Our squad moved forward as fast as we could until dark. 
We became very thirsty, but could find no water. We 



Twelve Mo7tths m A7iderso7iville. 155 

kept going until about nine o'clock, when the boys became so 
weak and thirsty they said they could go no farther unless they 
could get some water. We saw, over in a field, a light. As I 
was about the strongest one of the squad, I said I would go and 
see if any one was there who could tell us where we could get 
water. I started across the field and was soon near the fire, 
when I was halted by a sentinel who said, "who goes there? " 
I answered that I was a paroled prisoner and in search of 
water. He said, "all right, we have been notified of your com- 
ing ; you can advance and we will not molest you in the least." 
I approached the fire where I found a Captain and twenty or 
thirty men who were doing picket duty. It was a company of 
Cavalry and their extreme out-post. The Captain said, "what 
do you want? " I told him we could find no water, and some 
of the boys could go no farther unless we could find some. He 
said there was none close at hand, "but," said he, "I have 
several men who have gone for water and as soon as they 
return you can have a drink." I said that some of my com- 
rades were in need of it more than I. He said, " I will send a 
man over to the road and have the boys come out here, and by 
the time they get here, my men will be back with the water. 
Sit down and rest j^ourself " Soon the rest of the boys cam© 
out to the post, and in fifteen or twenty minutes the water 
squad came with the water, when the Captain said, "give these 
boys a drink." After we had all taken a drink, the officer said, 
"boys, I am sorry I can not give you anything to eat, but such 
is the fact. We used up all our rations for our supper and 
expect to go to camp for breakfast." We then asked how far 
it was to our pickets. He Said " about eight miles. We are 
the out-post of our army, and you will not see any more pickets 
after you leave this post." " Then we are outside of your 
lines," I said. "Yes," he answered. We could scarcely control 
our feelings to know that we were once more outside of rebel 



156 Twelve Months ijt Andersonville. 

authority, and I noticed tlie boys brigliten up at that announce- 
ment. The officer said, "about one mile further down the road 
is a creek, and as soon as you cross it you will find good dry 
ground to camp on, and can get to the water handily. On this 
side the ground is wet and mai'shy. There is plenty of good 
wood to build fires with on that side, but you must be careful, 
for you have to cross a tressle bridge, and the timber is so 
thick that it will be very dark, and if you are not careful some 
of you will get hurt. Just as soon as you cross it you will get 
on good, firm ground." The officers or men never intimated to 
us that the war was over. If they knew it we could not detect 
it in their conversation, but to the contrary, they seemed very 
sanguine of succeeding in the end. I now think they knew 
the war was over, but were too proud to make the acknowledg- 
ment. 

After we had rested we started on our journey, intending 
to stop for the rest of the night at the place the officer spoke 
of Bidding our rebel friends good night, we started. After 
going about twenty steps, for some cause I turned and took a 
good look at the rebel squad, who were standing around their 
fire watching us as we were leaving them. They were the last 
armed rebels 1 ever saw, yet I have seen many since who were 
too big cowards to show it by carrying a musket or saber, 
although they were willing to hold secret meetings to plot 
treason, and' to do all their cowardly natures would let them do 
to destroy the best government the sun ever shone upon. 
Such traitors we have nothing but contempt for. We can re- 
spect a brave man, if he is our enemy, but a sneaking, cowardly 
whelp we have no respect for under any cii'cumstances. After 
trudging along for half an hour or so we came to a cui-ve in 
the road. As soon as we came round it we could see hundreds 
of fires burning in the distance. Soon we came to the tressle 
work, and after crossing it we went into camp for the rest of 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 157 

the night. It tried one's faith to cross the bridge, as it was so 
dark we could not see any object. We had to get down on our 
hands and knees and crawl over it in that manner to prevent 
falling through between the ties. There being plenty of good 
dry wood, we soon had a big fire burning, and our boys could 
not be content with one fire for our squad, but started half a 
dozen or so. They said it was the first time they had found 
plenty of anything in the cursed Confederacy, and they 
intended to use all they could. 

One of the boys was standing near me watching the fires. 
Ho turned to me and said, "I wish the whole Confederacy 
would burn as readily as do the piles of brush. What delight 
I would take in spreading the flames and witness the last dying 
embers of the cursed thing die out." I said, "We are free now 
I think, and you should not feel that way." Said he, "I cannot 
help it. I can never think of this country without it brings to 
my mind the horrors of Andersonville, and think how many 
of my comrades are left there in that sand bank, and to know, 
as we know, that they starved to death when there was plenty 
in sight. It makes me sick to think of it. If I could forget 
what I saw and felt there, I would be glad, but it is burned in 
my mind and can never be erased while I live. I am a South- 
erner. I was born and raised in Tennessee, and to know that 
our own people would use us as they have, is more than I can 
account for." Said I, "Perhaps they have seen their folly now 
and will do better after the war is over." " Well," said he, " I 
have fully made up my mind that some of them can't live in 
the same country that I do. I am determined to be avenged of 
the wrongs I and m}^ family have received at their hands, I 
was driven fi-om my home and had to hide in the mountains 
for weeks before I could get to the Union lines. My stock was 
all run off or killed by them. My fences were all burned. 
Wife and children insulted, and everything that they could do 



158 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

to annoy myself and family has been done, and I cannot rest 
until I am avenged."' 

While he was talking he became very much excited. The 
boys lay- down on the ground near the fires to rest and sleep if 
they could, but I do not think there was much sleeping done 
that night, for all night men would come up who had stopped 
to rest and got behind their comrades. As they came in camp 
they would call for their comrades, and kept it up until they 
could find them. Some of the first that had stopped in camp, 
becoming rested, would start on the march. My squad adhered 
strictly to our pledge, and kept together. Every time I closed 
my eyes I could see, in imagination, the guards, or hear them 
calling out the time of night. 

At last morning came. We went to the creek and took as 
good a wash as we could without soap. Returning to the fire 
"we gathered up our traps and made ready to start. I had 
a bucket that I made at Andersonville, and all of my tools, 
such as they were. I do not think the entire outfit would 
weigh more than eight or ten pounds, yet it was quite a load to 
carry. I was thoroughly convinced that we were released, for 
this was the first morning for twelve months that we could not 
see or hear guards pacing around our camp. As daylight 
came, we could see no guards nor hear anj^ hounds baying. It 
did not seem possible that we were free, yet we could see our 
boys going where they pleased and no one ordering them back 
in line. While we stood by our fire I said, " There can be no 
doubt but what we are free, and I believe I will leave my tools 
and bucket here as it is too heavy to carry." The boys 
gathered around me while I layed them out on a log, seeming 
to take a last look at the faithful friends of railroad sjiikes and 
other trinkets. At last, one of the boys said, " Let's wrap 
them up in this old rag and put them under the log so they 
may remain undisturbed for all time to come, for I do not 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 159 

believe that anybody will ever want to live in this God for- 
saken place." So we wrapped them uj) carefully and placed 
them under the side of the log, covering them over with leaves 
and laying a heavy chunk on them. This done, we started on 
our journey, towards God's country. If I had those faithful 
tools now, no reasonable price would buy them, but alas, they 
are gone but not Ibrgotten, for to them, I think I owe my life. 
We traveled on the railroad. The boys were thickly scat- 
tered all along the track. They had traveled until too tired to 
go farther, when they would lay down to rest. When rested 
they would get up and start once more. Yet they seemed 
happy. As the sun came uj), the sand became so hot to our 
bare feet that we could scarcely travel through it, but our faces 
were toward the Promised Land and we were determined to 
press forward. The country through which we were traveling 
was very thinly timbered, almost a prairie, with now and then 
a clump of trees and occasionally a palmetto tree. The ground 
was covered with a thick coat of grass, which was at that time 
about knee high. We made pretty good time while it was cool 
in the morning, but our progress became slower as it got 
hotter. About 10 o'clock, as we were passing a nice grove of 
trees about ten rods from the road, some of the boys proposed 
that we go out there and rest. So out we go, and throw 
ourselves on the ground in the shade of the trees. We were 
O ! so hungry. After resting a few minutes, the boys com- 
menced to pull up the grass and weeds, chewing the roots to 
api^ease the cravings of their stomachs. We found some soft 
brush that we chewed, which seemed to stop the ci'avings of 
our appetites. All at once we heard a sound that startled 
every one and brought us to our feet. 



CHAPTEE XVn. 



First View of the Stars and Stripes — The Grandest Sight 
OF My Life — Providing for the Sick — News of the 
Assassination of Lincoln — Medicated Coffee — Getting 
Kid of the Graybacks — Arrival at Annapolis, Mary- 
land. 



• •'* "^ "^ HAT is that," some one said. "It sounds like a 



V V stea 



steamboat whistle." I said, "I think it is a boat on 
the St. Johns river, and is coming to the landing at Jackson- 
ville." While we were talking we heard it more distinctly. 
Some said it was the whistle of a railroad engine. I said, " it is 
too far to the right, for the railroad makes a curve just ahead 
of us, and it cannot be the whistle of a railroad engine." We 
started for the road, but had not gone far when we heard a 
shrill whistle, more to our left, when all exclaimed, "that is the 
cars coming out to meet us." Just before we left the track to 
go to the shade trees we had come to where the iron remained 
on the ties, not having been taken up. We had not gone far 
before we heard it more plainly. B}^ the time we ai-rived at 
the track we could hear strains of music from a brass band, 
and could hear our boys cheering. We stopped to listen and 
we strained our eyes looking up the track in hopes of seeing 
the cars. Imagine our joy if you can. While we stood there 
the train came around the curve in the road, and the first 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 161 

thing we could see was the glorious old stars and stripes. 
There was a fellow standing on top of a box car holding them 
out to the breeze. I never saw the American flag look half so 
grand as it did at that time. There was a good band on the 
train playing National airs. We forgot that we were hungry 
or naked and commenced to cheer. 

Reader, imagine our feelings if you can. I cannot find 
words to express them. I never saw such a time, nor do 1 ever 
expect to see another similar one. May that glorious old ban- 
ner wave over the Land of the Free as long as time shall last, is 
the wish of one who was there. Men would cheer until they 
became so exhausted they would fall to the ground and could 
not get up until the}^ were helped. This was one of the grand- 
est days of my life. I felt that I had, to a certain extent, been 
repaid for the suffering that I had endured. The very sight of 
that old flag gave us new life. Upon the train were several 
officers in full uniform, nice and clean. How grand and noble 
they looked, to what the rebel officers did, dressed in their 
dirty gray, with old slouched hats and long hair. There was 
no comparison between the two in our estimation. "We could 
not look or speak to one of them but what he would try to 
insult us or the cause in which we were engaged. Now it was 
different. The officers spoke kindly to us. The cars were 
moving along very slow, as it was not safe to run fast, as many 
of the boys were on the track. Several of the cars were sup- 
plied with tobacco cut in small jDieces. As they moved along 
the officers would throw the tobacco out to the boys, and one 
officer standing on the car, said to us, as they passed by, to get 
into the shade and not try to walk any further, as they would 
take us all in on the train as fast as possible. Little did that 
officer know our anxiety to get where we could secure some- 
thing to eat. 

We could not be content to stay, but kept on the move. 

11 



162 Twelve Months in Andersonvi/le. 

The train went on as far as the rails were laid, where they un- 
loaded some whiske}^ and provisions for the sick. T-he teams 
were on the wagon road, coming out to take the provisions to 
our sick at Baldwin, and several doctors went out, also, to take 
care of the sick and have them brought in to Jacksonville. 
As soon as they unloaded the provisions, the train started 
back. Before it got to my squad there had as many got aboard 
as could be accommodated. As they passed us the conductor 
said, "We will soon be back," but we could not be content to 
stay but kept on going. 

We soon came to the thick timber and got out of the sand 
burrs by going to the side of the track. We got along very 
well there. We came to a small creek, and upon looking down 
the stream we saw smoke arising. Some of the boys said, let 
us go down there and see what it is. We did not go far until 
we smelled coifee, when one of the boys exclaimed, "my God, 
don't you smell the coffee ? " When we got to the fire we found 
several soldiers there. It was the reserve picket post. They 
were from Massachusetts, and were one of the last regiments 
that State had furnished. Among them was an old soldier who 
had served all through the war. The post was in command of 
a lieutenant, who was away visiting some of the other posts at 
the time we came to them. As soon as we came up, the old 
soldier said, " boys, I suppose 3^ou are very hungry." "Yes," 
we said, "can you give us some coffee?" " I will make it as 
quick as possible." He turned to the other soldiers, who were 
engaged in conversation with the boys, and said, "come boys, 
lend a hand here, and let us get these fellows some coffee, and 
then we will talk with them." They soon had coffee boiling. 
O ! how delicious it smelled. As soon as the coffee was made 
he said, "now boys, every one of you that has got anything to 
eat in his haversack bring it out here and let us divide it with 
the boys." Harversacks were soon brought forth and emptied 



Twelve Months in Anders onville. 163 

of their contents, the old soldiers divided them with our boys. 
Oh, what a breakfast ! Coffee and soft bread ! Something I 
had not tasted for twelve months. The coifee was good and 
strong. It fairly made us drunk. 

While we were eating we heard heavy firing down 
towards Jacksonville. I asked what they were firing for. "Do 
you not know that the President has been assassinated? These 
are minute guns on account of his death." I said, " Do you 
mean to say that President Lincoln has been killed ? " " Yes," 
he said. I said, " I am sorry to hear that, for I was in hopes 
that he would live to see the close of the war." "Well, don't 
you know the war is over?" I said, " We have not heard 
it before." "Well," said he, "that is a fact. Lee and Johnson 
have surrendered, and all of the rebel troops east of the Mis- 
sissippi Eiver. Dick Taylor is trying to keep the strife up 
over in Texas, but we will soon close his career if he does not 
surrender." I said this is news to us. The soldiers seemed 
fairly surprised that we did not know about these great events 
which had taken place in the last few days. We told them 
that the Johnnies said Lee had given Grant a terrible drub- 
bing and had almost annihilated his army. " Well, Lee has no 
army any more, and our forces are now occupying Richmond 
and Petersburg." It seemed like a dream to us as we walked 
back to the railroad. We said to each other, " Can that be 
possible ? It does not seem that it can be so, but the soldiers 
would not have said so if it were not true." 

Soon the train came back and stopped near us. We went 
aboard and were taken to the depot at Jacksonville. An officer 
said to me, " This train load will go up the river to the Live 
Oak Grove, where tents are prejmred for you." I said, " I 
know where that is. I was here about fourteen months ago." 
He said, " You can go there through the city or you can go out 
this road, which is as near." I said, "I prefer to take the 



164 Twelve Mo7iths in Anderso7iville. 

road."' He then said, " You go ahead and the rest will follow." 
I started off and we soon reached the grove, where we found 
tents already prepared for us. They had been put up by the 
colored troops who were stationed there. Three or four of our 
officers came out to us and said that we would soon have some 
dinner. It was then about two o'clock in the afternoon. In a short 
time some one yelled out, "Here comes the ration wagon."' 
Soon a large government wagon, drawn bj' four mules, drove 
up. The boys crowded up, expecting to get something to eat. 
Imagine our surprise when the fellow who was in the wagon 
said, " Get in lin«, and as you pass by the wagon I will hand 
you a piece of this soap." Some one said, "I thought you 
were going to give us something to eat?" " So we are, but we 
wash here before we eat, and I think from the looks of you 
fellows 3^ou need a good wash, so take this piece of soap and go 
for the river, and by the time you take a good wash there will 
be some rations here for you."' We took the soap and 
went to the river. After being in the water twenty 
or thirty minutes we saw the wagon coming back. This 
time they gave us some bread and coffee, but the coffee 
was not good. They had put medicine in it to act as a phj^sic. 
"We took our ration, which was not large, and there was a good 
deal of grumbling. Some said they did not give us much more 
than the rebels did, but after awhile an officer came out and 
said that we would get more rations late in the evening. He 
said, " In your weak condition it will not do for you to have all 
your stomachs crave. Last night several of your comrades got 
to the city and were furnished by the citizens and soldiers all 
they could eat, and now some ten or lifteen are dead from the 
effects of eating too much. You must be careful for awhile, as 
we wish to see you all get home. You will be provided with 
clothing as soon as it can come up from Hilton Head, and as 
soon as you ai-e able to stand the trip you will be sent North. 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 1G5 

So now make yourselves as comfortable as possible under the 
circumstances. We are glad to see you, and want to do all for 
you we can. There are many blackberries now ripe here in 
the thickets. You can eat all you want, for they will do you 
good. Bathe as often as you wish. That will help you, and it 
will not be long until you can go home.'' In a few days the 
clothing came, and was issued out to us. When my squad went 
up to get ours, we told the fellow to roll them up so that we 
could carry them without getting them exposed to the gray- 
backs. When the last one got his clothing, we took them, 
holding them as far from our persons as possible. Going to 
the river we hung them on a brush, taking off our old ones 
and throwing them in the water. We then took a good bath, 
putting on our new clothes. We felt like new men. That was 
the last time that I ever saw a grayback. In about ten days 
we were notified to be ready to start North the next day. 
Early in the morning we went to the landing and went aboard 
a boat, which was soon out on the great deep. On arriving at 
Hilton Head we were put on a propeller and started for An- 
napolis, Maryland, where we arrived in due time. 



CHAPTER XVIIl. 



Camp Chase, Ohio — Meeting Old Comrades — Longings for 
Home — A Kind-hearted Officer — Forwarded to In- 
dianapolis FURLOUGHED FOR TuiRTY DaYS — HOMB AT 

Last. 

/ I \ HE next day after arriving at Annapolis I was walking 
JL through the camp when I heard some one call my name. 
I looked around, but could see no one that I knew. I started 
on again when I heard my name called a second time. I 
looked around and could see no one but a man dressed in 
citizens' clothes. I thought I would go to him and see who he 
was. When I got near him he called out, "well, old fellow, 
you do not seem to know your old friend since you have got 
in Grod's country." I now recognized him as one of the boys 
that run the guard at Blackshear, of whom I have spoken in a 
previous chapter. They had just landed that morning, and he 
was looking to see if he could find any one he knew. Our 
meeting was a great surjDrise to both of us. He said to me, 
"come down to the barracks and see the other boys." I went 
down there and we had a good time together. And here is 
where they related to me their experience in getting to our 
boats on the coast of Florida, of which I have spoken before. 

I remained at Annapolis only five days, when with several 
hundred more, I was started for Camp Chase, Ohio. In the 



Twelve Months i7i Andersonville. 167 

course of due time we arrived at Camp Chase. Here I was 
again surprised ou entering the camp. Among the first boys I 
met was ni}- old friend Fisher, and several of the Fifth Cavalry 
boys. They had got out on parole some months before, had 
been at home on furlough, and were now in camp waiting for 
their descriptive lists in order to be discharged from the 
service. We had a good time talking and making inquiries 
after friends. I asked Fisher how long he had been here. 
He said, "several weeks and we have to remain here until we 
are discharged. There is an order out," he said, " forbidding 
thefurloughing of any of the men, but that they would be dis- 
charged as fast as the descriptive list could be had." He said 
to me, "you will have a good, long stay here before you get out." 
I said, " I am going home." " How will you get out? " I said, 
"you do not think this old rotton board fence will keep me here 
many days, do you? " "Well, supposing you get outside of the 
camp, what will you do?" "I will get aboard the train and go 
home. I have money and can pay my fare." He laughed at 
me and said, "things are not now like they were when you 
were here. Every train is guarded and all soldiers traveling 
without a pass are arrested, and you can not get a pass, so I 
guess you will have to stay awhile." I said, "I will get on the 
outside of that fence before a week and will march home. I 
guess they will not arrest me in the country." He laughed, 
and said, " I guess you had as well make up your mind to be 
contented and remain here for a few weeks." But I had set 
my face homeward, and there was no place like home for me 
at that time, so I set about looking for a chance to get out. 

While going through the camp I saw a notice stuck up 
ordering all Indiana soldiers whose terms of service had 
expired to report to General Cox's headquarters. This was 
Thursday morning. I at once started for the General's head- 
quarters. On arriving there I found two boys from the 29th 



168 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

and one fi*om the 47tli regiment. We took seats on a bench. 
At last a captain came to us and took our names, regiment, etc., 
and told us to report the next day at ten o'clock, which we did 
promptly. After waiting for more than two hours, an orderly 
came to us saying that they could not get our papers out that 
day, and we should report the next day at ten o'clock. We 
were on hand promptly at the appointed time and after wait- 
ing for a long time an officer came to the door and said they 
could do nothing for us that day. I was the nearest to him. I 
said, "I am sorry, as I wanted very much to get home." He 
looked at me and said, " how long since you were at home?" 
"Three years," I said. "How long have you been a prisoner?" 
"One year." " Well, you look like you ought to be at home." 
I saw by his talk that he was anxious that we should start for 
home. He said, "wait hei-e for a few minutes and I will go and 
see the General." I could see the General from where I was 
standing. .The officer approached him and they engaged in 
an earnest conversation for a few minutes. I could see that 
they were talking about us and were very earnest. Soon the 
General and the other officer came to the window and asked us 
a few more questions, which I answered promptly. The Gen- 
eral turned to some clerks and said, "have these men's papers 
made out at once." Turning to the officer he said, " Captain, 
have these men go to their quarters at once, and get their traps 
ready to leave. Call a corporal to go with them to the 
Soldiers' Home. They will get their dinners there. You 
must hurry so they can take the 12:30 train for Indianapolis." 
We were soon at the quarters and commenced rolling up our 
blankets, when the boys gathered around us and wanted to 
know how we had managed to get a permit to go. I said^ 
"There is an order there posted on that tree. Go and read it. 
If you are included in it, you can go as well as us." In a few 
minutes the corporal was at the quarters with our papers and 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 169 

said we must hurry in order to make the train. We bade the 
boys good-bye once more, and some of them for the last time 
this side of tlie Great Beyond, as we have never seen them 
since, and some of them have gone to answer to the roll-call 
beyond the river. We hurried to the Provost Marshal's office. 
The corporal handed him the papers. He glanced over them 
and said to the soldier, "take these men up to dinner. They 
are in a hurry, for the train will soon leave." We went to our 
dinners, but before we were half done eating, the officer called 
us, saying, "you must come ; I can not hold the train longer." 
As we passed out of the gate he handed me a large envelope, at 
the same time saying, "take this and report to Major Dunn at 
Indianapolis." We were soon on the cars. It was a very 
pleasant afternoon, the very last of May. At twelve o'clock 
that night we arrived at Indianapolis. On going to the hotel 
the clerk said he would give us a bed, but it was too late for 
supper. Being very hungry, we started out ; going to a res- 
taurant we got our suppers. On going back to the hotel the 
clerk demanded $1.50 for our bed and breakfast, which we 
paid. 

The next morning was Sunday. We walked over the city, 
saw many ex-soldiers and spent the day very pleasantly. Mon- 
day morning we reported to Major Dunn. When I handed 
him the papers, he looked at me and said, " You look like you 
had seen some hard service." I said, "About as hard as I care 
to see." He opened the envelope, looked over the papers and 
called the names. The two 29th boys were discharged. The 
47th boy had something wrong with his discriptive list. The 
Major said, " I will give you a furlough home for thirty days. 
By that time I will get your papers all right and can give you 
a discharge. Looking up to me he said, " How does it come 
that you never received pay or clothing since your enlistment." 
I said, " I have received pay and clothing. Was paid the last 



170 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

time at Jacksonville, Florida, in April, 1864. Do not remem- 
ber the paymaster's name." " Well, if that is so, I cannot 
discharge you. Your descriptive list does not state that you 
ever received pay or clothing from the day of your enlistment. 
I will give you a furlough home for thirty days. You can go 
home and rest and recruit uj:), which I think you need about aa 
much as you need a discharge. At the expiration of your fur- 
lough you will report here, and I will have your papers ready." 
He wrote an order and handing it to me he said, " Take this, 
go over to the quarter-master, who will furnish you with trans- 
portation." I went over and got my transportation. At 
1 o'clock we left for home, arriving at homo about 9 o'clock 
that night, May 29th, 1865, just one month after I got to our 
lines. 

So here I am, and my neighbors know what I have been 
since that time. I have tried to do my duty as an American 
citizen. I love the old flag. I love the brave boys who gave 
the best days of their lives to protect it. I love every Ameri- 
can citizen who loves the old flag and is willing to give his life 
to protect it if need be. I can find no words to express my 
contempt for a disloyal man or woman. There is nothing so 
degraded in my eyes as a traitor to his flag. 



My attention has been called to the fact that I have 
omitted to mention the recover}^ of the money taken from me 
by the rebel Provost-Marshal, at Eichmond. It was finally 
returned to me through General Mulford, the United States 
exchange agent. When Kichmond was captured, the register 
which the Provost Marshal kept was found, together with some 
$25,000 in mone}^, a large number of watches, gold rings, pins, 
and other valuables taken from the prisoners. Several months 
after my retui-n, Mr. Thomas Gibbs, then a resident of Mt. 



Twelve Mo7iths in Andersonville. 171 

Etna, Huntington county, but now living at Dora, Wabash 
county, saw an advertisement in the Baltimore American^ over 
the signature of General Mulford, calling upon all prisoners 
who had turned over their valuables to the rebel Provost Mar- 
shal to inform him of the fact, and if their statements were 
verified by the register in his possession, and the property had 
been recovered, it would be forwarded to the owners. Mr. 
Gibbs having shown me this advertisement, I wrote to General 
Mulford, telling him the facts regarding my case, and in about 
ten days the amount surrendered by me to the Provost Mar- 
shal was forwarded to me by express at old Antioch. 



CHAPTBE XIX. 



The Use of Blood-hounds Before the War — How the Con- 
federate Authorities Hunted the Prisoners avith 
These Brutes — Instances op the Eemarkable Instinct 
of the Dogs — Kefugees Overtaken and Torn Almost 
TO Pieces — A Day of Eeckoning. 

/ I \HE young men and young women who are to-day filling 
JL important positions in life, know very little of tl^e state of 
society before the war, especially in the South. The present 
differs from the jjast in a great many respects, and many 
things which were tolerated twenty-five years ago, and sanc- 
tioned, M^ould now be condemned and suppressed. In the 
Southern States, then, every black man and woman was a 
slave, or in a condition little better than slavery. They were 
subject to all the abuse that any white man desired to heap 
upon them. They had no rights the white race were bound to 
respect. There was no redress for wrongs inflicted upon them 
in the courts. Even their testimonj^ could not be received 
when whites were engaged in controversy, or in their own 
behalf All slaves were held as chattels. The slaves were 
bought and sold just as we buy and sell horses in these days. 
A good, sound and healthy young man would command a good 
price — from $800, to $1500. In order to keep them subject to 
their masters, they were kejjt in ignorance as much as possible. 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 175 

It was a crime for any one to teach them to read and write, 
punishable by a heavy fine and imprisonment. These slaves 
were always quartered near their master's residence, in small 
houses built for that purpose. All slaves must be in their 
quarters at certain hours in the evening. Should any be 
absent at roll call, they were punished the next day by x-eceiv- 
ing a certain number of lashes on their bare backs. But there 
was always a certain instinct that seemed to say, " I have just 
as good a right to my freedom as any one else." Hence, some 
took their chances to make their escape. To prevent this, and 
help to secure the re-capture of the fugitives, each planter 
kept a pack of blood-hounds which were trained to track the 
negroes in case of attempted flight. Many slaves, from mis- 
treatment or some cause, would hide in the swamps, coming 
out of their places of refuge at night to get something to eat, 
and retiring to the swamps during the day. The dogs were 
very useful to hunt down the runaway slaves, and by reason 
of their long training, the rebel authorities found them equally 
useful in hunting down refugees and escaping prisoners during 
the war. They were of more real service to the Confederacy, 
in this direction, than many regiments of soldiers would have 
been. In all the histories of wars, I know of no civilized 
nation — except the so-called Confederacy — which ever resorted 
to such means as the use of dogs, to hunt down their enemies. 
In this chapter I will tell my recollections of the blood- 
hounds that were kept at Andersonville for the purpose of 
hunting down escaping prisoners. There were several packs 
of hounds and other dogs kept for that purpose. One of the 
packs of a dozen or more was kept near the stockade. When 
not on duty they were kennelled in an old log house. A man 
had charge of them whose dixty it was to make the rounds of 
the prison every night and morning, to see if any Yankee had 
gotten out. This man rode a small white horse part of the 



176 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

time, and part of the time a mule. He carried a carbine and a 
cow's horn scraped very thin. When all the prisoners were 
put inside the stockade at night he would go to the log house, 
open the doors, let out his dogs, mount his horse, give a blast 
on his horn, when all the dogs would start by making a circuit 
of the entire prison. If nO one had escaped he would go to 
the house, give a few blasts on his cow's horn, when all the 
dogs would come up and enter their den. This man was a 
professional slave hunter before the war, I was informed, and 
was sent to Andersonville on account of his knowledge of 
the business in managing the dogs. This business was fol- 
lowed every day while I was at Andersonville, making the 
rounds in the morning before any one was allowed to go out, 
and again in the evening after all had been returned to the 
stockade. If any one had made an escape, as soon as the dogs 
would strike the trail thej' would set uj) a howl, when their 
keeper would follow them. It has always been a mystery to 
me how they could tell the trail of an escaping prisoner while 
there were several hundred paroled men on the outside, besides 
seven or eight thousand guards and patrols, who were continu- 
ally scouting the country over, both da}^ and night. If any 
one can tell how they knew the diffei-euce I would be glad to 
know it. I know, however, that they could tell, as but very 
few prisoners were ever able to make their escape from the 
prison on account of these dogs. They were feared more than 
the guards. The guards could be bribed or deceived, but the dogs 
never. All old prisoners recollect how the dogs would howl 
and what a noise they would make while in the house, and how 
anxious they seemed to be to start on their rounds when once 
turned loose. I have seen several boys who got out of differ- 
ent prisons and eluded the dogs by wading in water for miles. 
Then they would go on dry land and travel for days, but as 
sure as any white man or woman saw them they would soon ' 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 177 

hear the dogs coming on their trail. Be it remembered that 
almost every man that owned a slave also owned a pack of 
hounds to hunt runaway slaves. The hounds were used to 
hunt Yankees during the war. All prisoners remember how 
they would say to us, " Why are 'uns all come down heah to 
fight we'uns foah ?" Our answer would be, " To jjreserve the 
Constitution and enforce the laws of our Government." They 
would then say, " Why are 'uns putting niggers in the field to 
fight we'uns foah ?" We would always shut them up by ask- 
ing, '• Why are you hunting our men with dogs ?" for as common 
as this i^ractice was in the South, they did not like to talk about 
it. There is no doubt but what thousands of our men would 
have made their escape if it had not been for the dogs. Many 
a poor boy who sleeps the sleep that knows no waking at An- 
dersonville would to-day be living if it had not been for these 
dogs. They deterred many from making the effort to escape. 
I did not like to take the risk of laying in the woods and 
swamps for weeks almost starved, possibly almost within hear- 
ing of friends, to be overtaken by these dogs. The guards 
could never have captured one man in ten had it not been for 
the assistance the dogs rendered them. 

While we were at Millen some of the Fifth Indiana Cav- 
alry made their escape in the following manner : They were in 
the first lot that went up to Millen from Savannah. They 
arrived at Millen late in the evening. It was quite dark when 
they went inside the stockade. The rebels placed a guard line 
through the center of the prison just on the opposite side of 
the creek from them. On going to the creek for water they dis- 
covered that they could get outside of the stockade. Where it 
crossed the creek, the logs were far enough apart to let a small 
man through. Several small boys belonging to the Fifth Cav- 
alry availed themselves of this opportunity to go out, and as 

the start was made in the water on the inside of the prison, 

12 



178 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

they thought they could keep in the water so far down the 
creek that the dogs would not strike their trail. So a little 
while after dark, four, I think, started, and succeeded in going 
out unobserved. They followed down the stream until they 
became so badly chilled they could not stay in the water any 
longer, when they took to the solid ground. They made good 
time, and at daylight they were several miles away from the 
prison. They then secreted themselves in the woods for the 
day. Starting out early in the evening they made good time, 
and when daylight came they were crossing a large farm, en- 
deavoring to make the woods on the opposite side. While 
crossing this farm they were discovered, and soon heard the 
dogs coming on their trail. They started to run, but before 
they could gain a place of safety they were overtaken and 
badly scratched and bitten about the breast and arms. They 
were returned to the prison without any attention being given 
to their wounds. 

I saw a man while I was at Andersonville, who tried to 
make his escape, was overtaken by the dogs and had one cheek 
almost torn off. His left arm was badly bitten. He said he 
used his left arm as a guard to keep the dogs from getting him 
by the throat while he was striking at them with a club which 
he had in his right hand. He said while he was thus engaged 
the rebels came up and ordered him to stop striking at the 
dogs, saying that if he did not they would shoot him. 

Keader, you can now form some idea of the chance you had 
to make your escape when you recollect that every white man 
and woman in the South stood ready to assist in your re-cap- 
ture should you be able to get outside of the prison pen. It 
was said that many of the dogs were brought to the South from 
Cuba during the Florida war to hunt the Indians in the 
swamps. If such was the case it certainly does not reflect 
much credit upon our people or any people who would resort to 



Twelve Months m Andersonville. 179 

such measures. I want it understood that I do not complain of 
the cruelties of the service or of prison life while they were 
conducted on the princijDles of civilized Avarfare. What we 
complain of was the barbarities which the rebels practiced on 
us. We know war is cruel the best you can make of it, and 
then to add all the barbarities practiced upon its helpless pris- 
oners that the imagination of man could conceive, is what we 
complain of as prisoners of our late war. There is not a civil- 
ized nation on the globe that ever practiced such gigantic out- 
rages as were practiced by the rebel authorities who had 
chai'ge of the Union prisoners. It would have been doing 
many a poor boy good service if they had done by them as the 
Spanish authorities did in Cuba a few years ago, drawn them 
up in line and shot them, instead of torturing them by the slow 
process of starvation and exposure. Who is to blame for these 
outrages? There certainly will be a reckoning. What a chap- 
ter this will make when it is written as it ought to be written, 
and as I believe it will be. 



CHAPTEE XX. 



The Present Owner of Andersonville — Official Eeport of 
United States Officer as to its Condition When Taken 
Possession of by the Government. 

I HAVE often been asked as to the ownership of the land 
that the stockade at Andersonville was built on. In order 
to be able to give the correct answer, I wrote to the postmaster 
at Andersonville, Georgia, on the 18th of September, 1885, 
asking him who was the owner of the land at the time the 
stockade was built. I« reply he says the land was owned by a 
white man by the name of B. B. Dykes. The owner at this 
time is a colored man by the name of George W. Kenned}'. 
The population of Andersonville he reports as now about 500. 
Distance from Andersonville to Americus, eleven miles ; to 
Albany, forty-seven miles; Thomasville, 100 miles; Macon, 
sixty miles. Macon is on the North. The other towns named 
are on the South. In order to further substantiate what I 
have said in regard to the horrible condition of the prisoners 
at Andersonville, I will here give the testimony of James M. 
Moore, Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, U. S. Army. 
The following is his report in full : 

Washington, D. C, September 20, 1865. 
General: — In accordance with special orders No. 19, 
Quartermaster General's office, dated June 30, 1865, directing 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 181 

me to proceed to Andersonville, Georgia, for the purpose of 
marking the graves of Union soldiers for future identification, 
and enclosing the cemetery, I have the honor to report as 
follows : 

I left Washington, D. C, on the 8th of July last, for Ander- 
sonville, via Savannah, with mechanics and material for the 
purpose above mentioned. On my arrival at Savannah I 
ascertained there was no railroad communication whatever to 
Andersonville. The direct road to Macon being broken, and 
that from Augusta via Atlanta also in the same condition, I 
endeavored to procure wagon transportation, but was informed 
by the General commanding the department of Georgia that a 
sufficient number of teams could not be had in the State to haul 
one-half of my stores, and as the roads were bad and the dis- 
tance more than four hundred miles, I abandoned all idea of 
attempting a route through a country difficult and tedious 
under more propitious circumstances. The prospect of reach- 
ing Andersonville at this time was by no means favorable and 
nearly one week had elapsed since my arrival at Savannah. I 
had telegraphed to Augusta, Atlanta and Macon, almost daily, 
and received replies that the railroads were not yet completed. 
At length on the morning of the 18th of July the gratifying- 
telegram from Augusta was received announcing the comple- 
tion of the Augusta & Macon road to Atlanta, when I at once 
determined to procure a boat and proceeded to Augusta by the 
Savannah Hiver. The desired boat was secured and in twenty- 
four hours after the receipt of the telegram alluded to I was on 
my way with men and material for Augusta. On my arrival 
there, I found the railroad completed to Macon, and that from 
Macon to Andersonville having never been broken, exijerienced 
little difficulty in reaching my destination, where I arrived 
July 25th, after a tiresome trip occupying six days and nights. 

At Macon, Major General Wilson detailed one company of 



182 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

the 4th United States Cavalry and one from the 137th Regi- 
ment United States colored troops to assist me. A member of 
the former Company was killed on the 5th of August at a sta- 
tion named Montezuma, on the Southwestern railroad. The 
rolling stock on all the roads over which I traveled is in a mis- 
erable condition and very seldom a greater rate of sj)eed was 
attained tlian twelve miles an hour. At the different stations 
along the route the object of the expedition was well known 
and not infrequently men wearing the garb of rebel soldiers 
would enter the cars and discuss the treatment of our j)risoners 
at Andersonville, all of whom candidly admitted it was shame- 
ful and a blot on the escutcheon of the South that years would 
not efface. While encamped at Andersonville, I was daily 
visited by men from the surrounding country and had an 
opportunity of gleaning their feelings towards the Govern- 
ment and with hardly an exception found those who had been 
in the rebel army penitent and more kindly disposed than 
those who had never taken a part, and anxious again to become 
citizens of the Government they had fought so hard to destroy. 
On the morning of the 26th of July the work of iden- 
tifying the graves, painting and lettering of head boards, laying 
out walks, and enclosing the cemetery, was commenced, and 
on the evening of August 16th was completed with the excep- 
tions hereafter mentioned. The dead were found buried in 
trenches on a site selected by the rebels, about three hundred 
yards from the stockade. The trenches varied in length from 
fifty to one hundred and fifty yards. The bodies in the 
trenches were from two to three feet below the surface, and in 
several instances, where the rain had washed away the earth, 
but a few inches. Additional earth was, however, thrown upon 
the graves, making them of a still greater depth. So close 
were they buried without coffins, or the ordinary clothing to 
cover their nakedness, that not more than twelve inches were 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 183 

allowed to each man. Indeed the little tablets marking their 
resting places, measuring hardly ten inches in width, almost 
touch each other. United States soldiers, while prisoners at 
Andersonville, had been detailed to inter their companions, 
and by a simple stake at the head of each grave, which bore a 
number corresponding with a similar numbered name upon 
the Andersonville hospital record, I was enabled to identify 
and mark with a neat tablet similar to those in the cemeteries 
at Washington, the number, name, rank, regiment, company 
and date of death, of twelve thousand four hundred and sixty- 
one graves, there being but four hundred and fifty-one that 
bore the sad inscription, "unknown." One hundred and 
twenty thousand feet of pine lumber were used in these tablets 
alone. The cemetery contained fifty acres, and has been divided 
by one main avenue running through the center, and subdi- 
vided into blocks and sections in such a manner that with the 
aid of the record which I am now having copied for the Super- 
intendent, the visitor will experience no difficulty in finding any 
grave. A force of men are now engaged in laying out walks and 
cleaning the cemetery of stumps and stones preparatory to plant- 
ing trees and flowers. I have already commenced the manufacture 
of brick and will have a sufficient number by the 1st of October 
to pave the numerous gutters throughout the cemetery, the 
clay in the vicinity of the stockade being well adapted to the 
purpose of brickmaking. Appropriate inscriptions are placed 
tlirough the grounds, and I have endeavored as far as 
my facilities would permit, to transfer this wild, unmarked 
and unhonored graveyard into a fit place of interment for the 
Nation's gallant dead. 

At the entrance gate, the words, " National Cemetery, 
Andersonville, Ga.," designate this city of the dead. On the 
morning of the 17th of August, at sunrise, the stars and stripes 
were hoisted in the center of the cemetery, when a National 



184 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

salute was fired and several National songs sung by those pres- 
ent. The men who accompanied me, and to whom I am 
indebted for the early completion of my mission, worked zeal- 
ously and faithfully from early in the morning until late at 
night, although suffering intensely from the effects of the sun. 
Unacclimated as they were, one after another was taken sick 
with the fever incident to this country, and in a brief period 
my force of mechanics was considerably lessened, obliging me 
to obtain others from the residents in different i)arts of the 
State. All my men, however, recovered with the exception of 
Eddy Watts, a letterer, who died on the 16th of July, of 
typhoid fever, after a sickness of three weeks. I brought his 
body back with me and delivered it to his family in this city- 
Several of the 4th United States C!avalry, detailed by General 
Wilson, died of the same fever, shortly after joining their com- 
mand at Macon. 

Andersonville is situated on the Southwestern railroad, 
sixty miles from Macon. There is but one house in the place 
except those erected by the so-called Confederate Government 
as hospitals, officers' quarters, and commissary and quarter- 
master's buildings. It was formerly known as Anderson, but 
since the war the ville has been added. The country is covered 
mostly with pines and hemlocks and the soil ^s sandy, sterile 
and unfit for cultivation, and unlike the sections of country a 
few miles north and south of this place, where the soil is well 
adapted to agricultural pui-poses, and cotton as well as corn are 
extensively raised. It is said to be the most unhealthy j^art of 
Georgia and was probabl}' selected as a depot for prisoners on 
account of this fact. At mid-day the thermometer in the 
shade reaches frequently one hundred and ten degrees, and in 
the sun the heat is almost unbeai-able. The inhabitants of this 
sparsely settled locality are, with few exceptions, of the most 
ignorant class, and from their haggard and sallow faces, the 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 185 

effects of chills and fever are distinctly visible. The noted 
Prison Pen is fifteen hundi-ed and forty feet long and seven 
hundred and fifty feet wide. The dead line is seventeen feet 
from the stockade and the sentry boxes are thirty yards apart. 
The inside stockade is eighteen feet high, the outer one tvsrelve 
feet, and the distance between the two is one hundred and 
twenty feet. Nothing has been destroyed. As our exhausted, 
emaciated, and enfeebled soldiers left it, so it stands to-day, as 
an inhumanity unparalleled in the annals of war. How men 
could survive as well as they did in this pen, exposed to the 
rays of an almost tropical sun by day, and drenching dews by 
night, without the slightest covering, is wonderful. The 
ground is filled with holes where they had burrowed in their 
efforts to shield themselves from the weather, and many a poor 
fellow, in endeavoring to protect himself in this manner was 
smothered to death by the earth falling in upon him. The 
stories told of the sufferings of our men while prisoners here 
have been substantiated by hundreds and the skeptic who will 
visit Andersonville even now and examine the stockade, with 
its black oozey mud, the cramped and wretched burrows, the 
dead line, and the slaughter house, must be a callous observer, 
indeed, if he is not convinced that the miseries depicted of this 
prison pen are no exaggerations. 

JAMES M. MOOEB, 
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster. 

Brevet Major General M. C. Meigs, 

Washington, D. C. 



CHAPTEE XXI. 



The Trial op Wirz — His Efforts to Shift the Eesponsi- 
BiLiTY — The Charges and Specifications — Overwhelm- 
ing Evidence op Guilt — The Sentence and Execution. 

U"^APTAIN HENEY WIEZ, the infamous commandant at 
Andersonville, died, as he deserved, by the hand of the 
hangman. At the close of the rebellion, General Wilson, com- 
mander of the Federal cavalry forces, learned that he was still 
at Andersonville, and sent a squad of cavalry from Macon, Ga., 
under Captain Noyes, of the 4th regiment, to arrest him. 
Wirz knew resistance was useless, but claimed immunity from 
punishment by reason of the terms granted at the surrender 
of Johnson. His protest was of no avail, however. Even had 
the Government permitted him to escape, it is almost certain 
he would have met a violent death at the hands of some of the 
prisoners whom he had maltreated in the days of his despotic 
power. The day of his arrest, he wrote the following letter to 
General Wilson: 

Andersonville, Ga., May 7, 1865. 
General: — It is with great reluctance that I address you 
these lines, being fully aware how little time is left you to 
attend to such matters as I now have the honor to lay before 
you, and if I could see any other way to accomplish my object, 
would not intrude upon you. I am a native of Switzerland, 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 187 

and was, before the war, a citizen of Louisiana, and bj profes- 
sion, a physician. Like hundi"eds of others I was carried 
away by the excitement and joined the Southern army. I was 
very severely wounded at the battle of Seven Pines, near 
Richmond, Va., and have nearly lost the use of my right arm. 
Unfit for field duty, I was ordered to report to Brevet Major 
General John H. Winder, in charge of the Federal prisoners 
of war, who ordered me to take charge of a prison in Alabama. 
My health failing me, I applied for a furlough, and went 
to Europe from which I returned in February, 1864. I was 
then ordered to report to the commandant of the military 
prison at Andersonville, who assigned me to the command of 
the interior of the prison. The duties I had to perform were 
arduous and unpleasant, and I am satisfied that no man can, or 
will, justly blame me for things that hapjDened here and which 
were beyond my power to control. I do not think that I 
ought to be held responsible for the shortness of rations, for 
the over crowded state of the prison, which was of itself a pro- 
lific source of fearful mortality, for the inadequate supply of 
clothing, want of shelter, etc. Still 1 now bear the odium, and 
men who were prisoners have seemed disposed to wreak their 
vengeance upon me for what they have suffered — I, who was 
only the medium, or I may better say, the tool, in the hands of 
my superiors. This is my condition. I lost all my property 
when the Federal army besieged Yicksburg. I have no money 
at present to go any place, and even if I had, I know of no 
place where I can go. My life is in danger, and I most re- 
spectfully ask of you help and relief If you will be so gener- 
ous as to give me some sort of a safe conduct, or what I should 
greatly prefer, a guard to protect myself and family against 
violence, I should be thankful to you, and you will not be 
giving to one who is unworthy of it. My intentions are to 
return with my family to Europe as soon as I can make the 



188 Twelve Months m Andersonville. 

arrangements. In the meantime I have the honor, General, 
to remain, very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

HENEY WIEZ, Captain, C. S. A. 
Major Greneral J. H. Wilson, Commanding, Macon, Ga. 

The trial of Wirz was held at Washington. The prisoner 
was brought North via Chattanooga, Nashville and Cincinnati, 
and so bitter was the public feeling that, although accompanied 
by a strong guard, it was necessary to smuggle him through in 
disguise to escape the vengeance of ex-prisoners and the 
friends of those who had died in captivity. So execrated was 
the man that even his fellow countryman, the Swiss Consul- 
General at Washington, refused to be the custodian of funds 
raised to conduct his defense before the Court-Martial. 

The Court-Martial detailed to try the prisoner consisted of 
Major General Lew Wallace, of Indiana, President; Brevet 
Major Generals Mott and Geary ; Brigadier Generals Fessen- 
den, Bragg and L. Thomas ; and Colonels Ballier, Allcock and 
Stibbs. The Commission convened August 23d, 1865, and the 
taking of testimony continued until the Ist of October. 
Colonel Chipman was the Judge Advocate, and the culprit 
was defended by Lewis Schade, a prominent Washington attor- 
ney, together with three assistant counsel. Over two thousand 
pages of testimony were taken, and so completely was the 
truth of the charges established that the Government closed 
the case before all the evidence offered was heard. The follow- 
ing is an abbreviated copy of the charges and specifications 
upon which Wirz was tried : 

Charge I. — That Henry Wirz maliciously, willfully and 
traitorously, in aid of the then existing rebellion against the 
United States, at divers times on or before and between the 
Ist day of March, 1864, and the 10th day of April, 1865, com- 



Twelve Months in Anders onville. ' 189 

bined, confederated and conspired with John H. Winder and 
others to injure the health and destroy the lives of soldiers in 
the military service of the United States, then held as prison- 
ers of war in the military prisons of the so-called Confederate 
States, to the end that the armies of the United States might 
be weakened and impaired, in violation of the laws and cus- 
toms of war. That the said Wirz subjected prisoners to torture 
and great sufiering by confining them in unhealthy and un- 
wholsome quarters; by exposing them to the inclemency of 
winter and the burning suns of summer; by furnishing them 
with insufficient and unwholesome food, he being fully clothed 
with authority of the so-called Confederate Government, and 
in duty bound to treat, care and provide for such prisoners 
according to the laws of war ; by neglecting to furnish the 
prisoners with tents, barracks and other shelter ; by ordering 
the confiscation of the clothing, blankets, etc., of the prisoners; 
by refusing to furnish food to sustain the lives of the prisoners, 
or wood to cook their scanty rations or for warming purposes ; 
by comj^elling the prisoners to subsist on unwholesome food in 
quantities inadequate to sustain life; by compelling the prison- 
ers to use unwholesome water reeking with the filth and 
garbage of the prison and prison guard, and the offal and 
drainage of the cook-house, whereby the prisoners became 
greatly reduced in bodily health and strength, their minds 
impaired, their intellects broken, and over ten thousand per- 
mitted to languish and die for want of proper care and treat- 
ment ; by leaving the bodies of the dead until they became 
corrupt and loathsome, among the emaciated sick and lan- 
guishing living, thereby increasing the unwholsomeness of the 
prison, and causing the sickness and death of prisoners to the 
number of one thousand; by subjecting jirisoners to cruel, 
unusual and infamous punishments upon slight, trivial and fic- 
titious pretense, such as binding prisoners closely together with 



190 Twelve Months in Anderso7wille. 

large chains around their necks and feet, placing them in an 
instrument of torture known as the "stocks," without the 
power to change position and without food and water, thereby 
causing the death of thirty prisoners; by the establishment of 
a " dead line," which was in many places an imaginary line, 
and in many other places marked by insecure and shifting 
strips of board, nailed upon the top of small and insecure posts, 
instructing the prison guard to fire w^on and kill prisoners who 
might touch, fall upon, pass over or under or across the said 
" dead line," thereby causing the death of about three hun- 
dred prisoners ; by keeping ferocious and blood-thirsty 
beasts, dangerous to human life, called blood-hounds, to hunt 
down, seize, tear, mangle and maim the bodies and limbs of fu- 
gitive prisoners, whereby about fifty prisoners lost their lives ; 
by the use of poisonous and impure vaccine matter, for the 
pretended purpose of preventing small-pox, by reason of which 
about one hundred prisoners lost the use of their arms and 
about two hundred lost their lives. 

The finding of the Commission on this awful charge, after 
amendment, was "Guilty." 

Charge II. — This charge embraced personal acts of 
brutality perpetrated by Wirz. Twelve distinct specifications 
were alleged, on ten of which the finding was '■'■guilty.'' These 
specifications were as follows : 1. Jul}^ 9th, 1864, with a 
revolver in his hands, shooting and mortally wounding a pris- 
oner, from the eftects of which injuries death followed in 
twenty-four hours. 2. September 20th, 1864, jumping upon, 
stamping, kicking and bruising a prisoner with the heels of 
his boots, causing his immediate death. 3. June 13th, 1864, 
shooting and mortall}^ wounding a prisoner, with a revolver, 
causing his immediate death. 4. August 20th, 1864, confining 
a prisoner in the stocks, in consequence of which cruel treat- 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 191 

ment, maliciously" and murderously inflicted, the prisoner died 
in ten days. 5. February 1st, 1865, confining a prisoner in 
the stocks, and causing death in seven days. (3. July 20th, 
1864, binding the necks and feet of prisoners together with 
heavy chains, compelling them to carry large iron balls on 
their feet, from the effects of which one of the sufferers died in 
five days. 7. May 15th, 1864, ordering a rebel soldier to fire 
on an unarmed and helpless prisoner, thereby causing his 
immediate death. 8. July Ist, 1864, ordering a guard to fire 
upon a helpless prisoner, causing his death. 9. July Ist, 
1864, causing the blood -hounds to pursue, attack, wound, and 
tear to pieces, a prisoner, from which injuries death followed 
in six days. 10. July 27th, 1864, commanding a sentinel to 
fire upon a helpless prisoner, causing immediate death. 

There was no lack of proof of the charges preferred 
against Wirz, or of the atrocities perpetrated by and under the 
authority of this monster. The evidence was overwhelming, 
that, by his orders, prisoners had been beaten until the}'- died 
from their injuries ; that they had been confined in the stocks 
until death ended their suffering; that they had been shot 
down in cold blood ; that they had been torn and mangled by 
blood-hounds ; that Wirz himself had inflicted punishment, 
such as shooting prisoners, knocking them down and kicking 
and stamping them. Nearly two hundred ex-prisoners gave 
their testimony, and in all the annalsof crime history furnishes 
hardly a parallel to the damning character established for this 
brutal wretch. In addition to the testimony of the prisoners, 
Colonel Gibbs, the confederate commander of the troops 
stationed at Andersonville, testified that Wirz had sole control 
of the prison and prisoners. The surgeons in charge of the 
hospital testified as to his utter-indifference to the condition of 
the sick, and the meager supplies furnished. Wirz had even 
refused to allow them to carry in vegetables to stop the scurvy, 



192 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

although a plentiful supply could have been secured, as there 
had been a fair crop raised in the vicinity. 

In answer to the charges, Wirz put in pleas in bar to the 
effect: 1. That the war being over, and the country at 
peace, he could not legally be tried by a Court Martial. 2. 
That he was entitled to immunity by the terms of the surrender 
of the confederate army. The objection in the first paragraph 
of the answer was overruled, and in answer to the second, Cap- 
tain Noyes, who made the arrest, declared that no terms or 
promises of protection had been given the prisoner at the time 
of his surrender. Wirz then entered a plea of not guilty ; 
denying any knowledge of a conspiracy to destro}' the lives of 
prisoners ; denying that he was an accomplice of Winder or 
any other person for such a purpose ; denying his responsi- 
bility for the over-crowded condition of the stockade, scanty 
prison fare, lack of shelter, awful mortality, etc. ; and denying 
each and every act of cruelty alleged against him personall3\ 

The sentence of the Court Martial was death by hanging. 
President Johnson approved the finding, and General C. C. 
Augur was charged with its execution. On the 10th day of 
November, 1865, the sentence was carried into effect in the 
Old Capitol Prison at Washington. Although Eev. Fathers 
Wheelan, Boyle and Hamilton were permitted to visit the 
prisoner up to the last moment for the purpose of giving him 
spiritual consolation, his body was, by order of that stern but 
just official, Secretaiy of War Stanton, refused Christian 
burial. Infamous as were his crimes, he met his fate without 
flinching. Jeff Davis, whose tool Wirz was, lives to this day, 
and from his comfortable home in Mississippi we occasional!}" 
hear his lamentations over "The Lost Cause." Trul}', justice 
was blind when the subordinate only was punished and the 
principal allowed to go free. 

Only Wirz, of all the brutal officers who were placed over 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 19'^ 

the prisoners, was punished. John H. Winder died the first 
day of January, 1865. Adjutant Eoss was burned up in a hotel 
at Richmond a few years after the war. The others disap- 
peared, no one knows where, well knowing that should they 
ever meet some of the prisoners whom they had so cruelly mis- 
treated, their lives would have paid the penalty. 



13 



CHAPTER XXII. 



Fixing the Eesponsibility — What the Confederate Ar- 
chives Disclose — Why There was no Exchange of Pris- 
oners — The Treatment Accorded Rebel Prisoners in 
the North — Thirteen Thousand Martyrs Buried in 
the Andersonville National Cemetery — The Diseases 
FROM Which They Died, and the States from Which 
They Enlisted. 

IF proof were wanting of the truth of my statement of the 
horrors to which the prisoners were subject, the letter of 
Wirz, to General Wilson, furnishes it an abundance. It admits 
the scanty food, crowded condition of the stockade, lack of 
clothing, want of shelter and fearful mortality. That Jeff. Davis 
and the rebel authorities knew of the suffering and misery in 
the rebel prison pens does not admit of a doubt. That they 
permitted and encouraged the barbarities practiced on helpless 
prisoners, is equally clear. Wirz, as he declared, was their 
tool— a merciless and cruel one — conscious that his course was 
fully in accord with the sentiments of those in higher au- 
thority. 

It has been urged, by rebel sympathisers, that the Con- 
federate authorities were powerless to properly care for the 
prisoners; that their treasury was bankrupt to purchase sup- 
plies ; that their country was impoverished to such an extent as 



Twelve Months in Andersonville. 195 

to afford only a meager support for their armies in the field. 
In short, that the inhuman treatment of prisoners could not be 
helped, and, therefore, the Confederate authorities should not 
be held responsible. Out upon such lies ! Even these lies 
afford no explanation of: — (1.) The location of the Ander- 
sonville stockade in a pestilential swamp, only a few rods 
removed from healthy ground with plenty of water and shade. 
(2.) The crowding of 35,000 men on sixteen acres of ground 
when there were thousands of acres of land, unoccupied, on 
every side. (3.) Depriving the prisoners of the privilege of 
securing fuel, without cost or labor to the Confederacy, from 
the abundant forests in the immediate vicinity of the stockade. 
Nor are the excuses made as to the inability of the rebels to 
secure supj^lies, valid, as witness the fact that the rebel soldiers 
always had provisions to sell the prisoners who were is posses- 
sion of money. 

By all the laws of civilized war, it was incumbent upon 
the rebel Government to treat its prisoners humanely. The 
South boasted of its chivalry, and yet no tribe of savages was 
ever guilty of greater bai'barity. The tortures inflicted upon 
their captives by the Indians were not more cruel or more 
dreadful than fell to the lot of the men of the North, who, by 
the fortunes of war, fell into the hands of their own country- 
men _ who were engaged in fighting the battles of a slave 
oligarchy. The man who excuses the treatment of the pris- 
oners, is the meanest kind of a traitor — an enemy to the Union 
and a foe of humanity. 

The capture of the archives of the Confederacy furnishes 
the most conclusive evidence that the condition of the Ander- 
sonville prison pen was fully known to the rebel authorities. 
Isaiah H. White, Chief Surgeon of the Hospital, over his own 
signature, called attention to the fact that when the stockade 
was built the outside limit of the number of prisoners for 



196 Twelve Months in Andersonville. 

whom there was room was ten thousand. In August, 1864, he 
wrote a long report to General Winder, which was published 
after the war, in which he called attention to the crowded con- 
dition of the prison; lack of hospital accommodations ; absence 
of vegetables necessary to prevent the scurvy ; the drainage of 
the garrison camps into the stream which furnished water for 
the stockade ; lack of clothing and proper medicines for the 
sick, and the fact that there were but twelve surgeons to look 
after the health of over thirty-one thousand prisoners. His 
report had no effect, however, and at the beginning of Septem- 
ber he was succeeded as chief Surgeon by Doctor Stevenson, a 
man who was openly charged, at the trial of "Wirz, by Doctor 
Thornburg, one of the hospital surgeons, with having embez- 
zled about $80,000 of the hospital fund. The testimony of this 
same Stevenson as to the condition of the stockade reveals that 
he forbade General Winder and other officers from entering 
the stockade except when in the best of health, so filthy and 
pestilential was its condition. Doctor Bates, another rebel sur- 
geon, testified that green corn was taken away from the 
patients and prisoners and the latter severely punished for 
buying it. These documents also disclose that during the 
month of August, 1864, Colonel Chandler, of Mississippi, Con- 
federate Inspector of Military Prisons, visited Andersonville, 
and he, too, made a report, which was brought into court at 
the trial of Wirz, and which bore the indorsement of the AVar 
Department of the Confederate Government as filed in Octo- 
ber. In this report Colonel Chandler denounced the condition 
of Andersonville prison as " a disgrace to the Confoderac}^ as a 
Nation," and severely criticised General Winder. To these ci-iti- 
cisms General Winder replied by impugning Chandler's veracity. 
This led to a demand by Colonel Chandler for a court of 
inquiry, but his request was refused on the ground that ofiieers 
could not be spared from the field for that purpose ! Here is 



Twelve Months in Anders onville. 197 

direct evidence of knowledge of the condition of the prisoners 
by the Confederate Government, and the fact is patent that 
there were no steps taken for their betterment. 

Two pertinent inquiries will arise in the mind of every 
careful reader: (1.) What object had the Confederate authori- 
ties in exterminating the prisoners? (2.) Why was there not 
an exchange of prisoners? 

In answer to the first inquiry : The deliberate cruelty 
was practiced in the hope that the desperate suffering in the 
rebel prison pens — reports of which were beginning to be 
heard in the North — would create such a sentiment as to de- 
mand a cessation of hostilities in the interest of humanity. If 
the people of the loyal States could be made to believe that the 
fifty thousand Union prisoners in captivity must perish unless 
the war should cease, the rebels believed it would raise a great 
cry for peace to reinforce the copperheads and rebel sympa- 
thizers of the North in their demands for a compromise. 
Failing in this, a secondary object was to cripple the Union 
army, in case of an exchange, by returning to it a lot of dis- 
eased and broken-down soldiers — " miserable wretches," as 
Robert Ould, the Rebel Commmissioner of Exchanse, called 
them — unfit for service, in exchange for the well-fed rebels who 
were cared for in the Northern prisons, who were then in 
prime condition for field service, and who would prove a valu- 
able reinforcement to the Confederate army. 

As to the second inquiry : There was no general 
exchange of prisoners the latter part of the war for the sole 
reason that the rebels refused to concede that the black man 
was no longer property. The Federal Government desired an 
exchange, and General B. F. Butler, United States Commis- 
sioner of Exchange, addressed a long letter to Robert Ould, 
the Confederate Commissioner, in August, 1864. In this letter 



198 Twelve Months m Andersonville, 

General Butler declared his Government ready provided that 
all enlisted soldiers and officers could be exchanged alike. 
Here was the stumbling block. The South refused to treat the 
black men in the United States service as soldiers, and held 
that white officers over them were criminals. It claimed the 
right to reduce to a state of slavery, free men, prisoners of 
war, who had once been in bondage, but had been emancipated 
by the proclamation of President Lincoln ; and, by advertise- 
ment in Southern newspapers, called upon the former ow^ners 
of black men regularly enlisted in the Federal army, who had 
been cajDtured, to come forward and claim "their property." 
Because the Government of the United States insisted that 
every soldier who wore the blue — black as well as white — 
should be equally entitled to the j^rivilege of exchange ; that 
officers in colored regiments should have the same treatment 
as officers in white regiments ; the rebel authorities declined 
an exchange. The United States was honorablj^ bound to 
protect the rights of the colored soldiers and their white offi- 
cers, and because it refused to discriminate against them, no 
agreement could be arrived at. The scenes of Andersonville, 
Belle Isle, Florence, etc., were among the last dreadful pictures 
of the woe brought upon this Nation by the terrible crime of 
human slavery. 

I am rejoiced to know that the confederate prisoners who 
were captured and lodged in the militaiy prisons of the North 
were kindly treated. I have acquaintances who served as 
guards at northern prisons, and they tell me the prisoners 
fared as well as the soldiers who guarded them. The prison 
discipline was rigid of necessitj^, but the Johnnies did not lack 
for food, clothing or shelter. The sick were cared for projDerly 
and the mortality of the prisoners were but little, if any high- 
er, than the mortality of men kept in confinement in penal 
institutions the world over. Nor have I ever heard, from 



Twelve Mofiths i7t Andersonville. 199 

responsible rebel soiii'ces, any complaint of inhumanity such 
as disgraced the cause of the Southern Confederacy. 

In writing this, the story of my personal experience in 
Andersonville, I have endeavored to avoid any exhibition of 
vindictiveness. Twenty years of peace have not been without 
their effect in toning down the just resentment which every sur- 
vivor of Andersonville feels at the barbarity to which himself 
and comrades were subject, but thrice twenty years cannot 
obliterate the remembrance of the horrors of the place. With 
all these scenes rising fresh before my eyes, it has been a dif- 
ficult task to write with the moderation which I had hoj^ed, 
but of one thing my readers can rest assured : 1 have written 
only the truth. I could not have drawn a milder picture had I 
been on the witness stand to answer " under the pains and 
penalties of perjury." 

Of the fifty- two members of the 13th Indiana who entered 
the stockade, thirteen died while prisonei-s at Andersonville. 
How many died in other prisons, how many went to premature 
graves from the effects of that confinement, or how many still 
linger in this life the victims of diseases brought on by their 
sufferings, I have no means of determining. I know that thir- 
teen thousand as brave soldiers as ever followed the Stars and 
Stripes — six hundred of them the sons of the Hoosier State — 
laid down their lives at Andersonville, martyrs to the grand 
cause of Freedom and National Supremacy. 



APPENDIX. 



The total number of prisoners received at Andersonville 
during its use as a prison was 45,613. The records show that 
18,000 of this number were admitted to the hospital for treat- 
ment, and the death register contains the names of nearly 
.13,000 prisoners who died. The principal causes of death were 
diarrhea and dj'sentery, 6,400 ; scurvy, 3,800 ; gangrene, 
700 ; fevers, 406 ; gun wounds, 155 ; phthsis, 137 ; rheumatism, 
83 ; small pox, 68 ; sunstroke, 52. Of the remaining two thou- 
sand, many different forms of disease are named, but the 
majority were wantonly murdered, and no report made. The 
hospital records alone give the cause of the death of 443 pris- 
oners as "unknown." 

The recapitulation of deaths by States is as follows : 

Alabama, 15 

Connecticut, 315 

Delaware, 45 

District Columbia, 14 

Illinois, 850 

Indiana, 594 

Iowa, 174 



^^ Appendix. 

Kansas, 5 

Kentucky, 436 

Louisiana, 1 

Maine, : 233 

Maryland, 194 

Massachusetts, 768 

Minnesota, 79 

Michigan, 630 

Missouri, 97 

New Hampshire, 124 

New Jersey, 170 

New York, 2572 

North Carolina, 17 

Ohio, 1030 

Pennsylvania, 1811 

Ehode Island, 74 

Tennessee, 738 

Vermont, 212 

Virginia, 288 

Wisconsin, 244 

U. S. Army 399 

U. S. Navy, 100 

Civilians, 166 

Unknown, 517 

Total, 12,912 

The following is a list of Federal prisoners from Indiana 
and Ohio who died and were buried at Andersonville, from the 
organization of the Pi-ison in February, 1864, to the sui-render 
of the Confederate army in May, 1865. Compiled from the 
Prison Hospital Register kept by the Confederate Surgeons, 
White, Stevenson and Clayton : 



Appendix. 



Ill 



INDIANA. 



No. of 
Grave. 

571. 

1917. 

3991. 

4270. 

5680. 

6921. 

7124. 

9292. 

9445. 

9584. 

9643. 

9759. 
10473. 
10793. 
11186. 
12183. 
12513. 



313. 

576. 

596. 

838. 
1514. 
1603. 
1759. 
2016. 
2191. 
2222. 
2299. 
2458. 
2874. 
3044. 



Name. 



Co. Regt. 



Date of Death. 
. April 15, '64 



Allen, Jessie, corporal K, 116th Inf. 

Adkins, George D, 6th Cav .... June 14 

Andrews, E. L K, 6th Cav July 26 

Anderson, D E, 76th Inf July 29, 

Ault, J. W D, 40th Inf Aug. 14 

Alexander, S D, 93d Inf Aug. 26 

Alexander, J. D K, 5th Cav Aug 28 

Auburn, C H, 65th Inf Sept. 19^ 

Adkins, J. F H, 2d Cav Sept. 21 

Adams, H A, 35th Inf Sept. 23 

Allen, D. B., sergeant 29th Inf Sept. 24 

Alfred, W. J K, 117th Inf. . . . Sept. 25 

Allyn, D. . • ■ • K, 88th Inf Oct. 7 

Atlaud, C C, 32d Inf Oct. 12; 

Albin, I D, 89th Inf Oct. 19 

Austin, Alfred K, 5th Inf Nov. 27 

Amick, W B, 93d Inf Jan. 23 

B 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'65 



Bash, David C, 117th Inf. . . . April 2, '64 

Bee, Thomas Cavalry April 16, '64 

Bock, Samuel I, 75th Inf ... . April 17, '64 

Brown, T D, 66th Inf ... . May 1, '64 

Barry, Henry D, 84th Inf ... . May 31, '64 

Boley, A. I C, 66th Inf. ..... June 4, '64 



Barra, John H, 65th Inf. 

Burnett, Wm G, 6th Cav . 

Buckhart, E F, 27th Inf . 

Brasier, S., musician I, 19th Inf . 

Baumgardner, D, 44th Inf . 

Barrett, E 1, 42d Inf . . 

Bowman, John C, 42d, Inf. . 

Bruce, J. W. . M, 5th Cav . 



. June 9, '64 
. June 15, '64 
. June 19, '64 
. June 20, '64 
. June 22, '64 
. June 25, '64 
. July 4, '64 
. July 8, '64 



IV 

JVo. of 
Grave. 

3359. 

3366. 

4027. 

4035. 

4251. 

4479. 

4563. 

4948. 

5089. 

5993. 

5220. 

5275. 

6442. 

5590. 

5690. 

5794. 

5981. 

6163. 

6410. 

6518. 

7370. 

7794. 

8314. 

8397. 

8519. 

9098. 

9548. 

9708. 

9777. 

9793. 

9846. 
10350. 
10909. 
11559. 
11604. 
11919. 



Appendix . 



Name. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Broughton, D K, 7th Inf. . 

Bricker, J C, 68th Inf . 

Barton, J. F G, 52(i Inf. . 

Balinger, Robt I. 39th Inf. . 

Bonly, James C, 81st Inf. • 

Baker, J. . G, 9th Inf. . 

Baker, D. W B, 13th Inf . 

Bayer, F H, 129th Inf. 

Brenton, J. W I, 29th Inf. . 

Bowlin, Wm G, 53d Inf. . 

Barton, E G, 2d Cav. . 

Busick, W. A., corporal ... . F, 101st Inf. 

Bryer, P K, 81st Inf. . 

Bohens, Philip A, 79th Inf . 

Baker, J. P H, 7th Cav . 

Boom, W. P F, 31st Inf. . 

Barton, George F, 130th Inf. 

Brookers, J. M E, 112th Inf. 

Brown, J. M F, 66th Inf. . 

Bartholomew, I A, 99th Inf. 

Bamgroover, J. A H, 101st Inf. 

Barnes, Thomas M C, 5th Cav. - 

Babbitt, W. H I, 29th Inf. . 

Bassinger, H C, 14th Inf . 

Boyd, W. F F, 125th Inf. 

Bortley, S I, 88th Inf. . 

Bray, T. E K, 79th Inf. 

Brown, J., sergeant, A, 1st Cav. . 

Birch, T. A . . . L, 58th Inf . 

Bozell, J. F B, 40th Inf . 

Bixter, D B, 5th Inf. . 

Blackaber, W. H I, 42d Inf. . 

Benton, L H, 30th Inf. . 

Bennett, R. N D, 72d Inf. . 



Date of Death . 

July 15, '64 
July 15, '64 
July 26, '64 
July 26, '64 
July 29, '64 
Aug. 1, '64 



Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 



2, '64 

7, '64 

8, '64 
8, '64 



Aug. 10, '64 
Aug. 10, '64 
Aug. 12, '64 
Aug. 14, '64 
Aug. 15, '64 
Aug. 15, '64 
Aug. 17, '64 
Aug. 19, '64 
Aug. 22, '64 
7iug. 22, '64 
Aug. 31, '64 
Sept. 4, '64 
Sept. 10, '64 
Sept. 10, '64 
Sept. 12, '64 
Sept. 18, '64 
Sept. 23, '64 
Sept. 24, '64 
Sept. 26, '64 
Sept. 26, '64 
Sept. 27, '64 
. Oct. 5, '64 
. Oct. 14, '64 
. Oct. 27, '64 



Bemis, J. M., sergeant, F, 87th Inf Oct. 28, '64 

Brown, D B, 128th Inf. . . . Nov. S, '64 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 

11930. 
12019. 
12128. 
12294. 
12486. 
12504. 
12596. 



301. 

625. 

634. 
1117. 
1146. 
1172. 
1463. 
1523. 
2254. 
2307. 
2776. 
3043. 
3922. 
4234. 
4192. 
4917. 
5262. 
5654. 
5660. 
5901. 
6203. 
6477. 
6646. 
6926. 
7383. 
7726. 
7737. 



Name. 



Co. JRegt. 



Bailey, George A, 72nd Inf . 

Bennett, A G, 29th Inf . 

Booth, J E, 32nd Inf . 

Bennett, C H, 6th Inf . 

Barrey, H I, 66th Inf. . 

Balstrum, J F, 93d Inf. . 

Branson, E A, 57th Inf . 

c 

Charles, James G, 6th Inf. . 

Connell, P M, 6th Cav . 

Claycome, S. A., sergeant, . . . G, 66th Inf. 

Cox, Joseph, sergeant, B, 42d Inf. . 

Carter, Henry C, 2d Cav. • 

Curry, J. W . . F, 30th Inf. . 

Currfer, Wm K, 87th Inf . 

Crest, J. D F, 31st Inf. . 

Carpenter, O. C, corporal, . . . D, 29th Inf . 

Cottrell, M. sergeant, G, 6th Cav • 

C^ooley, A C, 38th Inf. . 

Clark, W C, 82d Inf. . 

Connolly, D I, 9th Inf . . 

Curry, W. F I, 4th Cav. 

Cox, S E, 66th Inf. . 

CUfiord, H. C I, 7th Cav . 

Courtney, J. F L, 2nd Cav . 

Collar, E G, 130th Inf 

Crews, E. M A, 5th Cav . 

Clark, A A, 54th Inf . 

Chrichfula, S A, 93d Inf. . 

Croane, J. J C, 22d Inf. . 

Cornelius, E B, 58th Inf . 

Carnahan, A. W. sergeant . . . E, 6th Inf. . 

Carpenter, S I, 66th Inf. . 

Callings, W F, 120th Inf. 

Cramer, A H, 30th Inf. 



Date, of Death. 

. Nov. 8, '64 
. Nov. 15, '64 
. Nov. 22, '64 
. Dec. 15, '64 
. Jan. 19, '65 
. Jan. 22, '65 
. Feb. 6, '65 



• April 
. April 
. April 
. May 
. May 
. May 
. May 
. May 
. June 
. Jime 

• July 

• July 

■ July 

• July 

• July 

■ Aug. 

■ Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

■ Aug. 

■ Aug. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



VI 

No. of 
Grave. 

7899. 

8051. 

8108. 

8133. 

8144. 

9294. 

9535. 

9980. 
100S4. 
10905. 
11423. 
116.31. 
12U()2. 
12173. 
12213. 
12415. 
12559. 



426. 

508. 

964. 
2205. 
3157. 
3419. 
4021. 
4029. 
4124. 
5255. 
5367. 
5420. 
5681. 
6147. 
6234. 
6944. 
9236. 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. 



Begt. 



Cheney, James I, 7tli Cav . 

Crampton, R I, 101st Inf . 

Crazen, J • G, 53d Inf . 

Crager, J C, 13th Inf. 

Cooper, J E, 80th Inf . 

Christman, J. E G, 6th Cav 

ColUns, G F, 56th Inf . 

Connett, Daniel F, 130th Inf. 

Conel, J D, 13th Inf . 

Callen, M B, 35th Inf. 

Cafer, J. H K, 87th Inf. 

Cummings, J. W F, 93d Inf . 

Clark, M B, 101st Inf . 

Cannon, A F, 42d Inf. . 

Cregs, Wm E, 5th Cav 

Collins, W. A., sergeant . . . . G, 5th Inf. 
Calvert, G. F I, 8th Cav. 



Date of Death. 

. Sept. 5, '64 

. Sept. 6, '64 

. Sept. 7, '64 

. Sept. 8, '64 

. Sept. 8, '64 

. Sept. 19, '64 

. Sept. 22, '64 

. Sept. 28, '64 

. Sept. 30, '64 

. Oct. 13, '64 

. Oct. 24, '64 

. Oct. 28, '64 

. Nov. 17, '64 

. Nov. 16, '64 

. Dec. 3, '64 

. Jan. 8, '65 

. Jan. 30, '65 



D 

Drummond, J. H F, 65th Inf. 

Davip, J. M I, 65th Inf. 

Darker, Wm, • • . . C, 12th Inf. 

Denny, John ....... E, 44th Inf. 

Detrich, C K, 29th Inf. 

Dusan, J D, 6lh Inf. . 

Develip, E B, 35th Inf. 

Decer, P K, 32nd Inf 

Dill, C. P . . : F, 42nd Inf. 

Davis, K D, 13th Inf. 

Dunben, M E, 36th Inf. 

Delup, Z. S D, 13th Inf. 

Dallinger, W. C E, 38th Inf. 

Denton, Philip D, 81st Inf. ■ 

Downey, S. M I, 116th Inf. 

Dowell, W. S C, 6th Inf. . 

Diver, O F. 19th Inf. 



April 7 
April 12 
. May 8 
Jnne 19 
July 11 
July 16 
July 26 
July 26 
July 27 
Aug. 10 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 
Aug. 14 
Aug. 19 
Aug. 25 
Aug. 26 
Sept. 19 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 

9638. 

looia. 

10435. 
10446. 
10916. 
10954. 
12087. 
12172. 
12236. 
12533. 
12545. 
12580. 



Co. Rcgt. 

Dunlap, W A. 30th Inf. 

Downs, J. R I, 5th Cav. • 

Dane, Andrew I, 36th Inf. 

Dignon, L B, 35th Inf. 

Dawson, L. F I, 29th Inf. 

Dial, R B, 1st Cav. 

Daffendal, P. H D, 58th Inf. 

Davenport, J I, 6th Cav. • 



VII 



Date (if Death. 



■ Sept. 
. Sept. 

. ..Oct. 

. Oct. 
, . Oct. 

. Oct. 
. Nov. 

■ Nov. 

Delasement, F. sergeant . . . . B, 14th Inf Dec. 

Duckworth, J F, 85th Inf Jan. 

Dawley, J I, 73rd Inf Jan. 

Dawson, J D, 124th Inf. . . . Feb. 

B 



24, '64 

29, '64 

6, '64 

7, '64 
14, '64 
14, '64 
18, '64 
24, '64 

6, '64 
27, '65 
27, '65 

3, '65 



916. Evans, G. H . . A, 1st Cav May 6, '64 

917. Edwards, G. H. musician. . . . G, 6th Inf May 7, '64 

1083. Ellis, H. C D, 6th Cav May 14, '64 

1279. Evans, W I, 75th Inf May 22, '64 

1346. Eskridge, Oakley D, 29th Inf May 24, '64 

1994. Edwards, J. W G, 38th Inf. . . . June 15, '64 

2481. Essenthal, F D, 5th Cav. - . . June 25, '64 

4075. Eaton, W. H B, 58th Inf. . . . July 27, '64 

4953. Ecker, J I, 39th Inf Aug. 17, '64 

5076. Evans, J I, 6th Cav Aug. 8, '64 

7917. Ells, D I. 20th Inf. . . . Sept. 5, '64 

11320. Elston, F B, 9th Inf Oct. 22, '64 

11429. Estelle, E. W. sergeant. . . . L, 2d Cav Oct. 24, '64 

11712. Eldridge, E 38th Inf Nov. 1, '64 

11774. Earl, D. corporal B, 2nd Cav. • . . Nov. 3, '64 

12285. Emmons, W D, 5th Inf Dec. 14, '64 

F 

1482. Frecks, F D, 35th Inf. . . . May 30, '64 

1808. Fitter, B I, 66th Inf June 10, '64 

2143. Fike, Tobias D, 30th Inf. . . . June 18, '64 

3014. Fitzgerald, I D, 30th Inf. . . . July 7, '64 

14 



VJIT 

Grave, 

:i4-SS. 

3637. 

8379. 

8547. 

8766. 

9847. 
ia509. 
11311. 
11526. 
12012. 
12144. 
12320. 
12728. 



98. 
322. 
1048. 
1165. 
1215. 
1312. 
1594. 
2337. 
2386. 
2418. 
3573. 
4179. 
4273. 
4847. 
4901. 
6189. 
6398. 
6493. 
7298. 
7321. 
7698. 



Appendix. 



Same. 



Co. 



Begt. 



Feacher. D. E, 32nd Inf. 

Fuget, W C, 3rd Cav. . 

Fields, X F, 6th Cav. 

Fenty:>n, I D, 72nd Inf. 

Farward, .? I. Sth Cav. - 

Forshua, W ■ ■ ■ - H, 2-5th Inl 

Farmingham, W. C K, 14tli Cav. 

Fanier. F I, 6th Car. 

Fish, C H, 2nd Car. 

Falkerson, J. sergeant B, 93rd Inf. 

Francis, F. musician 93rd Inf. 

Frass, John, sergeant. D, 6th Cav. 

Felnick, H F, 10th Inf. 

G 

Graham, Wm G, 6th Inf. 

Gladman, H B. 110th Inf. 

Goodwin, "Wm M, 2nd Cav. 

Grimes, F. O I: 66th Inf. 

Garver, John F. 29th Inf. . 

Gtillsen, Wm L, 7th Cav. 

GrifiBn, William. I, 6th Cav. 

Gray, D. L. - I. 22nd Inf. 

Guthrie, W. B C, 80th Inf. 

Gaiard, Wm C, 120th Inf. 

Gibbon, W. T I, 128th Inf. 

Gould, Wm E, 66th Inf. 

Gilbert, H. A. sergeant K, 2nd Cav. 

Galliger, Wm B, 7th Ini . 

Gerard, H. - . . G, 35th Inf. 

Goodwin, I F, 20th Inf. 

Gordon, W. M G, 74th Inf. 

Goodridge, E. corporal H, 9l6t Inf. 

Grass, C H, 32nd Inf. 

Gray, H. F H, 2nd Cav. 

Gerber, I C 30th Inf. 



Date of Death. 

. July 17, '64 

. July 20, '64 

. Sept. 10, '64 

. Sept 12, '64 

. Sept. 14, '64 

- Sept. 27, '64 

. Oct. 8, '64 

. Oct. 22, '64 

. Oct. 26, '64 

. Xov. 14, '64 

. Nov. 24, '64 

. Dec. 24, '64 

!March 4, '65 



March 
. April 
. 3Iay 
. May 
. May 
. May 

- June 
June 

. June 
. June 
. July 
. July 
. July 
. July 

- Aug. 
■ Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 
. Aug. 
. Sept. 



22, '64 

2, '64 
12, '64 
17, '64 
19, '64 

23, '64 

3, '64 
22, '64 

24, '64 
24, '64 
19, '64 
28, '64 
29, '64 
31, '64 

6. '64 
19, '64 

21, '64 

22, '64 
30, '64 
30. '64 

3, '64 



Appe7idix. 



yb. of 

Grave. 

8540. 

S791. 

9112. 

9114. 
107S2. 
11409. 
lloSl. 
12216. 
1239S. 
124S3. 



630. 

879. 
1953. 
2118. 
2130. 
2379. 
2392. 
2629. 
2768. 
2768. 
2793. 
2812. 
2974. 
3289. 
3507. 
4487. 
3362. 
5678. 
5695. 
5872. 
6076. 
6198 
6491. 
7031. 



Co. 



JifSt 



IX 



Date of Death. 



Galliger, P C, 5SthIiif Sept. 12. "64 

Gaham. William K, 3oth Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

Green, S E, 72d Inf Sept. IS, '64 

Gillan, J F, 2vHli luf Sept. IS, '64 

Gris-wold. Thomas F, 2d Cav Oct. 12, '64 

Gordon, J. AV D. loth Inf Oct. 24, '64 

Greenwood, W C, 3d Cav Oct. 28, '64 

Grant, H. G G, 5th Cav Dec. 3, '64 

Garnet. T E, 6th Inf. ... Jan. 5, '65 

Green, William E, SiHh Inf Jan. 19, '6o 

H 

Hollar, John I, 5th Cav April 19. '64 

Herrick, AVilliam F, 80th Inf May 4, "64 

Hall. L. S C. 117th Inf. . . . June 14, '64 

Hilliard, J D, llOth Inf . . . June 17. '64 

Hodges, J C, 7th Inf June 18, "64 

Hustin, James B, 74th Inf June 23, '64 

Hodges, S F, 9th Inf June 24. '64 

Humphrey, I C, 3d Cav June 28. '64 

Hendricks, J C, 2d Cav July 2. '64 

Higgins, M. P C 3d Cav July 2. '04 

Hodges, W. J F, 5th Cav July2, 'ii4 

Hillman, H G, 65th Inf July 3. '64 

Hamilton, James K, 7th Cav. . . July 7. "64 

Hine. S A, 6Sth Inf July 14, '64 

Hodgen, J. W. . . G, 80th Inf. . . . July 18, '64 

Hanger, L. S A. 65th Inf July 1, '64 

Hart, J. R H, 88th Inf. . . . Au-g. 11. '64 

Hittle, B L, 6th Cav. . . Aug. 14. '64 

Helville, X. C F, 20th Inf Aug. 15. '64 

Heah. Jacob G, 20th Inf. . . Aug. 16, '64 

Hearne. John F, 5th Cav Aug. 18, '64 

Hcrshton, A. M. 4th Cav. . . . Aug. 19. '64 

llenih-icks, 1 H, 129th Inf. . . Aug. 22, '64 

llartsock, 1 A, oOth Inf. . . . Aug 27, '64 



Date of Death. 


Sept. 4, 


't)4 


Sept. 4, 


'64 


Sept. 5, 


'64 


Sept. 6, 


'64 


Sept. 7, 


'64 



^ Appendix. 

No. of 

Grave. Name. Co. Regt. 

7790. Hunter, J. M F, 42d Inf. . 

7837. Hammond, G. W., sei'geiuit . . D, 65tli Inf. . 

7903. Halfree, J. A A, 32d Inf. . 

7971. Hamilton, P. S E, 7th Inf. . . 

8091. Hughes, W. H., corporal . . . . D, 81st Inf Sept. 

8347. Hart, A A, 7th Inf Sept. 10, '64 

8541. Haff, M Battery 4 Sept. 12, '64 

8681. Hunter, H F, 42d Inf Sept. 13. '64 

8778. Haynes, W G, 30th Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

8836. Higgins, John W C, 3d Cav Sept. 15, '64 

8967. Holloway, J M, 5th Cav. . . . Sept. 16, '64 

9023. Huhbner, F E, 4th Cav Sept. 18, '64 

9329. Hurst, K. v., corporal B, 36th Inf Sept. 20, .'64 

9429. Higgins, W. E H, 53d Inf Sept. 21, '64 

9911 Haghton,J D, 2d Cav Sept. 28, '64 

9933. Harrington, O I, 30th Inf Sept. 28, '64 

10123. Hoffman, J C, 80th Inf Oct. 1, '64 

10293. Hunsler, W. H., sergeant . . . E, 38th Inf Oct. 4, '64 

10522. Hoagler, N. C E, 39th Inf Oct. 8, '64 

10613. Harris, W. C D, 13th Inf Oct. 10, '64 

10820. Hector, E D, 13th Inf Oct. 12, '64 

11231. Haskins, H A, 99th Inf Oct. 20, '64 

11243. Ilasfle, J., musician F, 1st Cav Oct. 21, '64 

11790. Hill, R D, 14th Inf Nov. 4. '64 

12249. Hamilton, D B, 13th Inf Dec. 9, '64 

12536. Hall, H. H E, 2d Cav Jan. 27, '65 



6414. Ihn, C B, 129th Inf. . . . Aug. 22, '64 

8963. Igo, T., corporal E, 4th Cav. . • • Sept. 16, '64 



670. Johnson, Isaac C, 5th Cav. • • • April 22, '64 

1931. Jennings, C, corporal I, 6th Cav June 14, '64 

2212. Jackson, John C, 22d Inf June 20, '64 

2353. Jones, William M D, 68d Inf June 23, '64 



Appendix . ^I 

No. of 

Grave. Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

3311. Jasper, William I, 38th Inf July 10, '64 

5245. Judd, Henry, sergeant . . . . D, 2d Cav Aug. 10, '64 

6172. Julerso, H D, 2d Cav Aug. 19, '64 

6311. Jones, H. C C, 5th Cav Aug. 20, '64 

7100. Jones, A I, 88th Inf Aug. 28, '64 

9948, Johnson, J A, 7th Cav Sept. 28, '64 

12517. Jones J C, 120th Inf. . . . Jan. 24, '65 

12799. Johnson, H C, 40th Inf. . . . March 19, '65 

K 

417. Kistner, George B, 42d Inf April 7, '64 

618. Kinnan, A G, 56th Inf. . . . April 18, '64 

858. Ketcham, G. W., sergeant ... I, 5th Cav May 3, '64 

1908. Kelso, E. O C, 3dCav.. . . , . June 13, '64 

2036. Kelley, John, sergeant .... 5th Cav June 15, '64 

2407. Kennedy, Amos H, 2d Cav June 24, '64 

2527. Kanga, J E, 74th Inf. . . . June 26, '64 

3047. Kennedy, J. W. corporal ... I, 3d Cav July 8, '64 

4024. Keyes, William E, 72d Inf July 26, '64 

5149. Keiler, W. J., sergeant . . . . H, 4th Cav. . . . Aug. 9, '64 

5253. Kecher, T I, 29th Inf Aug. 10, '64 

5722 Kern, W * H, 25th Inf. . . Aug. 15, '64 

6596. Kelley, John C, 32d Inf Aug. 23, '64 

7085. Kames, J F, 128th Inf. . . . Aug. 28, '64 

8621. King, D A, 81st Inf Sept. 13, 'B4 

10689. Keller, I B, 49th Inf Oct 11, '64 

12278. Kuling, I A, 79th Inf Dec. 12, '64 

12587. Keef, P., corporal C, 10th Cav • . • Feb. 4, '65 



1041. Lewis, J ... H, 6th Inf May 12, '64 

1239. Lawrence, R. J G, 30th Inf . . . . May 20, '64 

1261. Lower, N. © I, 116th Inf ... . May 21, '64 

2615. Lewis, James F, 65th Inf ... . June 28, '64 

2745. Luff, C I, 58th Inf . . July 1, '64 

3029. Lewis, J C, 3d Cav July 7, '64 



XII 

No. of 
Grave. 

3767. 

3890. 

4548. 

5014. 

5585. 

5616. 

6775. 

7162. 

8607. 

9256. 
10508. 
11152. 
11715. 
12250. 



130. 
5. 

631. 

746. 

841. 

903. 

954. 
1090. 
1405. 
1516. 
1860. 
2240. 
2397. 
2511. 
2608. 
3387. 
3633. 
3884. 
4010. 
4388. 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. Regt. 



Lannon, J. S F, 128th Inf. 

Lawrence, D A, 80th Inf . 

Lyons, Wm A, 35th Inf . 

Lee, John C, 3d Cav. . 

Lawson, Wm A, 75th Inf . 

Lawyer, James B, 80th Inf • 

Lyons, Wm E, 1st Cav . 

Lowery, D G, 2d Cav . 

Lunger, A M, 7th Cav . 

Liggett G, 52d Inf . 

Lewis, E C, 7th Cav. • 

Lash, J B, 101st Inf . 

Lakin, A 7th Cav. . • 

Lawrence, B. T D, 42d Inf 

M 

McCarty, John D, 66th Inf . 

Moodie, Z K, 119th Inf. 

Mullen, James G, 6th Cav 

Masters, Wm C, 6.5th Inf. 

Milton, John C, 18th Inf . 

Mytinger, Wm F,» 117th Inf. 

Milburn, J K, 6th Inf. . 

Moore, Peter I, 6th Inf . . 

Miller, Jacob E, 74th Inf . 

IMartin, George, Fergeant . . . C, 3d Cav. . 

Merritt, H G, 30th Inf. 

Mitchell, J. J D, 30th Inf. 

Milliken, S. L G, 1st Cav. • 

Moneyhon, B D, 38th Inf . 

Marsh, J D, 88th Inf . 

Mank, E E, 80th Inf . 

Marlit, J H, 80th Inf . 

Mulchy, J A, 35th Inf . 

Mercer, John F, 12ih Inf . 

Malsby, F A, 14tli Cav. 



Date of Death. 

. July 22, '64 
. July 24, '64 
. Aug. 2, '64 
. Aug. 8, '64 
. Aug. 14, '64 
. Aug. 14, '64 
. Aug. 25, '64 
. Aug. 29, '64 
. Sept. 12, '64 
. Sept. 10, '64 
. Oct. 8, '64 
. Oct. 18, '64 
. Nov. 1, '64 
. Dec. 9, '64 



March 
March 
. April 
. April 
. May 
. May 
. May 
. May 
. May 
. May 
. June 
. June 
. June 
. June 
. June 

• July 
. July 

• July 
■ July 
. July 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'(54 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



Appendix. ^^^^ 

No. of 
Grave. Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

4959. McDall, E A, 19th Inf . . . . Aug. 7, '64 

5562. Manihan, J D, 38tli Inf ... . Aug. 13, '64 

5618. Mageson, J A, 7th. Cav .... Aug. 14, '64 

5703. Mensome, S., sergeant E, 42d Inf .... Aug. 15, '64 

5713. Monroe, S F, 33d Inf Aug. 15, '64 

5767. Montgomery, R F, 80th Inf .... Aug. 15, '64 

5863. Michael, S I, 7th Cav Aug. 16, '64 

6461. Mitchell, J. H I, 30th Inf .... Aug. 22, '64 

6521. Monroe, H. J. sergeant G, 44th Inf, . . . Aug. 22, '64 

6566. Matthews, M K, 42d Inf Aug. 23, '64 

7043. Milsker, J D, 5th Cav. . . . Aug. 27. '64 

7233. Matheny, N., sergeant A, 42d Inf Aug. 29, '64 

7272. McQueston, J. O B, 13th Inf. . . . Aug. 30, '64 

7610. Myers, A E, 29th Inf. . . .Sept. 1, '64 

7820. Moore, G. corporal. . . . . . . F, 101st Inf. . . . Sept. 4, '64 

7973. Mine, John N H, 2d Cav Sept. 6, '64 

8007. Miller, W. V7 B, 101st Inf. . . . Sept. 6, '64 

8176. McCoy, W. sergeant B, 66th Inf. . . . Sept. 8, '64 

8389. Murphy, J E, 9th Inf Sept. 10, '64 

8651. McElvain, J E, 93d Inf Sept. 15, '64 

8925. Myers, J D, 143d Inf. . . . Sept. 16, '64 

9575. Morrison, J B, 4th Cav. . • . Sept. 23, '64 

9600. Miller, J G, 7th Cav. . . . Sept. 23, '64 

9856. Murgu, A D, 35th Inf. . . . Sept. 27, '64 

10231. Monay, G. W E, 7th Inf Oct. 2, '64 

10245. McFarney, J B, 93d Inf Oct. 3, '64 

10394. Maples, H H, 29th Inf. . . . Oct. 6, '64 

10891. Murphy, F B, 35th Inf Oct. 13, '64 

10995. McDonald, I B, 74th Inf Oct. 16, '64 

11166. Mills, Milton D, 26th Inf Oct. 18, '64 

11271. Mitchell, I K, 7th Inf Oct. 21, '64 

11585. McCarty, A A, 7th Inf Oct. 28, '64 

11665. McBeth, I. C K, 28th Inf Oct. 30, '64 

11680. Murphy, F C, 35th Inf Oct. 31, '64 

11746. McCarty, A A, 7th Inf. . . . Nov. 2, '64 

11857. McCarty, I A, 6th Inf Nov. 6, '64 



XIV 

]S^o. of 
Grave. 

11946. 
12548. 
12563. 
12624. 
12639. 
12769. 



2007. 

3205. 

3519. 

4627. 

6528. 
10187. 
12226. 

9494. 



342. 

1874. 

2778. 

5226. 

5361. 

7863. 

7911. 
10940. 
12544. 
12590. 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Miller, F. B C, 30th Inf. 

Madlener, L K, 12tli Inf. 

McFall, I A, 30th Inf. 

Manifold, W I, 6th Cav. . 

Montgomery, W. G, 5th Cav 

Maloy, I G, 5th Cav. . 



Date of Death. 

. Nov. 10, '64 
. Jan. 27, '65 
. Jan. 31, '65 
. Feb. 9, '65 
. Feb. 17, '65 
. Feb. 28, '65 



N 

Noosnian, G G, 117th Inf. . . . June 15, '64 

Newcomb, George A, 22d Inf .... July 12, '64 

Nucha, S I, 3d Cav July 18, '64 

Napper, W. H., sergeant .... I, 6th Inf Aug. 3, '64 

Norton, N. A B, 38th Inf. . . . Aug. 23, '64 

Note, John H F, 39th Inf Oct. 1, '64 

Nichols, J G, 38th Inf ... . Dec. 5, '64 

Newberry, M L, 7th Cav. . . . Sept. 21, '64 

o 

O'Neil, Thomas G, 6th Inf April 2, '64 

Oliver, John, corporal 42d Inf June 12, '64 

Oliver, H. H M, 5th Cav July 2, '64 

Oliver, J K, 120th Inf. . . . Aug. 10, '64 

Osborn, J E, 73d lof Aug. 11, '64 

Oliver, J D, 19th Inf. . . . Sept. 5, '64 

O'Connor, Thomas B, 5th Cav. . . . Sept. 5, '64 

dinger, E A, 65th Inf Oct. 14, '64 

Ortell, M G, 35th Inf. . . . Jan. 27, '65 

Ousley, W. J A, 7th Inf Feb. 5, '65 



287. Peache, Cyrus D, 66th Inf. . . . April 1 , '64 

559. Pashby, John C, 6th Cav. • • • April 15, '64 

1249. Packer, Samuel B G, (ith Cav May 20, '64 

3434. Pavy, W A, 123d Inf. . . . July 17, '64 

3738. Palmer, A F, 42d Inf. . . . July 21, '64 

4068. Parker, E. sergeant A, 29th Inf. . . . July 27, '64 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 



4171. 

4551. 

4553. 

5627. 

6159. 

6278. 

6874. 

7710. 

8661. 

9196. 

9705. 

9709. 
10128. 
11880. 
12572. 
12588. 



872. 

944. 
1065. 
1440. 
1558. 
1696. 
2140. 
4039. 
4165. 
4406. 
5180. 
5259. 
5454. 
5542. 
6247. 
6383. 
6707. 
9547. 



Co. Regt. 



XV 



Date of Death. 



Park, John . . B, 129th Inf. . . . July 28, '64 

Pettis, H C, 53d Inf Aug. 2, '64 

Pruitt, H. C K, 7th Cav. . . . Aug. 2, '64 

Prentice, J. M K, 22d Inf Aug. 15, '64 

Penab, Alexander B, 38th Inf. . . . Aug^ 19, '64 

Patterson, E G, 4th Cav. . . . Aug. 20, '64 

Parten, D. R F, 65th Inf. . . . Aug. 26, '64 

Plough, J, W. sergeant . . . . D, 89th Inf. . . . Sept. 3, '64 

Pratt, Wm F, 29th Inf. . . . Sept. 13, '64 

Plumer, A D, 2d Cav Sept. 18, '64 

Pope, I. T. sergeant G, 5th Cav. • . . Sept. 24, '64 

Patterson, N. S G, 93d Inf Sept. 24, '64 

Packett, T. C. sergeant . . . . F, 39th Inf Oct. 1, '64 

Pangburn, sergeant B, 20th Inf. . . . Nov. 6, '64 

Potts, I . . H, 99th Inf Feb. 2, '65 

Phepps, A D, 30th Inf Feb. 2, '65 



. May 4, 

. May 7, 
. May 13, 
. May 28, 
June 2, 



R 

Remy, John B, 66th Inf. . 

Reed, R F, 57th Inf. . 

Remcett, L H, 65th Inf. . 

Ryan, Martin B, 35th Inf. . 

Roll, N. C F, 117th Inf. 

Reese, L I, 116th Inf. . . . June 7, 

Robinson, L I, 7th Inf June 18, 

Rogman ... I, 38th Inf July 26, 

Reiggs, K.N K, 39th Inf July 28, 

Richardson, I I, 35th Inf July 31, 

RowUngs, J. W F, 117th Inf. . . . Aug. 9, 

Rains, G. D G, 4th Cav Aug. 10, 

Ritter, Benjamin K, 29th Inf. . . . Aug, 12, 

Ralph, G F, 68th Inf Aug. 13, 

Roundbush, Daniel B, 6th Inf Aug. 20, 

Redyard, A F, 65th Inf. . . . Aug. 21, 

RawUngs, E., sergeant C, 66th Inf. . . . Aug. 21, 

Riggs, L E. 19th Inf Aug. 23, 

15 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



XVI Appendix. 

No. of 

Grave. yame. Co. Begt. Date of Death. 

6754. Russell, J K, 7th Inf Aug. 24, '64 

7677. Ringold, I I, 7th Cav Sept. 3, '64 

8488. Russmore, E C, 2d Cav Sept. 11, '64 

8577. Redman, N. E F, 80th Inf Sept. 12, '64 

9521. Richardson, .Tolui D, 86th Inf. . . . Sept. 21, '64 

10829. Reeves, William F, 42d Inf Oct. 13, '64 

11416. Rierdon, M. D Bat. 5th Cav. . . . Oct. 24, '64 

11451. Rutger, W., corporal D, 44th Inf Oct. 25, '64 

11935. Russell, W. H C, 13th, Inf. . . . Nov. 9, '64 

12454. Robinson, R G, 8th Inf Jan. 14, '65 

12523. Richardson, E E, 127th Inf. . . . Jan. 26, '65 

S 

86. Smiley I, 65th Inf. . . . March 21, '64 

129. Stein, Thomas D, 66th Inf. . . . March 23, '64 

205. Stouts, I, 65th Inf. . . . March 28, '64 

768. Sanderson, H G, 6th Cav. . • • April 27, '64 

817. Sears, I I, 65th Inf April 30, '64 

901. Shick, Eli C, 20th Inf May 5, '64 

1039. Smith, M. C, corporal Battery 24 ... • May 12, '64 

1331. Smith H A, 86th Inf ... . May 24, '64 

2447. Stafford, J. W I, 68th Inf May 25, '64 

1400. Sapp, A. J H, 44th Inf May 26, '64 

1430. Swindle, T. 0., sergeant A, 82d Inf May 28, '64 

1501. Smith, L A, 116th Inf. . . . May 31, '64 

1611. Schroder, W A, 42d Inf June 4, '64 

1690. Sparks, L. D D, 66th Inf ... . June 7, '64 

1732. Search, C D, 5th Cav June 8, '64 

2079. Shigley, T.W H, 10th Inf. . . June 17, '64 

2083. Stinit, D L, 6th Cav. • • • .June 17, '64 

2218. • Smudley, W E, 5th Cav. • . • June 20, '64 

2318. Swain, J. W A, 30th Inf. . . . June 22, '64 

2420. Snow, J G, 5th Cav. ■ . • June 24, '64 

2625. Sattershwait, A I, 82d Inf . . . . June 28, '64 

2740. Smith, J H, 65th Inf. . . .July 1, '64 

2799. Stanchley, Wm K, 5th Cav. . . . July 2, '64 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. Regt. 



No. of 
Grave. 

2923. Stofer, L sergeant B, 29th Inf. 

3416. Spencer, M K, 80tb Inf. 

4014. Shields, J F, 128th Inf. 

4054. Smith, J. W G, 38th Inf. 

4062. Smith, H H, 79th Inf. 

4088. Schneider, S. A 3d Cav. . . 

4229. Sollman, C, sergeant D, 35th Inf. 

4418. Stevens, M M, 6th Cav. 

4630. Snider, D K, 117th Inf 

4799. Summersvolt, V A, 29th Inf. 

5254. Scott, B D, 9th Inf. . 

5418. Smith, Samuel E C, 9th Inf. . 

5513. Shoemaker, E. W I, 5th Cav. . 

5514. Sims, S • • B, 101st Inf. 

5571. Sackett, I G, 6th Cav. 

5611. Stockman, L. M. E, 68th Inf. 

5884. Standish, M B, 66th Inf. 

5977. Stockhoff, G I, 19th Inf. . 

6044. Stout, H G, 7th Inf. . 

6736. Sipe, J A, 82d Inf. . 

6830. Strong, L F, 9th Inf. . 

7120. Spellman, J F, 80th Inf. 

7264. Shaver, F I, 129th Inf. 

7683. Snyder, L A, 6th Cav. . 

7822. Sanders, D I, 7th Inf. . 

8058. Suthien, J. H E, 63d Inf. . 

8107. Starkey, I I, 6th Cav. . 

8262. Sizeman, I B, 123d Inf. 

8313. Stagewald, J. M., sergeant . . . K, 22d Inf. . 

8623. Suillenbarger, F I, 21st Inf. . 

8666. Sylvanus, J. J G, 35th Inf. 

8727. Shoel, J. P B, 30th Inf. . 

8910. Storm, L. M., sergeant A, 6th Inf . 

9093. Simmons, J I, 84th Inf. . 

9252. Sharp, D. M E, 13th Inf. . 

9546. Sharpless, W G, 43d Inf. . 



XVII 

Date of Death. 

. July 5, '64 
. July 16 
. July 26; 
. July 27 
. July 27 
. July 27 
. July 29; 
. July 31 

Aug. 3 

Aug. 5 

Aug. 10 

Aug. 12 

Aug. 13 

Aug. 13; 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 14 

Aug. 16 

Aug. 17 

Aug. 18 

Aug. 24 

Aug. 25 

Aug. 28 

Aug. 30 

Sept. 3 

Sept. 4 

Sept. 7 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 10 

Sept. 13 

Sept. 13 

Sept. 14 

Sept. 16 

Sept. IS; 

Sept. 19 

Sept. 23 



XV HI 

No. of 
Orave. 

9623. 

9807. 
10790. 
10949. 
11006. 
11187. 
11427. 
11842. 
11969. 
11984. 
12113. 
12381. 
12492. 
12582. 
12645. 
12666. 
12724. 
12809. 



Appendix . 



Name. 



Co. 



Regt. 



518. 

3778. 

379 L. 

4733. 

5065. 

5403. 

6509. 

6719. 

7096. 

7442. 

8495. 

8525. 
10219. 
10438. 
12337. 
12609. 



Smith, S. B F, 17th Inf. . 

Skeets, W A, 65th Inf. 

Smith, George D, 131st Inf. 

Smith, I I, 39th Inf. 

Sloat, G. W., sergeunt B, 44th Inf. 

Seigferd, G. H I, 4th Cav. 

Sweltzer, J G, 2d Cav. 

Shaw, W. R B, 99th Inf. . 

Shoe, G. W E, 74th Inf. 

Steamer, F F, 29th Inf. 

Scarff,F D, 6th Cav. 

Starke, M. S D, 73d Inf. 

Saltz, H. C F, 4th Cav. 

Smith, D. H H, 12th Cav 

Sides, G A, 66th Inf . 

Smure, C G, 2d Cav. . 

Stewart, E. B E, 38th Inf . 

Staley, G. W A, 72d Inf . 

Tenher, James I, 117th Inf 

Tunblora, B B, 65th Inf . 

Thompson, J C, 6th Cav . 

Tooley, G. W H, 42d Inf . 

Truman, L. H., sergeant . . . . G, 6th Cav . 

Taylor, N I, 63d Inf . 

Tooley, W. R., corporal, . . . . H, 42d Inf . 

Todd, T B, 6th Inf . 

Thomas, H. D I, 42d Inf . 

Taylor, George H M, 4th Cav . 

Trumble, D. A A, 30th Inf . 

Taylor, E I, 25th Inf . 

Tasnahet, Charles, sergeant . . E, 31st Inf 

Thomas, M 2d Cav . • . 

Tucer, B., citizen, 

Terhune, C A, 9th Cav . 



Date of Death. 

. Sept. 24, '64 

. Sept. 26, '64 

. . Oct. 12, '64 

. . Oct. 14, '64 

. . Oct. 16, '64 

. . Oct. 19, '64 

. . Oct. 24, '64 

. Nov. 5, '64 

. Nov. 12, '64 

. Nov. 13, '64 

.Nov. 21, '64 

. Jan. 2, '65 

. Jan. 20, '65 

. Feb. 3, '65 

. Feb. 8, '65 

. Feb. 17, '65 

March 3, '65 

March 24, '65 



. April 13, '64 

. July 22, '64 
. July 22, '64 
. Aug. 4, '64 
. Aug. 8. '64 
. Aug. 12, '64 
. Aug. 22, '64 
. Aug. 24, '64 
. Aug. 28, '64 
. Sept. 1, '64 
. Sept. 11, '64 
. Sept. 12, '64 
. Oct. 2. '64 
. Oct. 6. '64 
. Nov. 26, '64 
. Feb. 7, '65 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 



Name. 



Co. Regt. 



u 



10356. Underwood, F C, 7th Cav . 

10769. Upton, F. M A, 52d Inf. . 

V 

1717. Volt, S K, 6th Cav - 

5363. Venome, James K, 30th Inf . 

6250. Vanose, J B, 93d Inf . 

7691. Verhouse, D A, 42d Inf . 

w 

135. Windinger, J G, 117th Inf 

886. Walters, J. H., corporal . . . . G, 6th Cav • 

934. Williams, A G, 6th Inf . 

1194. Wright, Samuel I, 6th Cav • 

1776. White, P C, 6th Cav. 

1812. Wise, Eh D, 88th Inf . 

1918. Warren, E H, 65th Inf. 

. 2107. Williams, F F, 38th Inf . 

2242. West, E H, 7th Cav . 

2363. Woodward, W. W A, 29th Inf. 

2417. Wilson, J. X G, 75th Inf . 

2467. Warden, I B, 44th Inf . 

2554. Warren, E I, 37th Inf . 

2670. Ward, J F, 79th Inf . 

2900. Wyn, W. E D, 13th Inf . 

2929. Wislake, I I, 116th Inf . 

2934 Wicks, L H, 6th Cav . 

3837. Weltz, Ira, sergeant B, 4th Cav. . 

4528. Whitehead, J I, 29th Inf. . 

4639. Winship, James K, 36th Inf. 

4826. Witt, T D, 125th Inf 

5399. Wade, C K, 81st Inf . 

5547. Waynin, J. H I, 4th Cav. • 

6000. West, S. N. corporal B, 7th Inf. . 

6132. Washburn, K H A, 6th Cav . 



XIX 

Date of Death. 

. Sept. 5, '64 
. Oct. 12, '64 



June 8, '64 
Aug. 11, '64 
Aug. 20, '64 
Sept. 3, '64 



March 

. May 

. May 

. May 

June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

• July 

■ July 

■ July 

• July 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 



24, '64 
5, '64 
7, '64 

18, '64 
9, '64 

10, '64 
14, '64 
17, '64 
20, '64 

23, '64 

24, '64 

25, '64 
27, '64 
29, '64 

5, '64 

5, '64 

6, '64 
23, '64 

2, '64 

4, '64 

5, '64 

12, '64 

13, '64 
17, '64 

19, '64 



XX 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 



6405. 

6524. 

7184. 

7191. 

7349. 

8943. 

9228. 

9316. 

6418. 

9501. 

9920. 

9998. 
10643. 
11141. 
11424. 
11602. 
127U8. 
12316. 
12341. 
12402 
12497. 
12737. 



Name. Co. Regt. 

Winders, A I, 120th Inf. 



Date of Death. 



. Aug. 21 

Wagner, M I, 5th Cav x\ug. 25 

Winters, F. W C, 84th Inf . . . . Aug. 29^ 

Wagoner, E A, 42d Inf Aug. 29 

Witzgall, John D, 2d Cav Aug. 31 

Weibel, Charles F, 13th Inf .... Sept. 1& 

White W E, 7th Inf Sept. 19 

Watkins, J A, 81st Inf .... Sept. 20 

WelHngton, H I, 129th Inf. . . . Sept. 21 

Wilson, J. B E, 6th Inf Sept. 21 

Williams, J. A. sergeant . . . . C, 38th Inf ... . Sept. 28 

Wagner, F D, 7th Inf Sept. 29^ 

Ward, J G, 29th Inf Oct. 11 

Whitehead, N. B L, 5th Cav Oct. 18 

White R. B D, 6th Inf Oct. 24, 

Walters, J I, 5th Inf Oct. 28^ 

Winebrook, P B, 35th Inf .... Nov. 18 

Werper, J E, 32d Inf Dec. 20 

AVhite, J A, 7th Inf Dec. 26^ 

Wells, J. M D, 13th Inf Jan. 16 

What, J B, 93d Inf Jan. 21 

Wade, W M, 10th Cav. . . March 6 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'65 
'65 
'65 



Y 

5055. Younce, Charles A I, 7th Cav Aug. 8, '64 

5838. Yorker, Daniel B, 2Sth Inf .... Aug. 16, '64 



1540. Zuet, J H, 65th Inf. 



June 1, '64 



Appendix. ^^^ 



OHIO. 



No. of 

Grave. Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

251. Arthur, George B, 7th Inf. . . • March 30, '64 

789. Arrousmith, W. E K, 45th Inf. . . . April 28, '64 

1118. Ames, George K, 100th Inf. . . . May 14, '64 

1550. Allen, W B, 45th Inf June 1, '64 

1569. AlUnger, D C, 51st Inf June 2, '64 

1724. Anderson, D B, 111th Inf. . . • June 8, '64 

1779. Augustus, T K, 89th Inf. . . . June 9, '64 

1805. Akers, A. A F, 94th Inf. . . . June 10, '64 

2040. Aldridge, C. W 33d Inf June 15, '64 

2985. Adam, Miller I, 103d Inf July 5, '64 

3046. Anderson, E C, 93d Inf. .... July 8, '64 

3197. Aldbrook, C. W 60th Icf. .... July 12, '64 

3485. Arthur, I. C A, 89th Inf July 17, '64 

3852. Armbrish, A A, 21st Inf July 24, '64 

3932. Almond, A A, 72d Inf July 25, '64 

4529. Arnold, Charles G, 9th Cav Aug. 2, '64 

4990. Ailes, G. T I, 20th Inf Aug. 7, '64 

5048. Andrews, Samuel G .... Aug. 8, '64 

6422. Adams, E C, 2d Cav Aug. 22, '64 

7429. Allen, A. B C, 121st Inf. . . . Aug. 31, '64 

7482. Alward, A B, 135th Inf . . . Sept. 1, '64 

7436. Arthur, J I, 69th Inf Sept. 3, '64 

7843. Arne, I J), 64th Inf. . . . Sept. 4, '64 

9818. Alown A D, 34th Inf. . . . Sept. 26 '64 

10393. Andrews, I. E K, 63d Inf Oct. 6, '64 

10425. Adams, I I, 122d Inf Oct. 6, '64 

10874. Allen, James C F, 94th Inf Oct. 13, '64 

11198. Andermill, John K, 24th Inf Oct. 20, '64 

12495. Allen, J. W G, 1st Inf Jan. 20, '65 

12846. Akers, J. W B, 4th Inf April 24, '65 



XXII 



No. of 
Grave. 



188. 

207. 

517. 

791. 

829. 

861. 

952. 
1094. 
1212. 
1226. 
1366. 
1368. 
1376. 
1385 
1468. 
1602. 
1609. 
1781. 
1919. 
1937. 
1970. 
1993. 
2065. 
2067. 
2087. 
2110. 
2170. 
2264. 
2292. 
2415. 
2492. 
2599. 
2696. 
3053. 
3245. 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. JRegt. 



Date of Death. 



B 



Baiel, W. T F, 45th Inf. . . . March 27 

Bodin, Thomas 44th Inf. . . . March 28 

Blackwood, I. H I, 92th Inf April 12 

Beaver, George E B, 111th Inf. . . . April 23 

Beeman, Richard E, 125th Inf. . . . May 1 

Biddinger, M., musician . . . . K, 94th Inf. . . . May 3 

Branigan, James F, 82d Inf May 8 

Biangy, T B, 70th Inf May 14 

Botkins, A. S G, 45th Inf ... May 19 

Black, G. W F, 99th Inf May 20 

Bates, L. B A, 1st Cav May 25 

Bodkin, W K, 45th Inf May 25 

Baldwin, N F, 9th Cav May 26 

Bowers, James A, 89th Inf May 26, 

Boyd, H. I . H, 7th Inf May 30 

Boman, John C, 2d Inf June 4, 

Bryan, R C, 16th Inf June 4 

Balcomb, I) F, 19th Inf. . • • June 9 

Brownies, John I, 7th Inf June 14 

Brooks, J I, 135th Inf. . . . June 14 

Bothin, W. J F, 45th Inf . . • June 15 

Bartholomew, E. W C, 205th Inf . . . June 15 

Belding, F D, 105th Inf • . . June 16, 

Brookheart, W I, 45th Inf ... . June 16 

Benor, H E, 100th Inf . . . June 17 

Bishop, S , K, 49th Inf . . . June 17 

Berry, J. C ^ E, 90th Inf .... June 19 

Beers, A A, 45th Inf .... June 20 

Burnham, W K, 1st Art .... June 21 

Bird, I A, 45th Inf. . . . June 24 

Bratt, G G, 21st Inf . . . June 26 

Broughfman, I C, 39th Inf ... . June 28 

Brandon, John F, 15th Inf lune 30 

Barnes, V. H H, 92d Inf ... . July 9 

Brown, Charles D, 23d Inf ... . July 13 



Appendix. 

No. of 
Grave. Name. Co. Rcgt. 

3299. Burns, M. G B, llUh Inf 

3608. Brackneck, H A, 7th Cav • 

3656. Bogart, John G, 9th Inf . 

3706. Bontrell, C G, 6th Inf . 

3756. Butch, O I, 45th Ini . 

3831. Bowman, S K, 15th Inf . 

4073. Brockway, M D, 2d Art . . 

4279. Boyle, W. H H, 11th Inf . 

4684. Britton, B. H H, 125th Inf 

4968. Berdy, M. J D, 45th Inf . 

5138. Buckle, J. J E, 126th Inf 

5219. Brabham, George B, 9th Cav . 

5498. Baldwin, George G, 9th Cav - 

5653. Bonestine, W. H I, 107th Inf. 

5656. Burna, J. M K, 121st Inf. 

5758. Balmet, J I, 19th Inf. . 

5771. Brutch, E I, 10th Cav. 

5819. Bond, S. T B, 123d Inf. 

5825. Boyle, H B, 130th Inf. 

5937. Bower, F I, 61st Inf. . 

5985. Birch, L. T H, 31st Inf. . 

6008. Bowman, A E, 104th Inf. 

6020. Bright, N E, 6th Inf. . 

6152. Brown, G. S F, 111th Inf 

6839. Buren, T. J A, 89th Inf. 

7280. Barxett, S. C F, 26th Inf. . 

7283. Bell, A B, 70th Inf. . 

7484. Baxter, P. D D, 121st Inf. 

7490. Brenning, C G, 14th Inf 

7529. Brown, W G, 26th Inf. 

7806. Bear, E A, 33d Inf. . 

7983. Bender, C C, 54th Inf. . 

7993. Brown, M F, 110th Inf. 

7994. Barnes, T. S B, 31st Inf. . 

8363. Benear, W. A F, 135th Inf. 

8376. Barston, G. H F, 135th Inf. 

16 



XXIII 

Date of Death. 

July 13, '64 

July 19, '64 

July 20, '64 

July 21, '64 

July 22, '64 

July 23, '64 

July 27, '64 

July 30, '64 

Aug. 4, '64 

Aug. 7, '64 

Aug. 9, '64 

Aug. 10, '64 - 

Aug. 13, '64 

Aug. 14, '64 

Aug. 14, '64 

Aug. 15, '64 

Aug. 15, '64 

Aug. 16, '64 

Aug. 16, '64 

Aug. 17, '64 

Aug. 17, '64 

Aug. 17, '64 

July 17, '64 

Aug. 18, '64 

Aug. 25, '64 

Aug. 30, '64 

Aug. 30, '04 

Sept. 1, '64 

Sept. 1, '64 

Sept. 1, '64 

Sept. 4, '64 

Sept. 6, '64 

Sept. 6, '64 

Sept. 6, '64 

Sept. 10, '64 

Sept. 10, '64 



XXIV 

No. of 
(jhrave. 

8476. 

84i)(i. 

8508. 

8509. 

8676. 

8693. 

8872. 

8939. 

9287. 

9446. 

9473. 

9625. 

9679. 

9897. 

9949. 
10120. 
10199. 
10281. 
10591. 
11072. 
11307. 
11308. 
11313. 
11626. 
11920. 
11939. 
12296. 
12383. 
12524. 
12641. 
12772. 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. Regt. 



Brenner, N F, 60th Inf. . 

Barnes, A G, 36th Inf. 

Blythe, C I, 1st Inf. . 

Brinhomer, J C, 65th Inf. . 

Brown, H. H A, 41st Inf. . 

Bell, James B, 135th Inf. 

Buckley, J. G A, 126th Inf. 

Blessing, C • ... F, 9th Inf. . 

Baker, W. C 94th Inf. . . 

Brookover, George B, 135th Inf. 

Brace, J. R C, 123d Inf . 

Bradley, A A, 101st Inf. 

Blackman, S G, 72d Inf. . 

Birchfield, Eli 14th Inf. . . 

Beant, H. T D, 34th Inf . 

Brewer, D. C K, 43d Inf. . 

Brown, E. N E, 21st Inf. . 



Date of Death. 

Sept. 11, '64 
Sept. 11, '64 
Sept. 12, 
Sept. 12, 
Sept. 13, 
Sept. 14, 
Sept. 15, 
Sept. 16. 
Sept. 19, 
Sept. 21, 
Sept. 21, 
Sept. 24, 
Sept. 24, 
Sept. 27, 
Sept. 28, 
. Oct. 
. Oct. 



Brum, W. H B, 20th Inf Oct. 4 

Briggs, F G, 17th Inf Oct. 16 

Baymher, L. G A, 153d Inf Oct. 17 

Boles, G H, 112th Inf. . . . Oct. 22 

Bunker, J K, 11th Inf Oct. 22 

Burns, M K, 12th Inf ... . Oct. 22 

Bricker, J. J H, 126th Inf. . . . Oct. 28 

Bumgardner, Joel C, 3d Inf Nov. 8 

Barber, B D, 10th Cav. . . Nov. 9 

Bissel, J E, 2d Inf Dec. 16 

Beckley, G F, 102d Inf Jan. 3 

Barnes, E. H D, 2d Inf Jan. 26 

Bower, A F, 37th Inf Feb. 12 

Bowens, W A, 100th Inf. . . March 13 



c 

5. Carpenter, W D, 92d Inf. . . . March 4, '64 

458. Copeland, G A, 1st Inf April 9, '64 

561, Coates, George I, 7th Cav. . • • April 15, '64 



Appendix . 



No. of 
Grave. 



563. 

723. 

763. 

911. 

928. 

965. 
1269. 
1291. 
1521. 
1587. 
1631. 
1679. 
1900. 
1945. 
1992. 
2017. 
2025. 
2101. 
2162. 
2207. 
2468. 
2578. 
2983. 
3002. 
324;. 
3307. 
3356. 
3541. 
3578. 
3604. 
3617. 
3774. 
3937, 
4128. 
4342. 
4493. 



Name. Co. Regt. 

Campbell, James H, 7th Cav. 

Callaway, Wm F, 7th Cav. 

Coleman, G A, 101st Inf. 

Chapman, G A, 75th Inf. 

Grosser, M B, 111th Inf. 

Corby, W. C B, 111th Inf. 

Cruat, Wm C, 82d Inf. . 

Collins, Thomas G, 21st Inf. . 

Capebeart, H I, 7th Inf. . 

Clark, H. S E, 62d Inf. . 

Conklin, Wm B, 121st Inf. 

Clark, D. V. • B, 111th Inf. 

Childers, Wm B, 89th Inf. 

Crocker, George A, 1st Art. . 

Christy, W . . K, 89th Inf. 

Curtis, N D, 45th Inf. 

Careahan, G. M F, 65th Inf. 

Caldwell, J D, loth Inf. 

Cornelius, L. C C, 89th Inf. 

Cochrane, James G, 22d Inf . 

Church, E G, 2d Inf. . 

Combston, J. .» I, 7th Cav. . 

Cameron, H C, 69th Inf. 

Callahan, H B, 34th Inf. 

Caynee, George M D, 89th Inf. 

Canard, J. Q. A G, 14th Inf. 

Cruer, J. W B, 60th Inf. 

Cole. B A, 82d Inf. . 

Collins, T I, 15th Inf. . 

Cook, L. B C, 2d Cav. . 

Clark, J. C H, 31st Inf. . 

Clayton, D. J D, 9th Cav . 

Cover, L B, 49th Inf. 

Clayton, J G, 89th Inf. 

Conway, J A, 103d Inf. 

Cordray, J. J G, 89th Inf. 



XXV 

Date of Death. 

April 15, '64 

April 25, '64 

April 27, '64 

. May 1, '64 

. May 7, '64 

. May 8, '64 

. May 21, '64 

. May 22, '64 

. May 31, '64 

• June 3, '64 

. June 5, '64 

. June 6, '64 

June 13, '64 

. June 14, '64 

. June 15, '64 

. June 15, '64 

. June 15, '64 

June 17, '64 

June 19, '64 

June 25, '64 

June 25, '64 

June 27, '64 

. July 6, '64 

July 7, '64 

. July 13, '64 

. July 1,3, '64 

. July 15, '64 

. July 18, '64 

. July 19, '64 

. July 19, '64 

. July 20, '64 

. July 22, '64 

July 25, '64 

. July 28, '64 

Julv 30, '64 

Aug. 1, '64 



XXVI Appe7idix. 

No. of 

Grave. Nnme. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

4865. Cahili, J. N C, 90th Inf. . . . Aug. 6, '64 

6105. Charles, F A, 10th Inf. . . . Aug. 9, '64 

5451. Collyer, J G, 11th Inf. . . . Aug. 12, '64 

5548. Chandler. M E, 124th Inf. . . Aug. 13, '64 

5922. Clark, James I, 89th Inf Aug. 17, '64 

6022. Cline, K B, 111th Inf. . . . Aug. 17, '64 

6108. Church, George E C, 14th Inf Aug. IS, 64 

6188. Chambers, R. S A, 89th Inf. . . . Aug. 19, '64 

6258. Copir, S. A C, 33d Inf Aug. 20, '64 

6281. Conklin, J. R I, 45th Inf Aug. 20, '64 

6562. Craig, D D, 2d Inf Aug. 23, '64 

7483. Caswell, G C, 21st Inf. . . . Sept. 1, '64 

7486. Coons, David C, 57th Inf. . . . Sept. 1. '64 

7495. Crooks, J. M K, 92dlnf Sept. 1, '64 

7695. Chard, C. W H, 2d Inf Sept. 3, '64 

7800. Cregg, I K, 49th Inf. . . . Sept. 4, '64 

7835. Cline, M E, 2d Inf Sept. 4, '64 

7919. Clark, George D, 60th Inf. . . . Sept. 5, '64 

7998. Cloker, J. W. S., major .... 40th Inf. . . . Sept. 6, '64 

8130. Cummins, W. S I, 35th Inf Sept. 8, '64 

8454. Cattlehock, T A, 35th Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

8457. Campbell, W. C I, 5th Inf Sept. 11, '64 

8694. Chapin, James F, 135th Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

8701. Crooke. W. B B, 135th Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

8810. Clarke, J. R F, 135th Inf. . . . Sept. 15, '64 

9243. Constein, W C, 98th Inf. . . . Sept. 19, '64 

9288. Cambrlet, A. J H, 123d Inf. . . . Sept. 19, '64 

9452. Campbell, Samuel G, 74th Inf. . . . Sept. 21, '64 

9476. Cadwell, A. T F, 3d Inf .... Sept. 21, '64 

9491. Clay, O D, 122d Inf. . . . Sept. 21, '64 

9662. Oort, W D, 11th Inf. . . . Sept. 24, '64 

9770. Cummings, A E, 6th Cav Sept 25, '64 

9772. Clark, S H, 24th Inf. . . . Sept. 26, '64 

9895. Conner, J. B G. 9th Cav Sept. 27, '64 

9971. Castable, I A, 51st Inf Sept. 28, '64 

10381. Cotes, Rufus 2d Cav. . Oct. 5, '64 



Appendipc, XXVJI 

No. of 

Grave. Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

10796. Colts, R. E C, 2d Inf Oct. 12, '64 

10834. Cepp, J I, 14th Inf Oct. 13 

10968. Carey, A E 21st Inf Oct. 16 

11103. Carter, J. B I, 89th Inf Oct 18 

11224 Craven, A. J C, 15th Inf. .... Oct. 20 

11262. Cromwell, W. H H, 59th Inf Oct. 21 

11403. Cutsdagner, W. J D, 95th Inf Oct. 24 

11540. Crominberger, I. C I, 23d Inf Oct. 27 

11567. Cantright, L F, 57th Inf Oct. 27 

11587. Chapin, J. A F, 185th Inf. . . . Oct. 28 

11618. Clark, H M A, 21st Inf Oct. 28, 

11641. Clingan, A. P K, 26th Inf Oct 30 

11766. Cohyen, J. H K, 6th Inf. . . . Nov. 3 

12082. Cahill, William A, 51st Inf Nov. 18, 

12385. Calvington, II . . C, 72d Inf Jan. 3 

12435. Chambers, J. C C, 15th Inf Jan. 11 

12691. Crampton, A C, 79th Inf Feb. 22 

12798. Conover, S B, 175th Inf. . . . March 19 

D 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'65 
'65 
'65 
'65 



690. Davis, William E H, 7th Inf April 23, '64 

930. Downing, George C, 45th Inf May 7, '64 

981. Dumar, R D, 45th Inf ... . May 9, '64 

1267. Dugan, Thomas B, 1st Cav May 21, '64 

1629. DeRush, Samuel F, 94th Inf .... June 5, '64 

1748. Davis, I F, 7th Inf June 5, '64 

2251. Decker, B. F B, 111th Inf. . . . June 21. '64 

2296. Dumas, J. P H, 2d Inf June 21, '64 

2351. Douglas, W F, 24th Inf June 23, '64 

2674. Davis, B B, 22d Inf June 30, '64 

2909. Davis, G. H E, 45th Inf July 5, '65 

2973. Dandelion, T Ind. 3d Cav. ■ • . July 7, '64 

3703. Dodson,L H, 7th Cav July 21, '64 

3802. Dille, Charles I, 23d Inf July 22, '64 

4455. Dodge, I, 2d Inf Aug. 1, '64 

4501. Diecy, C C, 26th Inf. . . . Aug. 2, '64 



XXVIII Appendix. 

No. of 
Grave. Name. Co. Regt. 

4772. Denton, John E, 7th Cav . 

5020. Desselbem, M I, 1st laf . . 

5268. Dorson, L - I, 12th Inf. . 

5299. Doty, E. E H, 41st Inf . 

5368. Dyke, F K, 5th Cav 

5465. Donley, James . F, 1st Cav. . 

5620. Davis, W. H D, 33d Inf. . 

6043. Decker, J B, 111th Inf 

6223. Duvant, B D, 95th Inf . 

6312. Downer, A. P B, 52d Inf. . 

6708. Dougherty, W. H H, 15th Inf. 

7229. Dildine, J K, 33d Inf. . 

7376. Deming, W B, 111th Inf. 

7419. Daley, S D, 33d Inf. . 

7427. Dick, Charles G, 53d Inf. . 

7431. Davis, G. W G, 21st Inf . 

7479. Drake, M D, 59th Inf . 

7500. Doran, James A, 60th Inf . 

7609. Ditto, John . A, 51st Inf . 

7631. DeMastoris, J B, 54th Inf . 

8034. Davison, P. S K, 21st Inf . 

8483. Donley, M G, 59th Inf. , 

8498. Drake, J. F C, 185th Inf. 

8779. Diver, J 4th Inf. . . 

8820. Davere, J . • ' D, 49th Inf. 

9293. Diver, J H, 123d Inf. 

9605. Decker, S C, 12th Inf . 

9702. Dobson, J. R H, 90th Inf. 

9849. Duffy, G C, 45th Inf . 

10212. Dunbar, J F, 122d Inf. 

10113. Divan, J F, 135th Inf . 

10130. Duncan, A K, 49th Inf. 

10190. Dunhand, Jas H, 8th Cav. 

10424. Dewitt, Joseph G, 65th Inf. 

10596. Dibble, F H, 101st Inf 

11017. Diper, O I, 128th Inf 



Date of Death. 

Aug. 5, '64 
Aug. 8 
Aug. 10 
Aug. 11^ 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 13 
Aug. 14 
Aug. 18 
Aug. 20 
Aug. 20 
Aug. 24 
Aug. 29 
Aug. 31 
Aug. 31 
Aug. 31 
Aug. 31 
Sept 
Sept 
Sept 
Sept: 
Sept, 
Sept. 11 
Sept. 11 
Sept. 14 
Sept. 15 
Sept. 19 
Sept. 23 
Sept. 25 
Sept. 27 
. Oct 
. Oct 
. Oct 
. Oct, 
. Oct. 6 
. Oct. 10 
. Oct. 16 



Appendix. 



XXIX 



No. of 
Grave. 

11102. 
12159. 
12254. 
12675. 
12738. 



327. 
341. 

1047. 

2221. 

3376. 

4504. 

53(J4. 

5349. 

5717. 

5887. 

6015. 

7448. 

8981. 
11051. 
11169. 
11542. 
11654. 
12321. 



/o. 

176. 

246. 

.311. 

572. 

636. 

830. 
1054. 
1381. 



Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

Danton, W. H E, 105th Inf. . . . Oct. 18, '64 

Donahue, P K, 72d Inf Oct. 25, '64 

Drith, C K, 83d Inf Dec. 4, '64 

Dunken, T K, 20th Inf .... Feb. 19, '65 

Deputy, W H, 21st Inf Feb. 6, '65 



E 

Elijah, Baker B, 45th Inf. . . . April 2 

Evalt, E. J M, 10th Inf. . . . April 12 

Eppart, Samuel B, 9th Inf May 12 

Earles, Wm G, 4th Cav .... June 20 

Ellis, Charles B, 29th Inf . . . . .Tuly 16 

Elliott, W F, 20th Inf. . . .Aug. 1 

Evans, Samuel C, 33d Inf Aug. 11 

Eastman, J C, 18th Inf .... Aug. 11 

Evans, Charles D, 1st Art Aug. 15 

Ensley, William F, 135th Inf. . . . Aug. 16 

Eckhart, J B, 2d Inf Aug. 17 

Elmann, A F, 28th Inf. . . . Sept. 1 

Entulin, B. C K, I04th Inf. . . . Sept. 17 

Evans, AV I, 51st Inf Oct. 17 

Evans, E. M I, 20th Inf Oct. 19, 

Elba, D A, 8th Inf Oct. 25 

Ewing; D D, 135th Inf. . . . Oct. 30 

Ellerman, N K, 39th Inf Dec. 22 

F 

Falman, A H, 82d Inf. . 

Fairbanks, Alf A, 45th Inf. . 

Ferris, Joseph H, I'd Cav. . 

Foster, A. M A, 100th Inf. 

Frayer, Daniel 1, 99th Inf. . 

Facer, William K, 111th Inf. 

Fisher, Charles C, 3d Cav. . 

Free, M Bat. 22d . 

Freenough, George 3d Cav. . 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



. March 

. March 

• March 

. April 

• April 

. April 

. . May 

. . May 

. . May 



20, '64 

26, '64 

30, '64 

2. '64 

5, '64 

20, '64 

1, '64 

13, '64 

26, '64 



XXX Appendix. 

No. of 

Grave. Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

1786. Fraiser, James E, 2d Inf June 10, '64 

2457. Fry, W. L H, 123d Inf. . . • June 25, '64 

2479. Fenton, J. M .1, 35th Inf June 25 

2761. Finlan, James K, 18th Inf July 2 

4231. Fry, Jacob I, 99th Inf July 29 

4317. Fitch, E. P G, 40th Inf July 30 

4337. Fulkinson, H E, 2d Inf July 30 

4651. Fife, J E, 33d Inf Aug. 3 

4868. Fling, T. I A, 27th Inf Aug. 6 

5249. Ferce, R. S C, 2d Inf Aug. 10 

5626. Falk, W D, 82dlnf Aug. 14 

5864. Fullerston, W K, 18th Inf Aug. 16 

6212. Foreman, A E, 64th Inf Aug. 19 

6308. Fisher, D I, 89th Inf Aug. 20 

6891. Futen, John H F, 82d Inf Aug. 26 

7873. Franks, R. L E 122d Inf. . . . Sept. 5 

7976. Forney, W. O D, 123d Inf Sept. 6 

9158. Firman, V Cav Sept. 18 

9225. Ferguson, H D, 3d Cav Sept. 19, 

9530. Fowler, C A, 100th Inf. . . . Sept. 22 

9557. Finch, C B, .... Sept. 23 

9976. Franklinberg, C. G, 72d Inf Sept, 28 

10045. Farshay, A F, llGth Inf. . . . Sept. 29 

10915. Freeley, P G, 10th Inf Sept. 14, 

11819. Flowers, W. T D, 116th Inf. . . . Nov. 5 

11914. Forrest, Wm K, 21st Inf Nov. 8 

12108. Fargrove, M. B F, 135th Inf. . . . Nov. 21 

12427. Fike, W. P PI, 95th Inf Jan. 9, 

12637. Fusselman, J H, 20th Inf Feb. 11 

12781. Foults, M D, 183d Inf. . . . March 15 

G 

197. GrilHng, Daniel A, 13th Inf. . . . March 27, '64 

245. Gardner, A H, 100th Inf. . . March 30, '64 

386. Grestcaust, S G, 6th Cav. ■ . April 2, '64 

611. Gillinghar, B I, 7th Cav April 18, '64 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. Regt. 



No. of 
Grave. 

681. Godfrey, Amos C, 45th Inf. 

693. Greek, Samuel C, 100th Inf. 

906. Gibson, Collins H, 40th Inf. 

1465. Greer, R. J C, 6th Cav. . 

2152, Gillanni, J K, 35th Inf. 

2926. Garner, C K, 1st Cav. . 

3130. Goff, P. E K. 19th Inf . 

3251. Gaunt, Wm I, 14th Inf. . 

8327. Gibson, R B, 40th Inf. . 

3962. Ginging, P. S E, 2l6t Inf. . 

4037. Gillett, G. W G, 6th Inf. . 

4242. Gilbert, J • • B, 19th Inf. . 

4301. Grafton, D D, 118th Inf. 

4383. Graham, J. W C, 31st Inf. . 

4445. Goflfy, P . . G, 113th Inf. 

4655. Gragrer, H H, 125th Inf. 

4802. Greer, G. G D, 49th Inf . 

4902. Granbaugh, E E, 85th Inf. . 

6023. Gordon, Wm B, 4oth Inf. 

675. Gal lager, James F, 38th Inf . 

6207. Green, E D 4th Cav . 

6346. Gordon, W G, 10th Inf. 

6408. Greff, A. G E, 13th Inf . 

6486. Gates, H G, 13th Inf . 

6821. Grooves, L C, 12th Inf . 

7111. Gilland A F, 27th Inf . 

8.380. Goodrich, J. S A, 9th Inf. . 

8367. Ganoid, L A, 60th Inf. 

9566. Gould, J. M A, 124th Inf. 

9813. Graft, P 20th Bat. . . 

9927. Galbraith, J. S H, 6th Cav. 

11218. Gaither, I B, 60th Inf. . 

11850. Gardner, G K, 1st Inf. . 

12033. GHssin, A M, 2d Cav. • 

12064. Gillenbuck, I B, 77th Inf . 

12109. Goodbrath, C G, 28th Inf . 

17 



XXXI 

Date of Death. 

April 23, '64 
April 23, '64 
May 5, '64 
May 29, '64 
.June 27, '64 
July 5, '64 
July 10, '64 
July 13, '64 
July 15, '64 
July 25, '64 
July 26 '64 
July 29, '64 
July 30, '64 
July 31, '64 
Aug. 1, '64 
Aug. 3, '64 
Aug. 5, '64 
Aug. 6, '64 
Aug. 17, '64 
Aug. 13, '64 
Aug. 19, '64 
Aug. 21, '64 
Aug. 22, '64 
Aug. 22, '64 
Aug. 25, '64 
Aug. 28, '64 
Sept. 10, '64 
Sept. 10, '64 
Sept 23, '64 
Sept. 26, '64 
Sept. 28, '64 
. Oct. 20, '64 
Nov. 1, '64 
Nov. 15, '64 
Nov. 17, '64 
Nov. 21, '64 



XXXII Appendix. 

No. of 

Grave. Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

12560. Griffith, J. H C, 58th Inf . . . Jan. 31, '6-5 

12842. Gassier. P A, 64th Inf. . . . April 22, '65 

H 

35. Hall, J. W A, 4th Inf. . . . March 9, '64 

295. Hochenburg, ^' C, 45th Inf. . . . April 1, '64 

420. Hanny, W. T A, 45th Inf Vpril 7, '64 

424. Hill, J I, 7th Cav Vpril 7, '64 

437. Henry, James I, 7th Cav Vpril 8, '64 

464. Haner, Jacob B, 45th Inf. . . April 9, '64 

527. Hickcox, M. E B, 2d Cav April 13, '64 

580. Holdman, F D, Bat 1 Vpril 16, '64 

748. Hanning, Mark I, 7th Cav April 20, '64 

31. Heaton, Amos F, 45th Inf. . . . April 20, '64 

758. Harvey, Charles E, 76th Inf. . . . April 26, '64 

875. Henry, G. W E, 95th Inf May 4, '64 

949. Hawkins, W. W G, 103d Inf. . . .May 3, '64 

1129. Hudsonpilfer, R. L I, 7th Cav May 15, '64 

1129. Hudson, E. L I, 7th Cav May 15, '64 

1132. Hank, George B I, 7th Inf May 16, '64 

1354. Hind, George H, 103d Inf. . . . May 25, '64 

1390. Holloway, G. W C, 1st Inf May 28, '64 

1524. Harrison, J I, 21st Inf May 31, '64 

1666. Hazlett, William K, 2d Inf Tune 6, '64 

1822. Hull, S E, 21st Inf Tune 10, '64 

1979. Harris, E.D I, 99th Inf Tune 15, '64 

2029. Hengle, John C, 1st Cav Tune 15, '64 

2185. Humphreys, W. C, 45th Inf Tune 19, '64 

2263. Hanley, C F, 15th Inf Tune 20, '64 

2300. Henderson, S. W H, 40th Inf . . . June 22, '64 

2369. Howard, J., musician D, 70th Inf. . . . June 23, '64 

2607. Hander, L. C E 92d Inf. .... June 23, '64 

2424. Hayford, A. E E, 125th Inf . - June 24, '64 

2997. Harrington, S. J I, 103d Inf June 28, '64 

2671. Hurles, I C, 126th Inf Tune 30, '64 

2775. Hulburt, O H, 114th Int. . . July 2, '64 



Appendix. XXXlll 

No. of 
Grave. ^ame. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

2842. Hadison, J B, 111th Inf. - . . July 3, '64 

3185. Hall, T H, 2d Inf July 11, 

3388. Hudson, Win G, 74th Inf July 16, 

3420. Hunt, W. H G, 113th Inf. . . . July 16, 

3736. Harman, L F, 9th Inf July 21, 

4030. Hansbury, E. A G, 6th Inf July 26, 

4408. Hindershot, John D, 45th Inf July 31, 

4411. Harris, J E, 1st Inf July 31, 

4506. Hartman, H K, 73d Inf Aug. 1, 

4599. Harrison, J. M H, 105th Inf. . . . Aug. 3, 

4993. Hendrickson, O F, 19th Inf Aug. 7, 

6293. Hollibaugh, J. A E, 23d Inf Aug. 11, 

5296. Hatfield, G. \V K, 126th Inf. . . . Aug. 11, 

5396. Holman, A K, 68th Inf. . . . Aug. 12, 

5554. Honnihill, T. R . . G, 9th Inf Aug. 13, 

5636. Hany, B. T C, 89th Inf. . . . Aug. 14, 

5813. Hicks, F H, 40th Inf. . . . Aug. 16, 

5853. Hibbett, Wm D, 21st Inf Aug. 19, 

5858. Hoit, P B, 116th Inf. . . . Aug. 16, 

6058. Hamm, E. J K . . . Aug. 18, 

6123. Higgins, I. W C, 14th Inf Aug. 18, 

6774. Houser, W. R K, 89th Inf. . . . Aug. 18, 

6522. Hicks, I D, 11th Inf Aug. 23, 

6625. Hughes, Henry A, 33d Inf Aug. 23, 

6639. Henrix, E H, 34th Inf . . . Aug. 23, 

6647. Hartman, I K, 2d Inf Aug. 23, 

6798. Herrig, N D, 7th Cav Aug. 25, 

6802. Hine, T. E D, 2d Cav Aug. 25, 

7022. Hull, O B, 89th Inf. . . . Aug. 27, 

7388. Hubbell, W. A A, 23d Inf Aug. 31, 

7446. Hurdnell, O C, 72d Inf Sept. 1, 

7825. Holly, V. H B, 100th Inf. . . . Sept. 4, 

7946. Hughes, I E, 12th Inf. . . . Sept. 5, 

8060. Herbolt, Daniel F, 115th, Inf . . . Sept. 7, 

8067. Harper, I. H I, 60th Inf Sept. 7, 

8284. Halshult, A C, 12th Inf. . . . Sept. 9, 



XXXIV 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 

8481. 

8696. 

8725. 

9189. 

9210. 

9538. 

9415. 

9510. 

9582. 

9622, 
10094. 
10207. 
10208. 
10225. 
10390. 
10492. 
10518. 
10524. 
10647. 
11029. 
11032. 
11053. 
11209. 
11228. 
113.35. 
11588. 
11592. 
11696. 
11856. 
11938. 
12353. 
12371. 
12404. 
12416. 
12512. 
12569. 



Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

Hechler, John G, 36th Inf. . . . Sept. 11, '64 

Hitchcock, G G, 34th Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

Hifner, G C, S6th Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

Hoyt, R K, 7th Inf Sept. 18, '64 

Hart, E H, 10th Inf. . . . Sept. 19, '64 

Hall, S F, 126th Inf . . . Sept. 20, '64 

Hood, F F, 13th Inf. . . . Sept. 21, '64 

Hamilton, J A, 13th Inf. . . . Sept. 22, '64 

Hoover, J K, 18th Inf. . . . Sept. 23, '64 

Hurley. J. C C, 124th Inf." . . . Sept. 23, '64 

Holmes, Wesley F, 135th Inf. . . . Sept. 30, '64 

Harrison, J A, 2d Cav Oct. 2, '64. 

Holeomb, L I, 2d Inf Oct. 2, '64 

Harkins, M D, 60th Inf Oct. 2, '64 

Hinton, Wm A, 72d Inf Oct. 5, '64 

Hererlin, B 32d Inf Oct. 7, '64 

Herbert, Wm I, 4th Inf Oct. 8, '64 

Homich, C D, 110th Inf . . . Oct. 8, '64 

Herman, R F, 135th Inf. . . . Oct. 11, '64 

Hillyard, J F, 98th Inf Oct. 16, '64 

Hubber, D A, 5th Inf Oct. 16. '64 

Heymers, B G, 2d Inf Oct. 17, '64 



Hannard, J. B C, 123d Inf. . 

Hoyt, W. B A, 29th Inf. . 

Henderson, D H, 122d Inf . 

Hintz D B, 1st Inf. . . 

Hutchins, G. W A, 125th Int. 

Hutching, J. W A, 153d Inf . 

Hayner, B A, 135th Inf. 

Hatfifld, A. G E, 114th Inf. 

Hume, J. A F, 32d Inf. . 

Haines, N. S E. 72d Inf. . 

Hill, W. L A, 54th Inf. 



. Oct. 20, '64 
. Oct. 20, '64 
. Oct. 23, '64 
. Oct. 28, '64 
. Oct. 28, '64 
. Oct. 31, '64 
. Nov. 6, '64 
. Nov. 9, '64 
. Dec. 29, '64 
. Jan. 1, '65 
. Jan. 6, '65 

Hill, E. P G, 89th Inf Jan. 13, '65 

Hagerman, R B, 33d Inf Jan. 23, '65 

Hart, H. C C, 2d Inf Feb. 1, '65 



Appendix. 



XXXV 



Nnrae. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Hagerly, D. (I E, 72d Inf. 

Holtz, W 1, 101st Inf. 



Date of Death. 

. Feb. 7, '65 
March 7, '65 



1280. Irving, Ester H, 114th Inf. . . . May 22, '64 

1967. Ingler, Wm C, 31st Inf June 14, '64 

7489. Imboden, J E, 44th Inf ... . Sept. 1, '64 

8744. Irwin, A I, 1st Inf Sept. 14, '64 

Idold, A C, 7th Cav Oct. 11, '64 

Isham, D G, 89th Inf Feb. 3, '65 



354. Justice, G. W B, 45th Inf . 

1637. Johnson, J. H D. 98th Inf . 

3590. Jacobs, P. E, 45th Inf. . 

3754. Jones, R C, 45th Inf. . 

3903. Jones, S B, 111th Inf 

4381. Jewell, I -. . F, 99th Inf. . 

5120. Johnson, J. W H 89th Inf. 

5508. Johnson, M C, 126th Inf. 

5583. Jones, H G, 40th Inf. . 

5624. Jewell, W. A G, 106th Inf. 

5839. Jolly, G K, 21st Inf. . 

6265. Jeffries, H I, 36th Inf. . 

6810. Jones, John G, 40th Inf. 

7308. Johnson, E I, 124th Inf. 

7861. Jones, R. W F, 118th Inf. 

7947. Jacobs, H F, 26th Inf. 

8647. Jenkins, Wm 3d Bat. . 

8757. Johnson, D B, 43d Inf. . 

8760. Johnson, I A, 51st Inf. 

9306. Jordon, A G, 103d Inf. 

9700. Jones, I. B M, 3d Inf. . 

9744. Johnson, I. B C, 2d Inf. . 

9850. Jones, Wm B, 84th Inf . 

11014. Jones, S. D F, 135th Inf . 



. April 
. June 
. July 
■ July 

• July 

• July 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 
. Aug. 

• Aug. 
■ Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 
. Sept. 

. Oct. 



2, 
5, 
19, 
22, 
24, 
31, 
9, 
13, 
14, 
14, 
16, 
20, 
25, 
30, 
5, 
6, 
13, 
14 
14, 
20, 
25, 
27, 
25, 
16, 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



XXXVI Appendix. 



No. of 

Grave. Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

11203. Jennings, John K, 24th Inf Oct. 20, '64 

11942. Jones, G. L G, 125th Inf . . . Nov. 9, '64 

12126. Jarvitt, W A, 15th Inf Nov. 22, '64 

12231. Johnson, A. S I, 45th Inf .... Dec. 6, '64 

12335. Jones, W. H C, 2d Inf Dec. 23, '64 

12428. Jackson, S E, 72d Inf Jan. 10, '65 



K 

13. Kiger, J. H E, 45th Inf ... . April 9 

765. Kinney, John E, 67th Inf. . . . April 27 

830. Kelley, Josiah C, 45th Inf May 1 

2406. Knowlion, E B, 6th Cav June 24 

416. Kimble, S A, 98th Inf Aug. 1^ 

4714. Knight, J E, 21st Inf Aug. 

5381. Kelley, E D, 21st Inf Aug. 12 

5448. Knidler, J. W H, 33d Inf Aug. 12 

5576. Kelley, H I, 1st Inf Aug. 14 

6195. Kelsey, John I, 3d Inf Aug. 19 

7177. Kennedy, S. J. B E. 45th Inf. . . . Aug. 29 

7424. Kelley, G E, 15th Inf. . . . Aug. 31 

9377. Kelley, William C, 46th Inf ... . Sept. 20 

9436. Kerr, J. H C, 122d Inf. . . . Sept. 21 

9680. Kapp, J E, 54th Inf. . . . Sept. 24 

10139. Killar, J D, 15th Inf Oct. 1 

10607. Kirby, A A, 4th Cav Oct. 10 

10853. Keanshoir, L I, 28th Inf Oct. 13 

11055. Kerr, A • . . . I, 13th Inf Oct. 17 

11732. Kingkade, S C, 18th Inf Nov. 2 

12661. Kennedy, J K, 70th Inf. . . . Jan. 16 

12746. Kaler, J B, 70th Inf. . • . March 8 

12802. Karch, J B, 183d Inf. . . . March 20. 

L 



'64 
'04 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'65 
'65 
'65 



834. Lowry, James I, 49th Inf May 1, '64 

935. Lewis, Frank D, 103d Inf ... . May 7, '64 

1286. Larme, Charles K, 45th Inf . . . May 22, '64 



Appendix. xxxvii 

No. of 
Orave. NuTne. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

1364. Larkin, Joseph 1st Art May 25, '64 

1470. Logan, Frank F, 89th Inf .... May 30, '64 

1645. Logan, H E, 6th Cav .... June 4, '64 

1828. Leonard, John A, 21st Inf .... June 11, '64 

2173. Lever, H.B C, 2d Inf. . • • • June 19, '64 

2372. Tisure, Samuel A, 7th Inf June 23, '64 

2426. Lemons, M E, 89th Inf ... . June 24, '64 

3495. Lutz, M C, 14th Inf July 18, '64 

3497. Love, John S, 96th Inf July 18, '64 

3649. Linsay, J D, 2l8t Inf July 20, '64 

4097. Lyon, L.' L E, 1st Art July 27, '64 

4354. Law, S. S I, 124th Inf July 31, '64 

4262. Lawson, J E, 2d Inf July 29, '64 

4641. Lucas, J H, 89th Inf ... . Aug. 3, '64 

4628. LeGrand, D . . B, 111th Inf. . . . Aug. 3, '64 

4692. Long, John H, 45th Inf. . . . Aug. 4, '64 

5195. Lightfoot, Wm G, 9th Cav .... Aug. 10, '64 

5246. Latta, W. H H, 89th Inf. . . . Aug. 10, '64 

5449. Lehigh, W. • B, 22d Inf Aug. 12, '64 

5665. Lamphare, G. W K, 125th Inf \.ug. 14, '64 

5676. Larison, A D, 63d Inf. . . . Aug. 14, '64 

6060. Lowe, G. H C, 72d Inf Aug. 18, '64 

6314. Leasure, Isaack K, 122d Inf. . . . Aug. 21, '64 

7123. Leasure, F K, 45th Inf ... . Aug. 28, '64 

7744. Linway, J H, 2d Inf Sept. 3, '64 

8016. Lambert, James A 89th Inf. . . . Sept. 6, '64 

8739. Lickliter, Henry B, 135th Inf. . . . Sept. 14, '64 

8874. Lindsley, A. K K, 99th Inf. . . . Sept. 16, '64 

9336. Leonard, T. M H, 12th Inf. . . . Sept. 20, '64 

9518. Lovely, John K, 100th Inf. . . . Sept. 20, '64 

9361. Lawyer, J. B L, 89th Inf .... Sept. 20, '64 

7419. Lefarer, W. G., citizen, Gardener, Athens courty. 

10039. Laley, 28th Inf Sept. 29, '64 

11161. Lepe, A K, 7th Inf Oct. 19, '64 

11190. Lantz, A. W A, 45th Inf Oct. 20, '64 

11344. Lochner, M E, 72d Inf Oct. 23, '64 



XXXVIII 



Apperidix. 



No. of 
Grave. 

11440. 
11400. 
11816. 
12007. 
12201. 
12297. 
12515. 
12698. 
12826. 



66 
UO. 

113. 

141. 

165. 

215. 

412. 

444. 

575. 

880. 

984. 

998. 
1262. 
1283. 
1630. 
1849. 
1930. 
2075. 
2139. 
2150. 
2290. 
2471. 
2667. 
2682. 
2743. 



Name. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Loughlin, M. W I, 1st Inf. . . 

Lips, F ■ . . . . H, 2d Inf . . 

Lane, D D, 91st Inf . 

Lay, John K, 123d Inf. 

Lohmeyer, H K, 35th Inf . 

Livengood, C. P. G, 35th Inf . 

Longstreet, W F A., 31st Inf. . 

Lewis, D A, 7th Inf. 

Little, William D, 175th Inf 

M 

Metcalf, Milo E E, 100th Inf. 

Malsbray, Asa A, 40th Cav. 

Moore, T. J D, 2d Inf . . 

McKeever James G, 8th Inf. . 

Mickey, Samuel E, 45th Inf . 

Murphy, John B, 7th Cav. • 

Mitchell, J F, 120th Inf. 

McKindry, M I, 7th Inf. . 

Malone, R. J H, 40th Inf. 

McCormick, J. W. E B, 33d Inf. . 

Musser, D B, 45th Inf . 

Meek, David K, 111th Inf. 

McKnight, H G, 11th Inf . 

McMunny, George G, 21st Inf. . 

Moore, Charles H, 19th Inf. 

Masters, Samuel I, 17th Inf. . 

Martin, G F, 105th Inf. 

McCliny, B I, 7th Cav. . 

Maloney, A H, 4th Inf. . 

Mitchell, W. H D, 31st Inf . 

Massey, J. C A, 33d Inf . 

Mullin, J K, 65th Inf. 

McCloud, A G, 35th Inf. 

Miller, T A, 4th Cav . 

McFarland, L I, 2d Inf. . . 



Date of Death. 

. Oct. 24, '64 
. Oct. 26, '64 
. Nov. 4, '64 
. Nov. 19, '64 
. Nov. 30, '64 
. Dec. 16, '64 
. Jan. 26, '65 
. Jan 28, '65 
. April 7, '65 



March 

March 

Marcli 

March 

March 

March 

.April 

. April 

. April 

. May 

. May 

. May 

. May 

. May 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

. June 

June 

. June 

. June 

. Julv 



'64 
'64 
'04 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 



2806. 

2873. 

2991. 

3104. 

3123. 

3137. 

3290. 

3491 

3718. 

4040. 

4199. 

4252. 

4298. 

4361. 

4421. 

4101. 

4657. 

4789. 

5738. 

5777. 

5883. 

6026. 

6040. 

6055. 

6063. 

6478. 

6841. 

6855. 

6862. 

6920. 

7108. 

7183. 

7186. 

7515. 

7896. 

8021. 



XXXIX 

Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

Mclnnes, A . . . • B, 45th Inf .... July 3, '64 

Moriatt, Joseph . . . . . . . . K, 5th Inf July 4, '64 

Mitchell, James D, 17th Inf ... . July 7, '64 

Malone, L. B L, 7th Cav July 10, '64 

Mitchell, C K, 1st Inf July 10, '64 

Minchell R C, 45th Inf July 10, '64 

Mahin, B I, 51st Inf July 13, '64 

Master, J A, 13th Inf . . . . July 17, '64 

Miller, E E, 4th Inf Tuly 21, '64 

Marshall, T G, 21st Inf July 26, '64 

Myer, C I, 21st Inf July 29, '64 

Meek, J E, 19th Inf July 29, '64 

McKell, M.J D, 89th Inf July 30, '64 

Mooney, James D, 50th Inf July 31, '64 

Morris, C.E . .H, 11th Inf July 31, '64 



McCann, A C, 36th Inf. . 

Maher, P E, 7th Inf. . 

Martin, D L, 3d Cav. . 

McCabe, H C, 12th Inf. 

Manson, W G, 9th Inf. . 

Mcintosh, D D, 50th Inf. . 

Manahan, Thomas D, 21st Inf. . 

McKee, James A, 51st Inf. . 

McHugh, W. S D, 2d Inf. . 

McClair, P. M A, 27th Inf. 

McCabe, J C, 66th Inf. 

McCormick, W. P G, 2d Inf. . 

MeSorley, D F, 49th Inf. . 

McCoy, J. B A, 93d Inf. . 

McDell, William K, 89th Inf. 

McDonald, J H, 99th Inf. 

Mason, J D, 45th Inf. 

More, John H D, 60th Inf. 

Myers, L. H B, 135th Inf. 

Morris, J A, 105th Inf. 

Meek, Robert K, 111th Inf. 

18 



. Aug. 3, '64 
. Aug. 3, '64 
. Aug. 5, '64 
. Aug. 15, '64 
. Aug. 15, '64 
. Aug. 16, '64 
. Aug. 18, '64 
. Aug. 18, '64 
. Aug. 18, '64 
. Aug. 18, '64 
. Aug. 22, '64 
. Aug. 25, '64 
. Aug. 26, '64 
. Aug. 26, '64 
. Aug. 26, '64 
. Aug. 28, '64 
. Aug. 28, '64 
- Aug. 28, '64 
. Sept. 1, '64 
. Sept. 5, '64 
. Sept. 6, '64 



XL 

No. of 
Grave. 

8044. 
8236. 
8385. 
8408. 
8482. 



Appendix, 



Co. 



Regt. 



8726. 

8838. 

8885. 

9039. 

9096. 

9241. 

9348. 

9659. 

9867. 
10064. 
10081. 
10106. 
10517. 
10563. 
10936. 
11156. 
11200. 
11341. 
11400. 
11811. 
12050. 
12054. 
12184. 
12535. 
12717. 
12872. 
12875. 

983 
2328. 



Myers, A I, 51st Inf. 

Moor, D. D A, 2d Inf. . 

Maymer, R D, 68th Inf. 

McCabe, J C, 70th Inf. 

Morens, H A, 51st Inf. 

Moore, T. H. . C, 59th Inf. 

Miller, Samuel F, 135th Inf. 

Mackrill, R I, 50th Inf. 

Manlig, S A, 60th Inf. 

Miller, C I, 28th Inf. . 

McMillan, J. F A, 123d Inf. 

McComb, J. S K, 14th Inf. 

Maxwell, P A, 12th Inf. 

Manley, J M, 7th Inf. 

Mitchell, R. C 10th Cav. 

Morgan, R. O H, 12th Cav. 

Mcintosh, Wm I, 23d Inf. . 

Morals, Wm F, 135, Inf. . 

Montgomerj^ J G, 2d Inf. . 

Myer, L., blacksmith. A, 1st Inf. . 

Martin, F A, 10th Cav. 

McElroy, John B, 92d Inf. 

Martin, W A, 15th Inf. . 

McQuilkin, F I, 1st Inf. . 

Mark, J B, 135th Inf. 

Miller. J 1, 135th Inf. 

Moore, R. F C, 101st Inf. 

Mills, G. W F, 60th Inf. 

Morrison, J. H B, 21st Inf. . 

McDonald, H. H Citizen, . 

Millholland, R B, 183d Inf. . 

McGrath, D G, 115th Inf. 

Martin, M B 135th Inf 

N 

Neal, John C, 45th Inf. 

Nash, C. D B, 45th Inf 



Date of Death. 

. Sept. 6, '64 

. Sept. 9, '64 

. Sept. 10, '64 

. Sept. 11, '64 

. Sept. 11, '64 

. Sept. 13, '64 

. Sept. 14, '64 

. Sept. 15, '64 

. Sept. 16, '64 

. Sept. 17, '64 

. Sept. 18, '64 

. Sept. 19, '64 

. Sept. 20, '64 

. Sept. 24, '64 

. Sept. 27, '64 

. Sept. 30, '64 

. Sept. 30, '64 

. Sept. 30, '64 

. Oct. 8, '64 

. . Oct. 9, '64 

. . Oct. 14, '64 

. . Oct. 18, '64 

. . Oct. 20, '64 

. . Oct. 23, '64 

. . Oct. 24, '64 

. Nov. 4, '64 

. Nov. 16, '64 

. Nov. 16, '64 

- Nov. 28, '64 

. Jan 27, '65 

March 1, '65 

March 15 '65 

March 16, '65 

. May 9, '64 
. May 22, '64 



Appendix. 



XLl 



}^o. of 
Orave. 

2183. 

4994. 

5897. 

7103. 
10584. 
11012. 
11448. 
12815. 



2245. 

2442. 

4552. 
11349. 
12024. 
12247. 
12429. 
12805. 



Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

Niver, Edward I, 3d Cav June 19, '64 

Nelson, J K, 1st Cav Aug. 7, '64 

Neflf, B H, 95th Inf. . . . Aug. IG, '04 

Nelson, Thomas 1st Cav Aug. 28, '64 

Nelder, S G, 89th Inf Oct. 10, '64 

Nott. J H, 153d Inf Oct. 16, '64 

Norman, G. L B, 135th Inf. . . . Oct. 25, '64 

Norris, E. J K, 102d Inf. . . • March 25, '65 



o 

Ostrander, E. W A, 100th Inf. 

Ott, C C, 51st Inf. . 

O'Neil, James F, 126th Inf. 

O'Brien, John D, 2d Inf. . . 

O'Connor, F C, 103d Inf. . 

Oliver, J C, 122d Inf. . 

Ohnger, J F, 63d Inf. . 

Ornig J. B I, 101st Inf. 



. June 20, '64 
. June 25, '64 
. Aug. 2, '64 
. Oct. 23, '64 
. Nov. 15, '64 
. Dec. 8, '64 
. Dec. 10, '64 
. April 17, '65 



65. 
9. 

724. 

913. 
1326 
2692. 
3391. 
3555. 
4020. 
5190. 
5377. 
5426. 
6463. 
6589. 
6690. 
6717. 



Pussey, James H, 45th Inf . 

Price, Barney I, 45th Inf. 

Parker, Wm. E H. 45th Inf. 

Penny, A C, 59th Inf. . 

Prouty, Wm L, 9th Cav. • 

Phenix, A. H H, 21st Inf. 

Pile, Wilson F, 3.3d Inf. . 

Pierce, H A, 100th Inf. 

Perkins, W. B G, 89th Inf. 

Piffer, G A, 123d Inf. 

Parker, W H, 124th Inf 

Perrin, N A, 72d Inf. . 



March 

. April 

April 

. May 

. May 

. June 

July 

• July 
. July 
■ Aug. 

• Aug. 
Aug 



Parlice, George W 94th Inf Aug. 

Potter, H E, 72d Inf Aug. 

PuUen, Samuel B, 33d Inf Aug. 

Post, J D, 1st Art. . ' . . . Aug. 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



XLII 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. 



Recft. 



No. of 
Grave. 

6984. Palmer, Samuel I, 135th Inf. 

7021. Pease, G. E I, 10th Cav . 

7157. Plunkett, M E, 124th Inf. 

7329. Pelterson, F G, 113th Inf. 

7368. Purcell, John D, 72d Inf. . 

7384. Pierson, J B, 125th Inf. 

7399. Palmer, F. G D, 2d Cav. . 

7519. Patten, W D, 21st Inf . 

7644. Pierce, Wm H, 75th Inf. 

7701. Pruser, H B, 1st Inf. . 

7724. Payne, J E, 89th Inf . 

8109. Potts, Jas E, 172d Inf . 

8288. Phillips, H I, 33d Inf. . 

8534. Powell, F G, 9th Inf. . 

8597. Pror, A. M B, 135th Inf. 

8620. Pinert, F C, 21st Inf . 

8753. Parker, Z E, 124th Inf. 

9111. Parks, J. W G, 6th Cav . 

9327. Parker, J H, 49th Inf. 

9470. Perrin, G B, 3d Inf . . 

9768. Pipenbring, George K, 13th Inf. 

9822. Preston, Wm B, 34th M. I. 

10056. Parks, E. F D, 36th Inf . 

11221. Piper, E. A B, 23d Inf . . 

11453. Patterson, F F, 28th Cav . 

11676. Prouse, P. I I, 1st Inf. . . 

11779. Preshall, J. A C, 113th Inf. 

12038. Peasley, J H, 65th Inf . 

12040. Porter, W. C H, 40th Inf . 

12352. Powers, J K, 21st Inf. . 

12651. Poistan, J F, 133d Inf. . 

12645. Piper, I F, 64th Inf. . 



Date of Death. 

Aug. 27, '64 
Aug. 27, 
Aug. 29, 
Aug. 30, 
Aug. 31, 
Aug. 31, 
Aug. 31, 
Sept. 1 
Sept. 3 
Sept. 3 
Sept. 3 
Sept. 7 
Sept. 9 
Sept. 12 
Sept. 12 
Sept. 13 
Sept. 14 
Sept. 18 
Sept. 20 
Sept. 21 
Sept. 25 
Sept. 27 
Sept. 30 
. Oct. 20 
. Oct. 25 
. Oct. 30 
Nov. 3 
Nov. 16 
Nov. 16 
, Dec. 28 
. Jan. 29 
Feb. 13 



R 

344. Ricker, Henry E, 2d Cav April 2, '64 

908. Rush, D H, 107th Inf. . . . May 5, '64 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 



49. 
1642. 
1763. 
2030. 
2124. 
2156. 
2231. 
2410. 
2878. 
3074. 
3400. 
3426. 
3613 
3802. 
3961. 
4061. 
4335. 
4777. 
5570. 
5631. 
5639. 
5641. 
6488. 
6511. 
6835 
6948. 
7174. 
7353. 
7639. 
7844. 
8521. 
8747. 
8818. 
9614. 
9617. 
10165. 



Name. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Reed, Harmon E, 103d Inf. . 

Radabaugh, W. H A, 33d Inf. . 

Rei, J K, 124th, Inf. 

Ralston, W. J C, 89th Inf . 

Rawlings, S E, 45th Inf . 

Rancy, A. K B, 111th Inf. 

Rickards, W. V B, 33d Inf. . 

Rowe, A F, 104th Inf. 

Rees, Thomas C, 98th Inf. . 

Rix, Wm K, 2d Inf . . 

Rogers, H C, 51st Inf. . 

Ralston, J. M C, 89th Inf. . 

Russell, L. F B, 111th Inf. 

Regman, D, 2d Inf . . 

Robinson, H. H. . . . H, 110th Inf. 

Reiggs, H F, 21st Inf. . 

Rex, J. W. . K, 3d Cav. . 

Robbing, A D, 6th Cav . 

Reichardson, G G, 82d Inf. . 

Russell, J. G G, 116th Inf. 

Read, George H H, 21st Inf . 

Redder, G G, 45th Inf . 

Robbins, D. B I, 89th Inf. . 

Rass, J A, 59th Inf. 

Ridge way, John D, 23d Inf. . 

Redd, C H, 172d Inf. 

Ross, A H, 45th Inf. . 

Roberts, Ed K, 75th Inf. 

Rutain, E. B E, 41st Inf. . 

Russell, James E, 9th Inf. . 

Rhotin, W C, 2d Inf. . 

Riley, W. M B, 89th Inf. . 

Robertson, R D, 100th Inf. 

Robinson, J D, 65th Inf. . 

Rose, John H, 72d Inf. . 

Riper, 0. H G, 110th Inf. 



XLIII 

Date of Death. 

. May 25, '64 
June 5, '64 
June 6, 
June 15, 
June 17, 
June 18, 
June 20, 
June 24, 
July 4, 
July 9, 
July 16, 
July 16, 
July 20, 
July 24, 
July 25, 
July 27, 
July 30, 
Aug. 5, 
Aug. 14, 
Aug. 14, 
Aug. 14, 
Aug. 14, 
Aug. 22, 
Aug. 22, 
Aug. 25, 
Aug. 26, 
Aug. 29 
Aug. 31, 
Sept. 2, 
Sept. 4, 
Sept. 12, 
Sept. 14, 
Sept. 15, 
Sept. 23, 
Sept. 23, 
. Oct. 1, 



XLIV 

No. of 

Grave. 

10354. 
10378. 
11279. 
11360. 
11413 
11040. 
11657. 
11672. 
11857. 
12366. 
12647. 
12692. 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Date of Death. 



Rogers, C. 



H, 13th Inf Oct. 5, '64 



Rochelle, John F, 135th Inf. 

Eomain, J H, 5fith Inf . 

Eeese, A C, 80th Inf. . 

Eeese, E D, 59th Inf. . 

Eapp, N A. 19th Inf. . 

Eobbins, P H, 122d, Inf. 



. Oct. 11, '64 
. Oct. 21, '64 
. Oct. 23, '64 
. Oct. 24, '64 
. Oct. 30, '64 
. Oct. 30, '64 



Eobinson, C E, 2d Cav Oct. 30, '64 

Rourk, J G, 6th Inf. . . . Nov. 6, '64 

Eepan, A A, 47th Inf Dec. 31, '64 

Eapp, D. C C, 2d Inf. Feb. 13, '65 

Eamsbottom, A. F D, 99th Inf Feb. 22, '65 



S 

33. Smith, J. E C, 7th Cav. . 

44. Smith, H. B B, 82d Inf. . 

58. Strill, Michael K, 100th Inf. 

231. Sears, Samuel F, 2d Cav. . 

260. Stephen, H B, 100th Inf. 

263. Shields, George L, 2d Cav. . 

284. Saughessey, John B, 45th Inf. 

481. Steele, Abraham H, 80th Inf. 

594. Swench, W A, 45th Inf. 

653. Snyder, Lewis C, 80th Inf. 

726. Sweeney, Samuel G, 7th Cav. 

791. Shannon, Charles I, 45th Inf. 

804. Starbuck, F E, 62d Inf. . 

937. Storer, John A, 17th Inf. . 

962. Smith, John F, 7th Cav. . 

994. Smith, Wm E, 103d Inf. . 

42. Sabine, Alonzo A, 100th Inf. 

1160. Samse, Wm H, 14th Inf. . 

1179. Smith, Conrad A, 100th Inf. 

1183. Smith, William G, 2d Inf. . 

1229. Spangler, A E, 45th Inf. . 

1231. Swineheart, J. W B, 111th Inf. 



March 9 

March 14 

March 18 

March 29 

March 31 

March 31 

. April 1 

. April 9 

. April 16 

. April 20; 

- April 25 

. April 28 

. April 29 

. May 7 

. May 8 

. May 10, 

. May 11 

. . May 17 

. May 18 

. May 18 

. May 20; 

May 22 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. 



JRegt. 



No. of 
(■frave. 

1404. Seyman, Aaron D, 89th Inf. . 

1672. Sprague, W. L K, 6th Cav. . 

1773. Suiimons, Jobn Bat. 22. . 

2220. Shannon, E A, 35th Inf. . 

2230. Stannett, J C, 45th Inf. 

2376. Stiver, J C, 93d Inf. . 

2524. Smith, G. W K, 11th Inf. 

2575. Sampson, C D, 89th Inf . 

2638. Stults, P F, 45th Inf . 

2783. Shiver, L B, 31st Inf. . 

2792. Smith, N. H H, 1st Inf. . 

3116. Smith, G I, 21st Inf . . 

3252. Short, James A, 4th Cav. • 

3288. Smith, D H, 7th Inf. . 

3361. SafHe, J E, 2d Inf. . . 

3536. Steward, C. S K, 33d Inf. . 

3602. Stevenson, T) B, 111th Inf. 

3298. Squires, Thomas C, 49th Inf. . 

3744. Snyder, Thomas G, 9th I^f. . 

3770. Smith, D I, 2d Inf. . . 

3794. Sever, H. H C, 2d Inf. . . 

4249. Shephard, J. H E, 2d Inf. . . 

4275. Smith, J. B B, 1st Inf . . 

4294. Stewaid, J K, 2d Inf . . 

4745. Steiner, M. J F, 72d Inf. . 

5018. Smock. A D, 93d Inf. . 

5054. Smarz, A E, 93d Inf. . 

5006. Shipple, John G, 6th Cav . 

5133. Scott, S. E I, 4th Inf. . 

5287. Stevenson, Jolm B, 111th Inf 

5330. Spegle, F D, 14th Inf 

5373. Schem, J K, 101st Inf. 

5455. Stevens, G. "\V K, 101st Inf 

5896. Sullivan, W D, 78th Inf . 

6010. Staley, G A, 89th Inf . 

6632. Smith, Wm G, 9th Cav . 



AT. V 

Date of Death. 

. May 27 
June 6 
June 9 
June 20 
June 20 
June 23 
June 26 
June 27 
June 29 
July 2 
■July 2 
July 10 
July 13 
July 13 
July 15 
July 18 
July 19 
July 20 
July 21 
July 22 
July 22 
July 29 
July 29 
July 30 
Aug. 5 
Aug. 8 
Aug 8 
Aug. 8 
Aug. 9 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 17 
Aug. 18 



XL VI 

No. of 
Grave. 

6178 

6199. 

6214. 

6253. 

6779. 

6870. 

7034. 

7065. 

7436. 

7475. 

7540. 

7788. 

7897. 

7986. 

8014. 

8015. 

8156. 

8197. 

8200. 

8229. 

8300. 

8319. 

8422. 

8728. 

8752. 

8914. 

8931. 

9009. 

9244. 

9386. 

9645. 

9649. 
10250. 
10312. 
10434. 
10437. 



Appendix. 



Name. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Simpson, W. J F, 32d Inf. . 

Sheddy, G K, 2d Inf. . 

Shaw, George W A, 105th Inf. 

Shoulder, E F, 24th Inf . 

Soper, P G, 72d Inf. . 

Scarberry, O D, 89th Inf . 

Sutton, J A, 4th Inf. . 

Shoemaker, J E, 47th Inf . 

Stincher, F. E A, 101st Inf. 

Shafer, A G, 9th Inf. . 

Sell, Adam E, 125th Inf. 

Stewart, John S B, 19th Inf . 

Smith, H. H A, 2d Cav. . 

Selb, Jacob 23d Inf. . 

Schriver, George K, 45th Inf. 

vSnider, James C, 4th Inf. . 

Sturtevant, W A, 72d Inf. . 

Shrouds, J 6th Bat. . 

Stroufe, A E, 7th Inf. . 

Shaw, W I, 15th Inf. . 

Smith, N H, 121st Inf. 

Sheldon, W E, 49th Inf . 

Sullivan, John F, 135th Inf. 

Sisson, P. B H, ISth Inf. 

Sickles, J. I, 51st Inf. . 

Simmonds, S. P A, 1st Inf. • 

Stull, G G, 15th Inf. . 

Sharp, S. F K, 63d Inf. . 

Schmall, J. D E, 12th Inf. . 

Smith, L H, 153d Inf. 

Scott, J. H H, 33d Inf. . 

Skiver, J H, 114th Inf. 

Sheets, W A, 81st Inf. . 

Spencer, S. M E, 89th Inf. . 

Shingle, D L, 2d Cav. . ■ 

Stanford, P. W A, 2d Cav. • . 



Date of Death. 

Aug. 19, '64 
Aug. 19, '64 
Aug. 20, '64 
Aug. 20, '64 
Aug. 25, '64 
Aug. 26, '64 
Aug. 27, '64 
Aug. 28, '64 
Sept. 1, '64 
Sept. 1, '64 
Sept. 2, '64 
Sept. 4, '64 
Sept. 5, '64 
Sept. 6, '64 
Sept. 6 
Sept. 6 
Sept. a 
Sept. 
Sept. 8 
Sept. 9 
Sept. 9: 
Sept. 10^ 
Sept. 11 
Sept. 14 
Sept. 14 
Sept. 16 
Sept. 16 
Sept 17 
Sept 19 
Sept. 20 
Sept. 24 
Sept. 24 
. Oct. 3 
. Oct. 4 
. Oct. 6 
. Oct. 6 



Appendix. 



XL VII 



No. oj 
Wravc. 

10576. 
10618. 
10703. 
10383. 
11139. 
11146. 
11249. 
11433. 
11579. 
11595. 
11711. 
11797. 
12105. 
12281. 
12305. 
12441. 
12538. 
12562. 
12668. 
12769. 
12789. 
12793. 
12810. 



734. 
743. 
999. 

1196. 
1496. 
4784. 
4951. 
5356. 
5552. 
5668. 
6330. 



Name. Co. Regt. Date of Death. 

Stonchecks, J. D F, 51st Inf Oct. 9, '64 

Schafer, P I, 101st Inf Oct. 10 

Stout, Samson F, 2d Inf Oct. 11 

Sheppard, John D, 34th Inf Oct. 13 

Shark, H F, 72dlnf Oct. 17 

Smith, G. A F, 45th Inf Oct. 19 

Sulhvan, F C, 76th Inf. . . . Oct. 21 

Swaney, E A, 124th Inf Oct. 24 

Smith, P I, 69th Inf Oct. 28 

Sapp, W. N E, 20th Inf Oct. 28 

Spiker, J 122d Inf Nov. 1 

Shaler, F E, 72d Inf Nov. 4 

Sly, F G, 89th Inf Nov. 20 



Singer, J ... G, 6th Inf. . 

Sweet, M F, 49th Inf. . 

Shoemaker, C F, 8th Inf. . 

Stewart, A. F D, 2d Inf. . 

Sponcelar, George B, 71st Inf. . 

Shorter, W K, 89th Inf. 

Sloon, L D, 123d Inf. . 

Str,.up, S B, 50th Inf. . 

Seeley, N D, 132 Inf. . 

Scott, R G, 75th Inf. . 

T 

Tweedy, R A, 1st Cav. . 

Trescott, Samuel 0, 2d Inf. . 

Trimmer, Wm H, 40th Inf. . 

Turney, U. S • • . . . G, 2d Cav. . 

Thomas, Wm M, 10th Cav. 

Thompson, J E, 2d Inf. . . 

Toroman, W. R F, 13th Inf. . 

Tierney, W L, 1st Art. . 

Tinsley, M B, 90th Inf. . 

Terrilliger, N C, 12th Inf. . 

Tanner, A G, 32d Inf. . 

19 



. . Dec. 13 
- . Dec. 18 
. . Jan. 12 
. . Jan. 27 
. . Jan. 31 
. . Feb. 17 
. March 13 
. March 17 
. March 18 
. March 24 



. April 

. April 

. May 

. May 

. May 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 

• Aug. 
■ Aug. 

• Aug. 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'65 
'65 
'65 
'65 
'65 
'65 
'65 
'65 



'64 
'64 
'64 
'61 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 
'64 



XL vni 



Appendix . 



No. of 
Grave. 

7224. 

7240. 

7340. 

8850. 

9774. 

9945. 
10471. 
10800. 
11320. 
12577. 



Name. 



Co. Begt. 



Thompson, O. B C, 26th Inf. 

Turner, S. B B, 45th Inf. - 

Thomas, James C, 44th Inf. 

Talbert, R F, 135th Inf. 

Thomas, N B, 103d Inf. 

Townsend, J C, 26th Inf. 

Tattman, B C, 123d Inf. 

Tinway, P 93d Inf. . 

Townsley, E. M B, 89th Inf. . 

Tensdale, T. H E, 2d Cav. . 



Date of Death. 

. Au^. 29, '64 

. Aug. 30, '64 

. Sept. 2, '64 

. Sept. 15, '64 

, Sept. 26, '64 

Sept. 28, '64 

. Oct. 7, '64 

Oct. 12, '64 

. Nov. 5, '64 

. Feb. 3, '65 



u 

12251. Uchre, S E, 12th Inf 



Dec. 9, '64 



2194. 

3902. 

4450. 

4497. 

5262. 

6170. 

6859. 

6985. 

7756. 

9576. 
10252. 
10389. 
10472. 
11C95. 
11097. 
12554. 



Vining, W. H. H G, 45th Inf. 

Valentine, C H, 123d Inf. 

Vaugh, B F, 125th Inf 

Vangrider, H H, 103d Inf. 

Vatier, J. F 6th Cav. 

Vail, John L C, 17th Inf. 

Vanaman, M E, 21st Inf. . 

Vanderveer, A H, 6th Inf. . 

Victor, H D, 1st Art. . 

Volis, J H, 34th Inf. 

Vail, N K, 12th Inf. 

Vail, G. M D, 7th Inf. 

Van Fleet, H I, 14th Inf. 

Van Kirk, G B, 135th Inf. 

Van Malley, J. M G, 89th Inf. 

Vanhorn, S C, 9th Cav. . 



. June 19, '64 

. July 24, '64 

. Aug. 1, '64 

. Aug. 1, '64 

. Aug. 10, '64 

. Aug. 19, '64 

Aug. 26, '64 

. Aug. 27, '64 

. Sept. 4, '64 

. Sept. 23, '64 

. Oct. 3, '64 

, . Oct. 5, '64 

. . Oct. 7, '64 

. . Oct. 18, '64 

. . Oct. 18, '64 

. Jan. 30, '65 



w 



7. Wiley, Samuel A, 82d Inf. . . . March 5, '64 

185, Wickman, Wm B, 111th Inf. . .March 27, '64 

34. Wriglit,.Wm H, 7th Inf April 24, '64 



Appendix. XLix 

No. o) 

Grave. Nume. Co. liegU Dnte of Drath. 

799. Wooley, John B, 45th Inf. . . . April 28, '64 

807. Werts, Lewis D, 45th Inf. . . . April 30, '64 

1085. Wood, Wm A, 89th Inf May 14, '64 

1449. Wenthing, Joseph K, 130th Inf . . . May 29, '64 

1604. Wood, Joseph B, 15th Inf June 4, '64 

1836. Wilkinson, W D, S9th Inf. . . . June 11, '64 

1913. Wilson, James I, 93d Inf June 13, '64 

2020. Way, Jno I, 44th Inf June 15, '64 

2041. Windgrove, S. R 15th Inf .... June 15, '64 

2172. Webb, E A, 45th Inf .... June 19, '64 

2358. Walters, F E, 9th Inf June 23, '64 

2536. Wing M, 2d Cav. . . June 26, '64 

2815. Willis, A A, 89th Inf .... July 3, '64 

2840. Wroten, L . . H, 89th Inf ... . July 3, '64 

3188. Williams, D A, 90th Inf .... July 12, '64 

3310. White, H A, 15th Inf July 15, '64 

3325. Whitten, G K, 75th Inf July 14, '64 

4214. We&t, J. B B, 89th Inf July 29, '64 

4681. Witt, Jno. T G, 93d Inf Aug. 4, '64 

4688. Won, J B, 111th Inf. . . . Aug. 4, '64 

4^5. Wile, A D, 33d Inf Aug. 4, '64 

4833. Webricks, Josh H G, 9th Inf Aug. 6, '64 

5121. Winder, I D, 70th Inf ... . Aug. 9, '64 

5211. Wood, N. L L, 4th Cav Aug-. 10, '64 

5726. Winters, George K, 145th Inf. . . . Aug. 15, '64 

6314. AVainwright, S. G G, 89th Inf . . . . Aug. 20, '64 

6318. Wisser, F. J A, 35th Inf. . . . Aug. 20, '64 

6362. Wistman, N G, 9th Cav. . . . Aug 21, '64 

6397. Wilson, E A, 4th Inf Aug. 21, '64 

6700. Watson, G A, 21et Inf Aug. 24, '64 

6761. Wood, S A, 123d Inf. . . . Aug. 25, '64 

7056. Wood, W. H E, 59th Inf. . . . Aug. 28, '64 

7373. Wyatt, J. . B, 90th Inf . . . Aug. 31, '64 

7582. Wentworth, L A, 72d Inf. .... Sept. 1, '64 

8298. Wright, J. S E, 49th Inf. . . . Sept. 9, '64 

8696. Warner, T C, 14th Inf. • • -. • Sept. 10, '64 



Appendix. 



No. of 
Grave. 

8907. 

9384. 

9527. 

9691. 
10007. 
10230. 
10309. 
10402. 
10464. 
10528. 
10733. 
10844. 
11013. 
11034. 
11418. 
11770. 
11874. 
12042. 
12073. 
12158. 
12584. 
12722. 
12759. 
12786. 



Co. 



Regt. 



Wyckman, D G, 73d Inf. . 

Worte, J 116th Inf. 

Woodruff, J. M F, 135th Inf. 

Wagner. J F, 93d Inf. . 

Whitney, E K, 21st Inf. 

WilUams, Orland K, 7th Cav. • 

Weaver, INI 

Ward, Francis 

Whitehead, A. B 



Date of Death. 

Sept. 16, '64 
Sept. 20, '64 
Sept. 22, '64 
Sept. 24, '64 
Sept. 29, '64 
. Oct. 2, '64 



H, 72d In! Oct. 4, '64 

H, 21st Inf Oct. 6, '64 

E, 33d Inf Oct. 7, '64 

Wiley, A I, 20th Inf Oct. 8, '64 

White, I E, 73d Inf Oct. 11, '64 

Westbrook, R. L F, 135th Inf. . . . Oct. 13, '64 

Walker, C I, 65th Inf Oct. 16, '64 

Waldron, H A, 14th Inf Oct. 16, '64 

Williams, S. M F, 60th Inf Oct. 24, '64 

Worthen, D B, 122d Inf. . . . Nov. 3, '64 

Weason, J F, 36th Inf . . . .Nov. 6, '64 

Wickham, J . . H, 14th Inf. . . . Nov. 16, '64 

AVhite, R. M. D, 15tli Inf Nov. 18, '64 

Warner, B. F E, 35th Inf. . . . Nov. 25, '64 

Wbitaker, E A, 72d Inf Feb. 4, '65 

Wella, E A, 57th Inf. . . . March 3, '65 

Winklet, T , McL's. Sqn. . . . March 12, '65 

Warner, M G, 132d Inf. . . . March 16, '65 



638. Yulerler, W. A E, 45th Inf. . . . April 20, '64 

5477. Younker,S F, 80th Inf Aug. 13, '64 

6068. Young, John E, 7th Inf Aug. 18, '64 

7816. Yeager, John B, 7th Cav Sept. 4, '64 

7876. Young J F, 9th Inf Sept. 5, '64 

10583 Young, W G, 6th Inf. .... Oct. 10, '64 

12659. Young, W A, 15th Inf Feb. 16, '65 

z 

3225. Zubers, J. M B, 100th Inf luly 12, '64 

11253. Zink, A. J E, 72d Inf Oct. 21, '64 



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